High-resolution 25 μm imaging of the disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars

Abstract

We imaged circumstellar disks around 22 Herbig Ae/Be stars at 25 μm using Subaru/COMICS and Gemini/T-ReCS. Our sample consists of equal numbers of objects belonging to the two categories defined by Meeus et al. (2001); 11 group I (flaring disk) and II (at disk) sources. We find that group I sources tend to show more extended emission than group II sources. Previous studies have shown that the continuous disk is hard to be resolved with 8 meter class telescopes in Q-band due to the strong emission from the unresolved innermost region of the disk. It indicates that the resolved Q-band sources require a hole or gap in the disk material distribution to suppress the contribution from the innermost region of the disk. As many group I sources are resolved at 25 μm, we suggest that many, not all, group I Herbig Ae/Be disks have a hole or gap and are (pre-)transitional disks. On the other hand, the unresolved nature of many group II sources at 25 μm supports that group II disks have continuous at disk geometry. It has been inferred that group I disks may evolve into group II through settling of dust grains to the mid-plane of the proto-planetary disk. However, considering growing evidence for the presence of a hole or gaps in the disk of group I sources, such an evolutionary scenario is unlikely. The difference between groups I and II may reflect different evolutionary pathways of protoplanetary disks.

7 figures, Accepted by ApJ

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• Relation between metallicities and spectral energy distributions of Herbig Ae/Be stars. A potential link with planet formation
• K-band GRAVITY/VLTI interferometry of "extreme" Herbig Be stars. The size-luminosity relation revisited
• Spectroscopic and Photometric Behaviour of LP Ori
• A SPHERE survey of self-shadowed planet-forming disks
• Vertical Structure of Protoplanetary Disks in Scattered Light: A large sample analysis