The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). V. Complete observations, data reduction and analysis, detection performances, and final results

Abstract

During the past decade, state-of-the-art planet-finder instruments like SPHERE@VLT, coupling coronagraphic devices and extreme adaptive optics systems, unveiled, thanks to large surveys, around 20 planetary mass companions at semi-major axis greater than 10 astronomical units. Direct imaging being the only detection technique to be able to probe this outer region of planetary systems, the SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE) was designed and conducted from 2015 to 2021 to study the demographics of such young gas giant planets around 400 young nearby solar-type stars. In this paper, we present the observing strategy, the data quality, and the point sources analysis of the full SHINE statistical sample as well as snapSHINE. Both surveys used the SPHERE@VLT instrument with the IRDIS dual band imager in conjunction with the integral field spectrograph IFS and the angular differential imaging observing technique. All SHINE data (650 datasets), corresponding to 400 stars, including the targets of the F150 survey, are processed in a uniform manner with an advanced post-processing algorithm called PACO ASDI. An emphasis is put on the classification and identification of the most promising candidate companions. Compared to the previous early analysis SHINE F150, the use of advanced post-processing techniques significantly improved by one or 2 magnitudes (x3-x6) the contrast detection limits, which will allow us to put even tighter constraints on the radial distribution of young gas giants. This increased sensitivity directly places SHINE as the largest and deepest direct imaging survey ever conducted. We detected and classified more than 3500 physical sources. One additional substellar companion has been confirmed during the second phase of the survey (HIP 74865 B), and several new promising candidate companions are awaiting second epoch confirmations.

Accepted for publication in A&A. 19 pages, 19 figures. Abstract shortened to comply with ArxiV standards. Data ingestion at the CDS is ongoing

References in corpus (66)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• Angular Differential Imaging: a Powerful High-Contrast Imaging Technique
• Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets and Disks using Projections on Karhunen-Loeve Eigenimages
• Discovery of a planetary-mass companion within the gap of the transition disk around PDS 70
• A Giant Planet Candidate near a Young Brown Dwarf
• A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk
• SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope
• Photometric characterization of exoplanets using angular and spectral differential imaging
• Predictions of the WFIRST Microlensing Survey I: Bound Planet Detection Rates
• Direct Imaging of a Cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit around the Sun-like Star GJ 504
• A companion to AB Pic at the planet/brown dwarf boundary
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE
• Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP65426
• Performance of the VLT Planet Finder SPHERE II. Data analysis and Results for IFS in laboratory
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits. IV. Gravitational instability rarely forms wide, giant planets
• Astrometric and photometric accuracies in high contrast imaging: The SPHERE speckle calibration tool (SpeCal)
• The International Deep Planet Survey II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass
• Predictions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Exoplanet Survey II: Free-Floating Planet Detection Rates
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits: II- Survey description, results and performances
• The VLT/NaCo Large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits: I- Sample definition and characterization
• A narrow, edge-on disk resolved around HD 106906 with SPHERE
• The SEEDS Direct Imaging Survey for Planets and Scattered Dust Emission in Debris Disk Systems
• The GJ 504 system revisited. Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data
• AF Lep b: the lowest mass planet detected coupling astrometric and direct imaging data
• Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1
• Direct imaging discovery of a super-Jovian around the young Sun-like star AF Leporis
• Direct Imaging and Astrometric Detection of a Gas Giant Planet Orbiting an Accelerating Star
• Astrometric Accelerations as Dynamical Beacons: A Giant Planet Imaged Inside the Debris Disk of the Young Star AF Lep
• SPHERE/SHINE reveals concentric rings in the debris disk of HIP 73145
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE) -- II. Observations, Data reduction and analysis Detection performances and early-results
• A temperate super-Jupiter imaged with JWST in the mid-infrared
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE)- I Sample definition and target characterization
• Discovery of Seven Companions to Intermediate Mass Stars with Extreme Mass Ratios in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association
• The Young Suns Exoplanet Survey: Detection of a wide orbit planetary mass companion to a solar-type Sco-Cen member
• An Initial Mass Function for Individual Stars in Galactic Disks: I. Constraining the Shape of the IMF
• A wide-orbit giant planet in the high-mass b Centauri binary system
• Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2
• Adaptive optics imaging survey of the Tucana-Horologium association
• Unveiling the star formation history of the Upper Scorpius association through its kinematics
• Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the star HIP 64892
• Joint Constraints on Exoplanetary Orbits from Gaia DR3 and Doppler Data
• New disk discovered with VLT/SPHERE around the M star GSC 07396-00759
• Adaptive optics imaging of the MBM 12 association
• BEAST begins: Sample characteristics and survey performance of the B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study
• On the radial distribution of giant exoplanets at Solar System scales
• A scaled-up planetary system around a supernova progenitor
• New binaries from the SHINE survey
• Updated characterization of long-period single companion by combining radial velocity, relative astrometry, and absolute astrometry
• Increasing the raw contrast of VLT/SPHERE with the dark hole technique. I. Simulations and validation on the internal source
• MADYS: the Manifold Age Determination for Young Stars
• Increasing the raw contrast of VLT/SPHERE with the dark-hole technique. II. On-sky wavefront correction and coherent differential imaging
• Preparing an unsupervised massive analysis of SPHERE high contrast data with the PACO algorithm
• An Analysis of Fundamental Waffle Mode in Early AEOS Adaptive Optics Images
• Combining Gaia and GRAVITY: Characterising five new Directly Detected Substellar Companions
• In-depth direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of the young Solar System analog HD 95086
• The COBREX archival survey: improved constraints on the occurrence rate of wide-orbit substellar companions. I. A uniform re-analysis of 400 stars from the GPIES survey
• Multi techniques approach to identify and/or constrain radial velocity sub-stellar companions
• First resolved observations of a highly asymmetric debris disc around HD 160305 with VLT/SPHERE
• An imaged 15Mjup companion within a hierarchical quadruple system
• Giant planets population around B stars from the first part of the BEAST survey
• Empirical Contrast Model for High-Contrast Imaging -- A VLT/SPHERE Case Study
• On the follow-up efforts of long-period transiting planet candidates detected with Gaia astrometry
• BEAST detection of a brown dwarf and a low-mass stellar companion around the young bright B star HIP 81208
• PACOME: Optimal multi-epoch combination of direct imaging observations for joint exoplanet detection and orbit estimation

Cited by in corpus (3)

• GPI+SPHERE detection of a 6.1 $M_{\text{Jup}}$ circumbinary planet around HD 143811
• Ground-Based Mid-IR Direct Imaging: The Origin of the Thermal Background on the Keck II Telescope and Correcting Instrumental Systematics
• A 5kHz modulator for pyramid wavefront sensors