Do Two Temperature Debris Disks Have Multiple Belts?

Abstract

We present a study of debris disks whose spectra are well modelled by dust emission at two different temperatures. These disks are typically assumed to be a sign of multiple belts, which in only a few cases have been confirmed via high resolution observations. We first compile a sample of two-temperature disks to derive their properties, summarised by the ratios of the warm and cool component temperatures and fractional luminosities. The ratio of warm to cool temperatures is constant in the range 2-4, and the temperatures of both warm and cool components increases with stellar mass. We then explore whether this emission can arise from dust in a single narrow belt, with the range of temperatures arising from the size variation of grain temperatures. This model can produce two-temperature spectra for Sun-like stars, but is not supported where it can be tested by observed disk sizes and far-IR/mm spectral slopes. Therefore, while some two-temperature disks arise from single belts, it is probable that most have multiple spatial components. These disks are plausibly similar to the outer Solar System's configuration of Asteroid and Edgeworth-Kuiper belts separated by giant planets. Alternatively, the inner component could arise from inward scattering of material from the outer belt, again due to intervening planets. In either case, we suggest that the ratio of warm/cool component temperatures is indicative of the scale of outer planetary systems, which typically span a factor of about ten in radius.

accepted to MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (18)

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• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
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• ALMA observations of the narrow HR 4796A debris ring
• The unseen planets of double belt debris disk systems
• First scattered-light images of the gas-rich debris disk around 49 Ceti
• Does warm debris dust stem from asteroid belts?
• New debris disks in nearby young moving groups
• Disk Detective: Discovery of New Circumstellar Disk Candidates through Citizen Science
• Herschel Observations of Dusty Debris Disks
• What Sets the Radial Locations of Warm Debris Disks?
• Modelling the Inner Debris Disc of HR 8799
• Herschel Observations and Updated Spectral Energy Distributions of Five Sunlike Stars with Debris Disks