ALMA observations of the multiplanet system 61 Vir: What lies outside super-Earth systems?

Abstract

A decade of surveys has hinted at a possible higher occurrence rate of debris discs in systems hosting low mass planets. This could be due to common favourable forming conditions for rocky planets close in and planetesimals at large radii. In this paper we present the first resolved millimetre study of the debris disc in the 4.6 Gyr old multiplanet system 61 Vir, combining ALMA and JCMT data at 0.86 mm. We fit the data using a parametric disc model, finding that the disc of planetesimals extends from 30 AU to at least 150 AU, with a surface density distribution of millimetre sized grains with a power law slope of 0.1${}_{-0.8}^{+1.1}$. We also present a numerical collisional model that can predict the evolution of the surface density of millimetre grains for a given primordial disc, finding that it does not necessarily have the same radial profile as the total mass surface density (as previous studies suggested for the optical depth), with the former being flatter. Finally, we find that if the planetesimal disc was stirred at 150 AU by an additional unseen planet, that planet should be more massive than 10 M${}_{\oplus }$ and lie between 10-20 AU. Lower planet masses and semi-major axes down to 4 AU are possible for eccentricities $\gg$ 0.1.

arXiv comment15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (71)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• A Deep Sub-millimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• The false positive rate of Kepler and the occurrence of planets
• Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799
• The stellar activity-rotation relationship and the evolution of stellar dynamos
• Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light Years from Earth
• Catastrophic disruptions revisited
• Scattering by Interstellar Dust Grains: Optical and Ultraviolet
• The Occurrence and Mass Distribution of Close-in Super-Earths, Neptunes, and Jupiters
• Spectroscopic parameters for 451 stars in the HARPS GTO planet search program. Stellar [Fe/H] and the frequency of exo-Neptunes
• SCUBA-2: The 10000 pixel bolometer camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
• A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk
• The Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula: In-Situ Formation of Close-In Super-Earths
• How Observations of Circumstellar Disk Asymmetries Can Reveal Hidden Planets: Pericenter Glow and its Application to the HR 4796 Disk
• Debris Disk Evolution Around A Stars
• Migration and the formation of systems of hot super-Earths and Neptunes
• The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets
• SCUBA-2: iterative map-making with the Sub-Millimetre User Reduction Facility
• Migration then assembly: Formation of Neptune mass planets inside 1 AU
• Frequency of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: First Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey
• Steady-state evolution of debris disks around A stars
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the rest-frame far-infrared emission of sub-millimeter galaxies
• Variations on Debris Disks: Icy Planet Formation at 30-150 AU for 1-3 Solar Mass Main Sequence Stars
• Molecular Gas Clumps from the Destruction of Icy Bodies in the $\beta$ Pictoris Debris Disk
• The Complete Census of 70-um-Bright Debris Disks within the FEPS (Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems) Spitzer Legacy Survey of Sun-like Stars
• Toward a Deterministic Model of Planetary Formation VI: Dynamical Interaction and Coagulation of Multiple Rocky Embryos and Super-Earth Systems around Solar Type Stars
• Age dependence of the Vega Phenomenon: Theory
• DUst Around NEarby Stars. The survey observational results
• Compact starbursts in z~3-6 submillimeter galaxies revealed by ALMA
• Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS): Properties of Debris Dust around Solar-type Stars
• Long-Term Collisional Evolution of Debris Disks
• Steady-State Size Distributions for Collisional Populations: Analytical Solution with Size-Dependent Strength
• Debris disc stirring by secular perturbations from giant planets
• Collisional processes and size distribution in spatially extended debris discs
• Debris disks as signposts of terrestrial planet formation
• Exocometary gas in the HD 181327 debris ring
• Debris disk size distributions: steady state collisional evolution with P-R drag and other loss processes
• Dust in Resonant Extrasolar Kuiper Belts - Grain Size and Wavelength Dependence of Disk Structure
• Herschel imaging of 61 Vir: implications for the prevalence of debris in low-mass planetary systems
• Terrestrial Planet Formation in Disks with Varying Surface Density Profiles
• A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
• Exocometary gas structure, origin and physical properties around $\beta$ Pictoris through ALMA CO multi-transition observations
• Resolved Imaging of the HR 8799 Debris Disk with Herschel
• ALMA observations of the $\eta$ Corvi debris disc: inward scattering of CO-rich exocomets by a chain of 3-30 M${}_{\oplus }$ planets?
• A self-consistent model for the evolution of the gas produced in the debris disc of $\beta$ Pictoris
• High Resolution HST-STIS Spectra of CI and CO in the Beta Pictoris Circumstellar Disk
• Dynamical evolution of an eccentric planet and a less massive debris disc
• Incidence of debris discs around FGK stars in the solar neighbourhood
• The LABOCA survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South - radio and mid-infrared counterparts to submillimetre galaxies
• CO mass upper limits in the Fomalhaut ring - the importance of NLTE excitation in debris discs and future prospects with ALMA
• Does the presence of planets affect the frequency and properties of extrasolar Kuiper Belts? Results from the Herschel DEBRIS and DUNES surveys
• Age Determination for 346 Nearby Stars in the Herschel DEBRIS Survey
• Formation and structure of the three Neptune-mass planets system around HD69830
• Resolving the Planetesimal Belt of HR 8799 with ALMA
• Are Debris Disks and Massive Planets Correlated?
• Stirring in massive, young debris discs from spatially resolved Herschel images
• A Minimum-Mass Extrasolar Nebula
• Planet formation around stars of various masses: Hot super-Earths
• Apocenter glow in eccentric debris disks: implications for Fomalhaut and epsilon Eridani
• Collisional evolution of eccentric planetesimal swarms
• Compact dust concentration in the MWC 758 protoplanetary disk
• The AU Mic Debris Disk: far-infrared and submillimeter resolved imaging
• Herschel HIFI observations of ionised carbon in the β Pictoris debris disk
• Planetesimals in Debris Disks of Sun-like Stars
• Kuiper belt structure around nearby super-Earth host stars
• Does warm debris dust stem from asteroid belts?
• Origin and evolution of two-component debris discs and an application to the q${}^1$ Eridani system
• Dynamical Simulations of the Planetary System HD69830
• Dynamical Constraints on Outer Planets in Super-Earth Systems

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability
• SONS: The JCMT legacy survey of debris discs in the submillimetre
• A gap in the planetesimal disc around HD 107146 and asymmetric warm dust emission revealed by ALMA
• An Empirical Planetesimal Belt Radius - Stellar Luminosity Relation
• Planet populations inferred from debris discs: insights from 178 debris systems in the ISPY, LEECH and LIStEN planet-hunting surveys
• A gap in HD 92945's broad planetesimal disc revealed by ALMA
• Insights into the planetary dynamics of HD 206893 with ALMA
• ALMA 1.3 Millimeter Map of the HD 95086 System
• Constraining planetesimal stirring: how sharp are debris disc edges?
• Scattering of exocomets by a planet chain: exozodi levels and the delivery of cometary material to inner planets
• Upper limits on protolunar disc masses using ALMA observations of directly-imaged exoplanets
• Empty gaps? Depleting annular regions in debris discs by secular resonance with a two-planet system
• Kuiper Belt Analogues in Nearby M-type Planet-host Systems
• Resolving Structure in the Debris Disk around HD 206893 with ALMA
• Extrasolar Kuiper Belts
• Using warm dust to constrain unseen planets
• Inner edges of planetesimal belts: collisionally eroded or truncated?
• EMISSA -- Exploring Millimeter Indicators of Solar-Stellar Activity I. The Initial mm-cm Main Sequence Star Sample
• The big sibling of AU Mic: a cold dust-rich debris disk around CP-72 2713 in the $\beta$ Pic moving group
• Debris Disks: Probing Planet Formation
• Searching for a cometary belt around Trappist-1 with ALMA
• Planetary system architectures with low-mass inner planets: Direct imaging exploration of mature systems beyond 1 au