Simulated performance of the molecular mapping for young giant exoplanets with the Medium Resolution Spectrometer of JWST/MIRI

Abstract

Young giant planets are the best targets for characterization with direct imaging. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will give access to the first spectroscopic data for direct imaging above 5 $\mu$m with unprecedented sensitivity at a spectral resolution up to 3700. This will provide a valuable complement to near-infrared data from ground-based instruments for characterizing these objects. We aim to evaluate the performance of MIRI/MRS to detect molecules in the atmosphere of exoplanets and to constrain atmospheric parameters using Exo-REM atmospheric models. The molecular mapping technique, based on cross-correlation with synthetic models, has been introduced recently. This promising detection and characterization method is tested on simulated MIRI/MRS data. Directly imaged planets can be detected with MIRI/MRS, and we are able to detect molecules (H${}_2$O, CO, NH${}_3$, CH${}_4$, HCN, PH${}_3$, CO${}_2$) at various angular separation depending on the strength of the molecular features and brightness of the target. We find that the stellar spectral type has a weak impact on the detection level. This method is globally most efficient for planets with temperatures below 1500 K, for bright targets and angular separation greater than 1${}^{\prime \prime }$. Our parametric study allows us to anticipate the ability to characterize planets that would be detected in the future. The MIRI/MRS will give access to molecular species not yet detected in exoplanetary atmospheres. The detection of molecules as indicators of the temperature of the planets will make it possible to discriminate between the various hypotheses of the preceding studies, and the derived molecular abundance ratios should bring new constraints on planetary formation scenarios.

arXiv comment25 pages, 13 figures

References in corpus (68)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• Binary companions of evolved stars in APOGEE DR14: Search method and catalog of ~5,000 companions
• The SIMBAD astronomical database
• Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties
• Direct Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799
• Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere
• Angular Differential Imaging: a Powerful High-Contrast Imaging Technique
• Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799
• A giant planet imaged in the disk of the young star Beta Pictoris
• The orbital motion, absolute mass, and high-altitude winds of exoplanet HD209458b
• A Giant Planet Candidate near a Young Brown Dwarf
• A probable giant planet imaged in the Beta Pictoris disk
• Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy of the Exoplanets HD209458b and XO-1b Using the Wide Field Camera-3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
• The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet tau Bootis b
• Detection of Carbon Monoxide and Water Absorption Lines in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
• The imprint of exoplanet formation history on observable present-day spectra of hot Jupiters
• Detection of water absorption in the day side atmosphere of HD 189733 b using ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy at 3.2 microns
• Imaging Spectroscopy for Extrasolar Planet Detection
• Towards Chemical Constraints on Hot Jupiter Migration
• Direct Imaging of a Cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit around the Sun-like Star GJ 504
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VI: The Medium Resolution Spectrometer
• Atmospheric Chemistry in Giant Planets, Brown Dwarfs, and Low-Mass Dwarf Stars III. Iron, Magnesium, and Silicon
• Astrochemistry and compositions of planetary systems
• Combining high-dispersion spectroscopy (HDS) with high contrast imaging (HCI): Probing rocky planets around our nearest neighbors
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for JWST, II: Design and Build
• The SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE). III. The demographics of young giant exoplanets below 300 au with SPHERE
• Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Ammonia in Brown Dwarfs and Self-Luminous Giant Planets
• Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP65426
• Simultaneous Detection of Water, Methane and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of Exoplanet HR8799b
• A self-consistent cloud model for brown dwarfs and young giant exoplanets: comparison with photometric and spectroscopic observations
• Spectral and atmospheric characterization of 51 Eridani b using VLT/SPHERE
• Discovery of the Coldest Imaged Companion of a Sun-Like Star
• Peering into the formation history of beta Pictoris b with VLTI/GRAVITY long baseline interferometry
• The Young Planet-mass Object 2M1207b: a cool, cloudy, and methane-poor atmosphere
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the exoplanet HR 8799 c
• Confirmation of the planet around HD 95086 by direct imaging
• Direct confirmation of the radial-velocity planet $\beta$ Pic c
• The near-infrared spectral energy distribution of β Pictoris b
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, IX: Predicted Sensitivity
• First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. I. Detection and characterization of the sub-stellar companion GJ 758 B
• Interpreting the photometry and spectroscopy of directly imaged planets: a new atmospheric model applied to beta Pictoris b and SPHERE observations
• Medium-resolution integral-field spectroscopy for high-contrast exoplanet imaging: Molecule maps of the $\beta$ Pictoris system with SINFONI
• Thermal Infrared MMTAO Observations of the HR 8799 Planetary System
• Direct Imaging Detection of Methane in the Atmosphere of GJ 504 b
• The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, V: Predicted Performance of the MIRI Coronagraphs
• 1D atmospheric study of the temperate sub-Neptune K2-18b
• Resolving the Planetesimal Belt of HR 8799 with ALMA
• The GJ 504 system revisited. Combining interferometric, radial velocity, and high contrast imaging data
• Radial Velocity Measurements of HR 8799 b and c with Medium Resolution Spectroscopy
• In-depth study of moderately young but extremely red, very dusty substellar companion HD206893B
• Probing the Extent of Vertical Mixing in Brown Dwarf Atmospheres with Disequilibrium Chemistry
• A medium-resolution spectrum of the exoplanet HIP 65426 b
• Deep exploration of the planets HR 8799 b, c, and d with moderate resolution spectroscopy
• The Young Suns Exoplanet Survey: Detection of a wide orbit planetary mass companion to a solar-type Sco-Cen member
• Post conjunction detection of $\beta$ Pictoris b with VLT/SPHERE
• The JWST Early Release Science Program for the Direct Imaging & Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems
• Molecular mapping of the PDS70 system: No molecular absorption signatures from the forming planet PDS70 b
• Direct emission spectroscopy of exoplanets with the medium resolution imaging spectrometer on board JWST MIRI: I. Molecular mapping and sensitivity to instrumental effects
• Direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets with the ELT/HARMONI high-contrast module
• Molecule mapping of HR8799b using OSIRIS on Keck: Strong detection of water and carbon monoxide, but no methane
• Atmospheric characterization of directly imaged exoplanets with JWST/MIRI
• MIRISim: A Simulator for the Mid-Infrared Instrument on JWST
• In-depth direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of the young Solar System analog HD 95086
• High signal-to-noise spectral characterization of the planetary-mass object HD 106906 b

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Rotation and Abundances of the Benchmark Brown Dwarf HD 33632 Ab from Keck/KPIC High-resolution Spectroscopy
• A patchy CO${}_2$ exosphere on Ganymede revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope
• Machine Learning for Exoplanet Detection in High-Contrast Spectroscopy: Revealing Exoplanets by Leveraging Hidden Molecular Signatures in Cross-Correlated Spectra with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Exoplanets detection limits using spectral cross-correlation with spectro-imaging. An analytical model applied to the case of ELT-HARMONI
• Detecting Biosignatures in Nearby Rocky Exoplanets using High-Contrast Imaging and Medium-Resolution Spectroscopy with Extremely Large Telescope
• High-contrast spectroscopy with the new VLT/ERIS instrument: Molecular maps and radial velocity of the gas giant AF Lep b
• The mid-infrared spectrum of $\beta$ Pictoris b. First VLTI/MATISSE interferometric observations of an exoplanet
• Machine learning for exoplanet detection in high-contrast spectroscopy Combining cross correlation maps and deep learning on medium-resolution integral-field spectra
• Combining high-contrast imaging with high-resolution spectroscopy: Actual on-sky MIRI/MRS results compared to expectations
• Late gas released in the young Kuiper belt could have significantly contributed to the carbon enrichment of the atmospheres of Neptune and Uranus
• JWST-TST High Contrast: First Direct Spectroscopy of GJ 504 b reveals Clouds and Possible Metal Enrichment