Probing protoplanetary disk evolution in the Chamaeleon II region

Abstract

Context. Characterizing the evolution of protoplanetary disks is necessary to improve our understanding of planet formation. Constraints on both dust and gas are needed to determine the dominant disk dissipation mechanisms. Aims. We aim to compare the disk dust masses in the Chamaeleon II (Cha II) star-forming region with other regions with ages between 1 and 10Myr. Methods. We use ALMA band 6 observations (1.3 mm) to survey 29 protoplanetary disks in Cha II. Dust mass estimates are derived from the continuum data. Results. Out of our initial sample of 29 disks, we detect 22 sources in the continuum, 10 in 12CO, 3 in 13CO, and none in C18O (J=2-1). Additionally, we detect two companion candidates in the continuum and 12CO emission. Most disk dust masses are lower than 10Mearth, assuming thermal emission from optically thin dust. We compare consistent estimations of the distributions of the disk dust mass and the disk-to-stellar mass ratios in Cha II with six other low mass and isolated star-forming regions in the age range of 1-10Myr: Upper Sco, CrA, IC 348, Cha I, Lupus, and Taurus. When comparing the dust-to-stellar mass ratio, we find that the masses of disks in Cha II are statistically different from those in Upper Sco and Taurus, and we confirm that disks in Upper Sco, the oldest region of the sample, are statistically less massive than in all other regions. Performing a second statistical test of the dust mass distributions from similar mass bins, we find no statistical differences between these regions and Cha II. Conclusions. We interpret these trends, most simply, as a sign of decline in the disk dust masses with time or dust evolution. Different global initial conditions in star-forming regions may also play a role, but their impact on the properties of a disk population is difficult to isolate in star-forming regions lacking nearby massive stars.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (52)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• New evolutionary models for pre-main sequence and main sequence low-mass stars down to the hydrogen-burning limit
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• Circumstellar Dust Disks in Taurus-Auriga: The Submillimeter Perspective
• The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks I: Dust and Gas Masses
• A Revised Age for Upper Scorpius and The Star-Formation History Among the F-Type Members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association
• Gaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region
• X-Shooter spectroscopy of young stellar objects in Lupus: Accretion properties of class II and transitional objects
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• Timescale of Mass Accretion in Pre-Main-Sequence Stars
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) VI: Dust trapping in thin-ringed protoplanetary disks
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• ALMA Observations of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• The Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region
• Initial Conditions of Planet Formation: Lifetimes of Primordial Disks
• The Role of Multiplicity in Disk Evolution and Planet Formation
• A Large Catalog of Accurate Distances to Local Molecular Clouds: The Gaia DR2 Edition
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) - I : project description and continuum images at 28 au resolution
• Disk evolution in the solar neighborhood. I Disk frequencies from 1 to 100 Myr
• X-Shooter study of accretion in Chamaeleon I: II. A steeper increase of accretion with stellar mass for very low mass stars?
• Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
• Primordial Circumstellar Disks in Binary Systems: Evidence for Reduced Lifetimes
• Empirical Isochrones for Low Mass Stars in Nearby Young Associations
• Gas vs dust sizes of protoplanetary disks: effects of dust evolution
• Protoplanetary Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus as Seen From ALMA
• Distances and Kinematics of Gould Belt Star-Forming Regions with Gaia DR2 results
• The young population of the Chamaeleon II dark cloud
• The Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA): Disk Dust Mass Distributions across Protostellar Evolutionary Classes
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds.X. The Chamaeleon II Pre-Main Sequence Population as Observed With IRAC and MIPS
• ALMA survey of Class II protoplanetary disks in Corona Australis: a young region with low disk masses
• Submillimetre dust polarisation and opacity in the HD163296 protoplanetary ring system
• High gas/dust size ratio indicating efficient radial drift in the mm-faint CX Tau disk
• Dust masses of disks around 8 Brown Dwarfs and Very Low-Mass Stars in Upper Sco OB1 and Ophiuchus
• Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions
• Measuring the ratio of the gas and dust emission radii of protoplanetary disks in the Lupus star-forming region
• Modeling protoplanetary disk SEDs with artificial neural networks: Revisiting the viscous disk model and updated disk masses
• Corona-Australis DANCe. I. Revisiting the census of stars with Gaia-DR2 data
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024: Evidence for two populations
• Lupus DANCe. Census of stars and 6D structure with Gaia-DR2 data
• The first ALMA survey of protoplanetary discs at 3 mm: demographics of grain growth in the Lupus region
• Alma Survey Of Circumstellar Disks In The Young Stellar Cluster IC 348
• Chamaeleon DANCe. Revisiting the stellar populations of Chamaeleon I and Chamaeleon II with Gaia-DR2 data
• Disk masses in the Orion Molecular Cloud-2: distinguishing time and environment
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA). II. The effect of stellar multiplicity on disc properties
• A 80 au cavity in the disk around HD 34282
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641
• Protostars and stars in the Coronet cluster: Age, evolution, and cluster structure
• An ALMA survey of $\lambda$ Orionis disks: from supernovae to planet formation
• An SMA Continuum Survey of Circumstellar Disks in the Serpens Star-Forming Region

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Disc population synthesis: Decrease in the solid mass reservoir through pebble drift
• Determining Dust Properties in Protoplanetary Disks: SED-derived Masses and Settling With ALMA
• Crescent-Shaped Molecular Outflow from the Intermediate-mass Protostar DK Cha Revealed by ALMA
• Protostellar and Protoplanetary Disk Masses in the Serpens Region
• A giant planet shaping the disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
• There is no disk mass budget problem of planet formation
• An SMA Survey of Chemistry in Disks around Herbig AeBe Stars
• Gas distribution in ODISEA sources from ALMA long-baseline observations in ${}^{12}$CO(2-1)
• The evolution of the flux-size relationship in protoplanetary discs by viscous evolution and radial pebble drift
• Takeout and Delivery: Erasing the Dusty Signature of Late-stage Terrestrial Planet Formation
• The Effect of Accretion Rate and Composition on the Structure of Ice-rich Super-Earths
• Measuring Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Serpens and L1641/L1647 with ALMA