An SMA Survey of Chemistry in Disks around Herbig AeBe Stars

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks around Herbig AeBe stars are exciting targets for studying the chemical environments where giant planets form. Save for a few disks, however, much of Herbig AeBe disk chemistry is an open frontier. We present a Submillimeter Array (SMA) $\sim$213-268 GHz pilot survey of mm continuum, CO isotopologues, and other small molecules in disks around five Herbig AeBe stars (HD 34282, HD 36112, HD 38120, HD 142666, and HD 144432). We detect or tentatively detect ${}^{12}$CO 2--1 and ${}^{13}$CO 2--1 from four disks; C${}^{18}$O 2--1 and HCO${}^{+}$ 3--2 from three disks; HCN 3--2, CS 5--4, and DCO${}^{+}$ 3--2 from two disks; and C${}_2$H 3--2 and DCN 3--2 from one disk each. H${}_2$CO 3--2 is undetected at the sensitivity of our observations. The mm continuum images of HD 34282 suggest a faint, unresolved source $\sim$5\farcs0 away, which could arise from a distant orbital companion or an extended spiral arm. We fold our sample into a compilation of T Tauri and Herbig AeBe/F disks from the literature. Altogether, most line fluxes generally increase with mm continuum flux. Line flux ratios between CO 2--1 isotopologues are nearest to unity for the Herbig AeBe/F disks. This may indicate emitting layers with relatively similar, warmer temperatures and more abundant CO relative to disk dust mass. Lower HCO${}^{+}$ 3--2 flux ratios may reflect less ionization in Herbig AeBe/F disks. Smaller detection rates and flux ratios for DCO${}^{+}$ 3--2, DCN 3--2, and H${}_2$CO 3--2 suggest smaller regimes of cold chemistry around the luminous Herbig AeBe/F stars.

43 pages (23 pages in the main document, 20 pages in the appendix), 16 figures, 16 tables. Accepted in ApJ (February 2023)

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