Measuring Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Serpens and L1641/L1647 with ALMA

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks are an essential component of the planet-formation process. The amount of dust and gas in the disk constrains the number and size of planets that can form in a system. We analyze 178 T-Tauri stars, 18 in Serpens and 160 in L1641/L1647, and measure their disk dust masses using spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling and multiwavelength data, including 1.3 mm (ALMA band 6) fluxes from the literature. The disk masses calculated in this work are up to $\sim$2 times higher than those previously reported. We conclude that this is because disks may be partially optically thick at millimeter wavelengths while most calculations of the disk mass assume that the disk is optically thin at 1.3 mm. We calculate optical depths at 1.3 and 7 mm for a subset of the Serpens and L1641/L1647 disk sample and show that the vast majority of disks become optically thin at longer millimeter wavelengths; thus, observations at 7 mm (i.e., ALMA band 1) are vital to better characterize disk dust masses.

arXiv comment30 pages, 13 figures

References in corpus (97)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
• Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
• Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• Intrinsic Colors, Temperatures, and Bolometric Corrections of Pre-Main Sequence Stars
• The SIMBAD astronomical database
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) 0: Methods for the construction of stellar isochrones
• The VizieR database of Astronomical Catalogues
• The Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The Sixteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
• First Results from High Angular Resolution ALMA Observations Toward the HL Tau Region
• Gaia Early Data Release 3: Parallax bias versus magnitude, colour, and position
• The Keck Planet Search: Detectability and the Minimum Mass and Orbital Period Distribution of Extrasolar Planets
• Circumstellar Dust Disks in Taurus-Auriga: The Submillimeter Perspective
• The Mass Dependence Between Protoplanetary Disks and their Stellar Hosts
• Gas- and dust evolution in protoplanetary disks
• Accretion Disks around Young Objects. I. The Detailed Vertical Structure
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks I: Dust and Gas Masses
• Accretion Disks Around Young Objects. III. Grain Growth
• The Second-Generation Guide Star Catalog: Description and Properties
• From Molecular Cores to Planet-forming Disks: A SIRTF Legacy Program
• Accretion Disks Around Young Objects. II. Tests of Well-Mixed Models with Ism Dust
• Gaia Data Release 2: first stellar parameters from Apsis
• The Spitzer Space Telescope Survey of the Orion A & B Molecular Clouds - Part I: A Census of Dusty Young Stellar Objects and a Study of their Mid-IR Variability
• A Steeper than Linear Disk Mass-Stellar Mass Scaling Relation
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation for Giant Planets
• Effects of Dust Growth and Settling in T Tauri Disks
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in the $\sigma$ Orionis Cluster
• Dynamic temperature selection for parallel-tempering in Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations
• CASSIS: The Cornell Atlas of Spitzer/IRS Sources
• Young Stellar Objects in the Gould Belt
• ALMA Observations of Circumstellar Disks in the Upper Scorpius OB Association
• The Role of Multiplicity in Disk Evolution and Planet Formation
• Star and protoplanetary disk properties in Orion's suburbs
• The Truncated Disk of CoKu Tau/4
• The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) - I : project description and continuum images at 28 au resolution
• Why do protoplanetary disks appear not massive enough to form the known exoplanet population?
• Gaia Data Release 3: Analysis of the Gaia BP/RP spectra using the General Stellar Parameterizer from Photometry
• A Resolved Census of Millimeter Emission from Taurus Multiple Star Systems
• Dust masses of young disks: constraining the initial solid reservoir for planet formation
• Four annular structures in a protostellar disk less than 500,000 years old
• The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Insterstellar Clouds. IX. The Serpens YSO Population As Observed With IRAC and MIPS
• Observational $5-20\mu$m Interstellar Extinction Curves Toward Star-Forming Regions Derived from Spitzer IRS Spectra
• CO and dust properties in the TW Hya disk from high-resolution ALMA observations
• The Gaia astrophysical parameters inference system (Apsis). Pre-launch description
• Primordial Circumstellar Disks in Binary Systems: Evidence for Reduced Lifetimes
• Zoom-Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks starting from GMC scales
• Young Stellar Objects in Lynds 1641: Disks, Accretion, and Star Formation History
• Characterizing the dust content of disk substructures in TW Hya
• Resolved young binary systems and their disks
• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Late infall causing disk misalignment and dynamic structures in SU Aur
• The Mass Budget of Planet Forming Discs: Isolating the Epoch of Planetesimal Formation
• Refining the Census of the Upper Scorpius Association with Gaia
• Protoplanetary Disks in $\rho$ Ophiuchus as Seen From ALMA
• The Ophiuchus DIsk Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA): Disk Dust Mass Distributions across Protostellar Evolutionary Classes
• ALMA survey of Class II protoplanetary disks in Corona Australis: a young region with low disk masses
• Optical Characterization of a New Young Stellar Population in the Serpens Molecular Cloud
• Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars from spectral energy distributions and Gaia EDR3
• The protoplanetary disk population in the rho-Ophiuchi region L1688 and the time evolution of Class II YSOs
• Spiral Arms and a Massive Dust Disk with non-Keplerian Kinematics: Possible Evidence for Gravitational Instability in the Disk of Elias 2-27
• Far-infrared to millimeter data of protoplanetary disks: dust growth in the Taurus, Ophiuchus, and Chamaeleon I star-forming regions
• Transitional disks and their origins: an infrared spectroscopic survey of Orion A
• The Low-mass Stellar Population in L1641: Evidence for Environmental Dependence of the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• Modeling protoplanetary disk SEDs with artificial neural networks: Revisiting the viscous disk model and updated disk masses
• VISION - Vienna survey in Orion. III. Young stellar objects in Orion A
• Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
• The determination of protoplanetary disk masses
• Evidence for Environmental Dependence of the Upper Stellar Initial Mass Function in Orion A
• Alma Survey Of Circumstellar Disks In The Young Stellar Cluster IC 348
• Turbulence, Coherence and Collapse: Three Phases for Core Evolution
• An ALMA Survey of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641
• The Effect of Binarity on Circumstellar Disk Evolution
• The ALMA Lupus protoplanetary disk survey: evidence for compact gas disks and molecular rings from CN
• On the underestimation of dust mass in protoplanetary disks: Effects of disk structure and dust properties
• Observational constraints on disc sizes in protoplanetary discs in multiple systems in the Taurus region. II. Gas disc sizes
• Measuring the Dust Masses of Protoplanetary Disks in Lupus with ALMA: Evidence that Disks can be Optically Thick at 3 mm
• Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA) I: Cloud-level demographics of 873 protoplanetary disks
• A Gaia Survey for Young Stars Associated with the Lupus Clouds
• The Frequency Of Binary Star Interlopers Amongst Transitional Discs
• The ALMA view of MP Mus (PDS 66): a protoplanetary disk with no visible gaps down to 4 au scales
• Determining Dust Properties in Protoplanetary Disks: SED-derived Masses and Settling With ALMA
• Probing protoplanetary disk evolution in the Chamaeleon II region
• IN-SYNC. VIII. Primordial Disk Frequencies in NGC 1333, IC 348, and the Orion A Molecular Cloud
• Herschel Observations of Protoplanetary Disks in Lynds 1641
• The Physical Structure of Protoplanetary Disks: the Serpens Cluster Compared with Other Regions
• Protostellar and Protoplanetary Disk Masses in the Serpens Region
• There is no disk mass budget problem of planet formation
• Disk dissipation, giant planet formation and star-formation-rate fluctuations in the past three-million-year history of Gould's Belt

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Exploring the conditions for forming planetesimals by the streaming instability and planetary systems by pebble accretion