How does the Polar Dust affect the Correlation between Dust Covering Factor and Eddington Ratio in Type 1 Quasars Selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16?

Abstract

We revisit the dependence of covering factor (CF) of dust torus on physical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by taking into account an AGN polar dust emission. The CF is converted from a ratio of infrared (IR) luminosity contributed from AGN dust torus ($L_{\mathrm{IR}}^{\mathrm{torus}}$) and AGN bolometric luminosity ($L_{\mathrm{bol}}$), by assuming a non-linear relation between luminosity ratio and intrinsic CF. We select 37,181 type 1 quasars at $z<0.7$ from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 quasar catalog. Their $L_{\mathrm{bol}}$, black hole mass ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$), and Eddington ratio (${\lambda }_{\mathrm{Edd}}$) are derived by spectral fitting with QSFit. We conduct spectral energy distribution decomposition by using X-CIGALE with clumpy torus and polar dust model to estimate $L_{\mathrm{IR}}^{\mathrm{torus}}$ without being affected by the contribution of stellar and AGN polar dust to IR emission. For 5720 quasars whose physical quantities are securely determined, we perform a correlation analysis on CF and (i) $L_{\mathrm{bol}}$, (ii) $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$, and (iii) ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{Edd}}$. As a result, anti-correlations for CF-$L_{\mathrm{bol}}$, CF-$M_{\mathrm{BH}}$, and CF-${\lambda }_{\mathrm{Edd}}$ are confirmed. We find that incorporating the AGN polar dust emission makes those anti-correlations stronger which are compared to those without considering it. This indicates that polar dust wind provably driven by AGN radiative pressure is one of the key components to regulate obscuring material of AGNs.

20 pages, 14 figures, and 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ. Physical properties (e.g., BH mass, Eddington ratio, IR luminosity) of 37,181 quasars at z < 0.7 selected from the SDSS DR16 will be available as a Machine-readable table

References in corpus (39)

• The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS)
• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations
• AGN Dusty Tori: I. Handling of Clumpy Media
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Sixteenth Data Release
• Photometric redshift and classification for the XMM-COSMOS sources
• Absorption Properties and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• unWISE: unblurred coadds of the WISE imaging
• The close environments of accreting massive black holes are shaped by radiative feedback
• SKIRT: an Advanced Dust Radiative Transfer Code with a User-Friendly Architecture
• X-CIGALE: fitting AGN/galaxy SEDs from X-ray to infrared
• Resolving the complex structure of the dust torus in the active nucleus of the Circinus galaxy
• Dust covering factor, silicate emission and star formation in luminous QSOs
• Constraining the properties of AGN host galaxies with Spectral Energy Distribution modeling
• Suzaku Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected in the Swift/BAT Survey: Discovery of "New Type" of Buried Supermassive Black Holes
• High-redshift AGN in the Chandra Deep Fields: the obscured fraction and space density of the sub-$L_{\ast }$ population
• The host galaxies of luminous quasars
• On the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ main sequence archetypal star-formation history and analytical models
• Characterizing the UV-to-NIR shape of the dust attenuation curve of IR luminous galaxies up to z$\sim$2
• Revisiting the relationship between 6 μm and 2-10 keV continuum luminosities of AGN
• Multi-phase Nature of a Radiation-Driven Fountain with Nuclear Starburst in a Low-mass Active Galactic Nucleus
• Impact of star formation history on the measurement of star formation rates
• Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Circumnuclear Disks
• Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus -- II. A thin dusty disc and a polar outflow on parsec scales
• Determining the covering factor of Compton-thick active galactic nuclei with NuSTAR
• Luminosity and Redshift Dependence of the Covering Factor of AGNs viewed with WISE and SDSS
• Cold dust and stellar emissions in dust-rich galaxies observed with ALMA: a challenge for SED-fitting techniques
• Time-resolved infrared emission from radiation-driven central obscuring structures in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The distribution of absorption in AGN detected in the XMM-Newton observations of the CDFS
• Survival of the obscuring torus in the most powerful active galactic nuclei
• The narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line and the molecular torus in active galactic nuclei - an IR/X-ray view
• Does the mid-infrared-hard X-ray luminosity relation for active galactic nuclei depend on Eddington ratio?
• Search for Optically Dark Infrared Galaxies without Counterparts of Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field
• Dust attenuation up to z~2 in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Field
• NuSTAR Discovery of a Compton-thick Dust-obscured Galaxy WISE J0825+3002
• Obscuring fraction of active galactic nuclei implied by supernova and radiative feedbacks
• Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam View of Quasar Host Galaxies at z < 1
• The Near-Infrared CO Absorption Band as a Probe to the Innermost Part of an AGN Obscuring Material
• SOFIA/HAWC+ View of an Extremely Luminous Infrared Galaxy, WISE1013+6112

Cited by in corpus (29)

• Fitting AGN/galaxy X-ray-to-radio SEDs with CIGALE and improvement of the code
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS) I. ALMA images of dusty molecular tori in Seyfert galaxies
• Comprehensive Broadband X-ray and Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in Local 57 Ultra/luminous Infrared Galaxies Observed with NuSTAR and/or Swift/BAT
• BASS XXXVII: The role of radiative feedback in the growth and obscuration properties of nearby supermassive black holes
• Polar dust obscuration in broad-line active galaxies from the XMM-XXL field
• X-ray radiative transfer in full 3D with SKIRT
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): A multiwavelength view of WISE mid-infrared galaxies/active galactic nuclei
• Deciphering the imprint of AGN feedback in Seyfert galaxies: Nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits
• Hard X-Ray to Radio Multiwavelength SED Analysis of Local U/LIRGs in GOALS Sample with Self-consistent AGN Model Including Polar-dust Component
• XXL-HSC: The link between AGN activity and star formation in the Early Universe ($z⩾3.5$)
• The Obscured Fraction of Quasars at Cosmic Noon
• Mid-infrared Variability of Low-redshift Active Galactic Nuclei : Constraints on a Hot Dust Component with a Variable Covering Factor
• Mid-Infrared Outbursts in Nearby Galaxies: Nuclear Obscuration and Connections to Hidden Tidal Disruption Events and Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei
• SHELLQs. Bridging the Gap: JWST Unveils Obscured Quasars in the Most Luminous Galaxies at z > 6
• XXL-HSC: An updated catalogue of high-redshift ($z⩾3.5$) X-ray AGN in the XMM-XXL northern field. Constraints on the bright end of the soft logN-logS
• Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus IV. MUSE NFM observations unveil a tuning-fork ionised gas morphology
• Optical IFU Observations of GOALS Sample with KOOLS-IFU on Seimei Telescope: Initial results of 9 U/LIRGs at $z<$ 0.04
• A population of Optically Quiescent Quasars from WISE and SDSS
• The near-infrared SED of blue quasars: what drives the evolution of the dusty torus?
• AGN orientation through the spectroscopic correlations and model of dusty cone shell
• Ensemble Mapping the Inner Structure of Luminous Quasars
• Probing the rapid formation of black holes and their galaxy hosts in QSOs
• The viewing angle in AGN SED models, a data-driven analysis
• The disk-torus system in active galactic nuclei: possible evidence of highly spinning black holes
• Do blue galaxy-clusters have hot intracluster gas?
• Implication of a galaxy-scale negative feedback by one of the most powerful multi-phase outflows in a hyper-luminous infrared galaxy at the intermediate redshift
• The optical-infrared relation for active galactic nuclei: The role of contaminations
• Constraining the AGN tori at cosmic noon using high-resolution JWST imaging and simultaneous SED fitting
• The properties of the obscuring material of an AGNs sample from mid-IR and X-ray simultaneous fitting