Comprehensive Broadband X-ray and Multiwavelength Study of Active Galactic Nuclei in Local 57 Ultra/luminous Infrared Galaxies Observed with NuSTAR and/or Swift/BAT

Abstract

We perform a systematic X-ray spectroscopic analysis of 57 local ultra/luminous infrared galaxy systems (containing 84 individual galaxies) observed with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and/or Swift/BAT. Combining soft X-ray data obtained with Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku and/or Swift/XRT, we identify 40 hard ($>$10 keV) X-ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and constrain their torus parameters with the X-ray clumpy torus model XCLUMPY (Tanimoto et al. 2019). Among the AGNs at $z<0.03$, for which sample biases are minimized, the fraction of Compton-thick ($N_{\mathrm{H}}\ge 10^{24}$ cm${}^{-2}$) AGNs reaches 64${}_{-15}^{+14}$% (6/9 sources) in late mergers, while 24${}_{-10}^{+12}$% (3/14 sources) in early mergers, consistent with the tendency reported by Ricci et al. (2017). We find that the bolometric AGN luminosities derived from the infrared data increase, but the X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratios decrease, with merger stage. The X-ray weak AGNs in late mergers ubiquitously show massive outflows at sub-pc to kpc scales. Among them, the most luminous AGNs ($L_{\mathrm{bol},\mathrm{AGN}}\sim 10^{46}$ erg s${}^{-1}$) have relatively small column densities of $\lesssim$10${}^{23}$ cm${}^{-2}$ and almost super-Eddington ratios (${\lambda }_{\mathrm{Edd}}\sim$ 1.0). Their torus covering factors ($C_{\mathrm{T}}^{(22)}\sim 0.6$) are larger than those of Swift/BAT selected AGNs with similarly high Eddington ratios. These results suggest a scenario that, in the final stage of mergers, multiphase strong outflows are produced due to chaotic quasi-spherical inflows and the AGN becomes extremely X-ray weak and deeply buried due to obscuration by inflowing and/or outflowing material.

arXiv comment85 pages, 88 figures, accepted in ApJS

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• Ray-tracing simulations and spectral models of X-ray radiation in dusty media
• The Obscured Fraction of Quasars at Cosmic Noon
• Accretion properties of X-ray AGN: Evidence for radiation-regulated obscuration with redshift-dependent host galaxy contribution
• Compton-thick AGN in the NuSTAR Era. IX. A Joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Analysis of Four Local AGN
• The Role of AGN in Luminous Infrared Galaxies from the Multiwavelength Perspective
• Broadband X-ray Spectral Analysis of the Dual AGN System Mrk 739
• BASS XLVII: 22 GHz Radio Atlas of Swift-BAT Selected AGN
• Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in the local Universe
• A nearly constant CN/HCN line ratio in nearby galaxies: CN as a new tracer of dense gas
• Optical IFU Observations of GOALS Sample with KOOLS-IFU on Seimei Telescope: Initial results of 9 U/LIRGs at $z<$ 0.04
• Warm Molecular Gas in the Central Parsecs of the Buried Nucleus of NGC 4418 Traced with the Fundamental CO Ro-vibrational Absorptions
• The JWST/NIRSpec view of the nuclear region in the prototypical merging galaxy NGC 6240
• Probing the roles of orientation and multi-scale gas distributions in shaping the obscuration of Active Galactic Nuclei through cosmic time
• ALMA Sub-arcsec-resolution 183 GHz H2O and Dense Molecular Line Observations of Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Update of the INTEGRAL/IBIS AGN catalogue: deeper on the Galactic plane and wider beyond
• Ray-tracing simulations of the Soft X-ray Scattered Emission in obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Compton-thick AGN luminosity function in the local Universe: A robust estimate combining BAT detections and NuSTAR spectra
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Properties of Millimeter Galaxies Hosting X-ray Detected Active Galactic Nuclei
• Broadband X-ray Spectral Study of Nuclear Structure in Local Obscured Radio Galaxies
• A Systematic Search for X-ray Eclipse Events in Active Galactic Nuclei Observed by Swift
• Systematic Study of the Inner Structure of Molecular Tori in Nearby U/LIRGs using Velocity Decomposition of CO Rovibrational Absorption Lines
• Source identification for the Swift-BAT 150-month hard X-ray catalog using soft X-ray observations
• AstroSat observations of interacting galaxies NGC 7469 and IC 5283
• Probing Heavily Obscured AGN in Major Galaxy Mergers Using the mm-X-ray Correlation
• The X-ray statistical properties of dust-obscured galaxies detected by eROSITA