Hard X-Ray to Radio Multiwavelength SED Analysis of Local U/LIRGs in GOALS Sample with Self-consistent AGN Model Including Polar-dust Component

Abstract

We conduct a hard X-ray to radio multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) decomposition for 57 local luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) observed with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and/or Swift/Burst Alert Telescope in GOALS (Armus et al. 2009) sample. We modify the latest SED-fitting code X-CIGALE by implementing the infrared (IR) CLUMPY model, allowing the multiwavelength study with the X-ray torus model (XCLUMPY) self-consistently. Adopting the torus parameters obtained by the X-ray fitting (Yamada et al. 2021), we estimate the properties of host galaxies, active galactic nucleus (AGN) tori, and polar dust. The star formation rates (SFRs) become larger with merger stage and most of them are above the main sequence. The SFRs are correlated with radio luminosity, indicating starburst emission is dominant in the radio band. Although polar-dust extinction is much smaller than torus extinction, the UV-to-IR (mainly IR) polar dust luminosities are $\sim$2 times larger than the torus ones. The polar-dust temperature decreases while the physical size, estimated by the temperature and dust sublimation radius, increases with AGN luminosity from a few tens of parsec (early mergers) to kiloparsec scales (late mergers), where the polar dust is likely the expanding (i.e., evolving) dusty outflows. The comparison between SFRs and intrinsic AGN luminosities suggests that the starbursts occur first and AGNs arise later, and overall their growth rates follow the simultaneous coevolution relation that can establish the local galaxy-SMBH mass relation. We confirm the coexistence of intense starbursts, AGNs, and large-scale outflows in late mergers, supporting a standard AGN feedback scenario.

arXiv comment84 pages (5 tables/29 figures in the main text and 8 tables/18 figures in the Appendix), accepted in ApJS

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• The hyperluminous Compton-thick $z\sim 2$ quasar nucleus of the hot DOG W1835+4355 observed by NuSTAR
• Subaru Adaptive-optics High-spatial-resolution Infrared K- and L'-band Imaging Search for Deeply Buried Dual AGNs in Merging Galaxies
• NuSTAR Discovery of a Compton-thick Dust-obscured Galaxy WISE J0825+3002
• Probing the Structure and Evolution of BASS AGN through Eddington Ratios
• Kinetic energy transfer from X-ray ultrafast outflows to mm/sub-mm cold molecular outflows in Seyfert galaxies
• The Evolution of M_*/M_BH Between z=2 and z=0
• The WISSH quasars project X. Discovery of a multi-component and highly-variable UV ultra-fast outflow in a z=3.6 quasar
• Application of Clumpy Torus Model to Broadband X-ray Spectra of Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies: IC 4329A and NGC 7469
• GALEX UV Spectroscopy and Deep Imaging of LIRGs in the ELAIS S1 field
• Origin and evolution of dust-obscured galaxies in galaxy mergers
• X-ray properties of dust-obscured galaxies with broad optical/UV emission lines
• A study of X-ray emission of galaxies hosting molecular outflows (MOX sample)
• A multiwavelength-motivated X-ray model for the Circinus Galaxy
• Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in "Non-merging'' Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy
• The infrared to X-ray correlation spectra of unobscured type 1 active galactic nuclei
• Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies
• No sign of strong molecular gas outflow in an infrared-bright dust-obscured galaxy with strong ionized-gas outflow
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey-XXIII. A New Mid-Infrared Diagnostic for Absorption in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Near-Infrared CO Absorption Band as a Probe to the Innermost Part of an AGN Obscuring Material
• A Very Large Array Survey of Luminous Extranuclear Star-forming Regions in Luminous Infrared Galaxies in GOALS
• Broadband X-ray Spectral Analysis of the Double-Nucleus Luminous Infrared Galaxy Mrk 463
• Mass accretion toward black holes in the final phase of galaxy mergers
• The Role of AGN in Luminous Infrared Galaxies from the Multiwavelength Perspective
• Parsec-scale obscuring accretion disk with large scale magnetic field in AGN
• First Views of a Nearby LIRG: Star Formation and Molecular Gas in IRAS 04296+2923
• X-ray signatures of the polar dusty gas in AGN
• The physical properties of local (U)LIRGs: a comparison with nearby early- and late-type galaxies
• Mid-infrared interferometry of Seyfert galaxies: Challenging the Standard Model
• A Compton-thick nucleus in the dual AGN of Mrk 266
• Nustar view of the central region of the Perseus cluster
• Luminosity Ratio between [O IV] 25.89 um Line and Nuclear Continuum 12 um as Diagnostic for "Buried" AGN
• The spatially resolved stellar population and ionized gas properties in the merger LIRG NGC 2623
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): An X-ray bright, extremely luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.87
• The spatially offset quasar E1821+643: New evidence for gravitational recoil
• Infrared polarimetry of Mrk 231: Scattering off hot dust grains in the central core
• Tracing the co-evolution path of super massive black holes and spheroids with AKARI-selected ultra-luminous IR galaxies at intermediate redshifts
• Broadband X-ray Spectral Analysis of the Dual AGN System Mrk 739
• Hard X-ray Irradiation Potentially Drives Negative AGN Feedback by Altering Molecular Gas Properties
• IRAS F13308+5946: A Possible Transition Phase From Type I ULIRG To Optical Quasar
• VV 655 and NGC 4418: Implications of an interaction for the evolution of a LIRG
• Subaru Infrared Adaptive Optics-assisted High-spatial-resolution Imaging Search for Luminous Dual Active Galactic Nuclei in Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Torus Constraints in ANEPD-CXO245: A Compton-thick AGN with Double-Peaked Narrow Lines
• Probing dynamics and thermal properties inside molecular tori with CO rovibrational absorption lines
• Measurement of AGN dust extinction based on the near-infrared flux variability of WISE data
• Optical IFU Observations of GOALS Sample with KOOLS-IFU on Seimei Telescope: Initial results of 9 U/LIRGs at $z<$ 0.04

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Constraining AGN Torus Sizes with Optical and Mid-Infrared Ensemble Structure Functions
• Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in the local Universe
• Probing the roles of orientation and multi-scale gas distributions in shaping the obscuration of Active Galactic Nuclei through cosmic time
• Updated Picture of the Active Galactic Nuclei with Dusty/Dust-free Gas Structures and Effects of the Radiation Pressure
• Spectral Energy Distribution Modeling of Broad Emission Line Quasars: From X-ray to Radio Wavelengths
• AstroSat observations of interacting galaxies NGC 7469 and IC 5283
• The X-ray statistical properties of dust-obscured galaxies detected by eROSITA
• Finding the evolutionary link between ULIRGs and radio galaxies