The Complete Infrared View of Active Galactic Nuclei from the 70-month Swift/BAT Catalog

Abstract

We systematically investigate the near- (NIR) to far-infrared (FIR) photometric properties of a nearly complete sample of local active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected in the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) all-sky ultra hard X-ray (14-195 keV) survey. Out of 606 non-blazar AGN in the Swift/BAT 70-month catalog at high galactic latitude of $|b|>10^{\circ }$, we obtain IR photometric data of 604 objects by cross-matching the AGN positions with catalogs from the WISE, AKARI, IRAS, and Herschel infrared observatories. We find a good correlation between the ultra-hard X-ray and mid-IR (MIR) luminosities over five orders of magnitude ($41<\log (L_{14-195}/\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1})<46$). Informed by previous measures of the intrinsic spectral energy distribution of AGN, we find FIR pure-AGN candidates whose FIR emission is thought to be AGN-dominated with low starformation activity. We demonstrate that the dust covering factor decreases with the bolometric AGN luminosity, confirming the luminosity-dependent unified scheme. We also show that the completeness of the WISE color-color cut in selecting Swift/BAT AGN increases strongly with 14-195 keV luminosity.

arXiv comment24 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. The full list of Table 1 is available at http://www.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~ichikawa/table1_MRT.txt

References in corpus (114)

• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) Mission
• The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
• The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
• The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the Swift MIDEX Mission
• Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
• An Observational Determination of the Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function
• Cosmological Evolution of the Hard X-ray AGN Luminosity Function and the Origin of the Hard X-ray Background
• Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galaxies
• Mid-Infrared Selection of AGN with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. I. Characterizing WISE-Selected AGN in COSMOS
• AGN Dusty Tori: II. Observational Implications of Clumpiness
• Obscured and unobscured active galactic nuclei in the Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey
• Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations
• Identifying Luminous AGN in Deep Surveys: Revised IRAC Selection Criteria
• The 70 Month Swift-BAT All-Sky Hard X-Ray Survey
• AGN Dusty Tori: I. Handling of Clumpy Media
• Piecing Together the X-ray Background: Bolometric Corrections for Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dust Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Herschel PEP/HerMES Luminosity Function. I: Probing the Evolution of PACS selected Galaxies to z~4
• Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galactic Nuclei with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. II. Properties of WISE-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the NDWFS Boötes Field
• The dust covering factor in active galactic nuclei
• Defining the intrinsic AGN infrared spectral energy distribution and measuring its contribution to the infrared output of composite galaxies
• The Infrared Camera (IRC) for AKARI - Design and Imaging Performance
• Three-dimensional radiative transfer modeling of AGN dusty tori as a clumpy two-phase medium
• Black hole variability and the star formation-AGN connection: Do all star-forming galaxies host an AGN?
• Using the Bright Ultra-Hard XMM-Newton Survey to define an IR selection of luminous AGN based on WISE colours
• Resolving the mid-infrared cores of local Seyferts
• The 5th edition of the Roma-BZCAT. A short presentation
• Three years Swift-BAT Survey of AGN: reconciling theory and observations?
• Compton-thick Accretion in the local Universe
• Obscuration-dependent evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The relation between AGN hard X-ray emission and mid-infrared continuum from ISO spectra: Scatter and unification aspects
• The Far-Infrared Surveyor (FIS) for AKARI
• The Mean Star Formation Rate of X-ray selected Active Galaxies and its Evolution from z=2.5: Results from PEP-Herschel
• Dust covering factor, silicate emission and star formation in luminous QSOs
• X-ray Spectral Properties of the BAT AGN Sample
• The luminosity dependence of the Type 1 AGN fraction
• Radiative Transfer Modeling of Three-Dimensional Clumpy AGN Tori and its Application to NGC 1068
• The hidden "AGN main sequence": Evidence for a universal black hole accretion to star formation rate ratio since z~2 producing a M_BH-M* relation
• Torus and AGN properties of nearby Seyfert galaxies: Results from fitting IR spectral energy distributions and spectroscopy
• Dusty Structure Around Type-I Active Galactic Nuclei: Clumpy Torus Narrow Line Region and Near-Nucleus Hot Dust
• Accretion and star formation rates in low redshift type-II active galactic nuclei
• Chasing highly obscured QSOs in the COSMOS field
• Dust in the polar region as a major contributor to the IR emission of AGN
• The dusty heart of nearby active galaxies -- II. From clumpy torus models to physical properties of dust around AGN
• Three-dimensional radiative transfer models of clumpy tori in Seyfert galaxies
• Mid-Infrared Spectra of Classical AGN Observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope
• The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei: II. The mid-infrared--X-ray correlation
• A correlation between star formation rate and average black hole accretion in star forming galaxies
• The Prevalence of Gas Outflows in Type 2 AGNs
• The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei: I. The N- and Q-band imaging atlas
• Hot Graphite Dust and the Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Testing the Unification Model for AGN in the Infrared: are the obscuring tori of Type 1 and 2 Seyferts different?
• A remarkably flat relationship between the average star formation rate and AGN luminosity for distant X-ray AGN
• Suzaku Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected in the Swift/BAT Survey: Discovery of "New Type" of Buried Supermassive Black Holes
• Star formation in AGN hosts in GOODS-N
• Identification of 1.4 Million AGNs in the Mid-Infrared using WISE Data
• Parsec-scale dust emission from the polar region in the type 2 nucleus of NGC 424
• Submillimeter Follow-up of WISE-Selected Hyperluminous Galaxies
• HerMES: Far-infrared properties of known AGN in the HerMES fields
• Black-Hole Mass and Growth Rate at High Redshift
• The Obscured Fraction of AGN in the XMM-COSMOS Survey: A Spectral Energy Distribution Perspective
• The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei: III. Polar dust emission
• Measuring the Fraction of Obscured Quasars by the Infrared Luminosity of Unobscured Quasars
• Spitzer IRS spectra of a large sample of Seyfert galaxies: a variety of infrared SEDs in the local AGN population
• The X-Ray to Mid-Infrared Relation of AGN at High Luminosity
• The Second INTEGRAL AGN Catalogue
• Mid-infrared interferometry of 23 AGN tori: On the significance of polar-elongated emission
• A large population of mid-infrared selected, obscured active galaxies in the Bootes field
• AKARI IRC infrared 2.5-5 micron spectroscopy of a large sample of luminous infrared galaxies
• Revisiting the relationship between 6 μm and 2-10 keV continuum luminosities of AGN
• N-band Imaging of Seyfert Nuclei and the MIR-X-ray correlation
• On the difference of torus geometry between hidden and non-hidden broad line active galactic nuclei
• The evolution of the Compton thick fraction and the nature of obscuration for AGN in the Chandra Deep Field South
• Mid-infrared properties of nearby low-luminosity AGN at high angular resolution
• Supermassive Black Hole Growth in Starburst Galaxies over Cosmic Time: Constraints from the Deepest Chandra Fields
• Reflection in Seyfert Galaxies and the Unified Model of AGN
• Iron K$\alpha$ emission in type-I and type-II Active Galactic Nuclei
• Mid and Far Infrared Properties of a Complete Sample of Local AGNs
• SALT Long-slit Spectroscopy of Luminous Obscured Quasars: An Upper Limit on the Size of the Narrow-Line Region?
• Discovery of a Population of Bulgeless Galaxies with Extremely Red Mid-IR Colors: Obscured AGN Activity in the Low Mass Regime?
• NuSTAR unveils a Compton-thick Type 2 quasar in Mrk 34
• Implications for unified schemes from the quasar fraction and emission-line luminosities in radio-selected samples
• Unveiling the nature of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies with 3-4 micron spectroscopy
• Luminosity and Redshift Dependence of the Covering Factor of AGNs viewed with WISE and SDSS
• [O III]$\lambda 5007$ and X-ray Properties of a Complete Sample of Hard X-ray Selected AGNs in the Local Universe
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey II: X-ray Emission and High Ionization Optical Emission Lines
• Isotropic Mid-Infrared Emission from the Central 100 pc of Active Galaxies
• Near-Infrared Reverberation by Dusty Clumpy Tori in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Gemini Long-slit Observations of Luminous Obscured Quasars: Further Evidence for an Upper Limit on the Size of the Narrow-Line Region
• Orientation Effects on the Inner Region of Dusty Torus of Active Galactic Nuclei
• ALMA HCN and HCO+ J=3-2 observations of optical Seyfert and luminous infrared galaxies -- Confirmation of elevated HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratios in AGNs --
• The small dispersion of the mid IR -- hard X-ray correlation in AGN
• Self-consistent 2-phase AGN torus models: SED library for observers
• Suzaku Observations of Moderately Obscured (Compton-thin) Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Survey
• Herschel Far-Infrared Photometry of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope Active Galactic Nuclei Sample of the Local Universe. I. PACS Observations
• Luminosity-dependent unification of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Baldwin effect
• Herschel/HerMES: The X-ray - Infrared correlation for star-forming galaxies at z~1
• AKARI IRC 2.5-5 um Spectroscopy of Infrared Galaxies over a Wide Luminosity Range
• Contribution of the accretion disk, hot corona, and obscuring torus to the luminosity of Seyfert galaxies: INTEGRAL and Spitzer observations
• Infrared and hard X-ray diagnostics of AGN identification from the Swift/BAT and AKARI all-sky surveys
• Suzaku View of the Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei (I): Spectral Analysis of Six AGNs and Evidence for Two Types of Obscured Population
• The mid-infrared emission of Seyfert galaxies. A new analysis of ISOCAM data
• Herschel Far-Infrared Photometry of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope Active Galactic Nuclei Sample of the Local Universe. II. SPIRE Observations
• Revisit of Local X-ray Luminosity Function of Active Galactic Nuclei with the MAXI Extragalactic Survey
• 3-5 micron spectroscopy of obscured AGNs in ULIRGs
• The nuclear and extended mid-infrared emission of Seyfert galaxies
• Do Most Active Galactic Nuclei Live in High Star Formation Nuclear Cusps?
• Suzaku View of the Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Application of Numerical Torus Models to Two Nearly Compton Thick AGNs (NGC 612 and NGC 3081)
• A Spectroscopic Survey of WISE-selected Obscured Quasars with the Southern African Large Telescope
• A Compton thick AGN in the barred spiral NGC 4785
• Investigating the dusty torus of Seyfert galaxies using SOFIA/FORCAST photometry
• The 9 and 18 Micron Luminosity Function of Various Types of Galaxies with AKARI: Implication for the Dust Torus Structure of AGN
• The nuclear and integrated far-infrared emission of nearby Seyfert galaxies

Cited by in corpus (77)

• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - V. X-ray properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN catalog
• The close environments of accreting massive black holes are shaped by radiative feedback
• Discovery of 21 New Changing-look AGNs in Northern Sky
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - XI. The Covering Factor of Dust and Gas in Swift/BAT Active Galactic Nuclei
• Hot dust in Panchromatic SED Fitting: Identification of AGN and improved galaxy properties
• X-ray spectral analyses of AGNs from the 7Ms Chandra Deep Field-South survey: the distribution, variability, and evolution of AGN's obscuration
• X-Ray Spectral Model from Clumpy Torus and Its Application to Circinus Galaxy
• X-ray spectral and eclipsing model of the clumpy obscurer in active galactic nuclei
• A hard X-ray view of Luminous and Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies in GOALS: I - AGN obscuration along the merger sequence
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey-XX: Molecular Gas in Nearby Hard X-ray Selected AGN Galaxies
• AGNIFS survey of local AGN: GMOS-IFU data and outflows in 30 sources
• Buried AGNs in Advanced Mergers:Mid-infrared color selection as a dual AGN finder
• BASS XXV: DR2 Broad-line Based Black Hole Mass Estimates and Biases from Obscuration
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey XXI: The Data Release 2 Overview
• Little Red Dots: Rapidly Growing Black Holes Reddened by Extended Dusty Flows
• BASS XXXVII: The role of radiative feedback in the growth and obscuration properties of nearby supermassive black holes
• Hitomi Observation of Radio Galaxy NGC 1275: The First X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectroscopy of Fe-Kα Line Emission from an Active Galactic Nucleus
• BASS XXXII: Studying the Nuclear Mm-wave Continuum Emission of AGNs with ALMA at Scales $\lesssim$ 100-200 pc
• Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS): Identification of AGN through SED Fitting and the Evolution of the Bolometric AGN Luminosity Function
• A Tight Correlation Between Millimeter and X-ray Emission in Accreting Massive Black Holes from <100 Milliarcsecond-resolution ALMA Observations
• The AGNIFS survey: spatially resolved observations of hot molecular and ionised outflows in nearby active galaxies
• Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age. Secondary distance indicators
• Intrinsic AGN SED & black hole growth in the Palomar--Green quasars
• Does the mid-infrared-hard X-ray luminosity relation for active galactic nuclei depend on Eddington ratio?
• The AGNIFS survey: distribution and excitation of the hot molecular and ionised gas in the inner kpc of nearby AGN hosts
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback in nearby Active Galaxies -- V. Molecular and Ionised Gas Kinematics
• Suzaku Observations of Heavily Obscured (Compton-thick) Active Galactic Nuclei selected by Swift/BAT Hard X-ray Survey
• The dusty tori of nearby QSOs as constrained by high-resolution mid-IR observations
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback in nearby Active Galaxies -- IV. Excitation
• The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): A multiwavelength view of WISE mid-infrared galaxies/active galactic nuclei
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). II. Physical Properties derived from the SED Fitting with Optical, Infrared, and Radio Data
• Discovering AGN-driven winds through their infrared emission: I. General method and wind location
• Local AGN Survey (LASr): I. Galaxy sample, infrared colour selection and predictions for AGN within 100 Mpc
• Hard X-Ray to Radio Multiwavelength SED Analysis of Local U/LIRGs in GOALS Sample with Self-consistent AGN Model Including Polar-dust Component
• BASS XXVIII: Near-infrared Data Release 2, High-Ionization and Broad Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Discovery of Dying Active Galactic Nucleus in Arp 187: Experience of Drastic Luminosity Decline within $10^4$ years
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: VI -- Stellar Populations
• A close look at the dwarf AGN of NGC 4395: optical and near-IR integral field spectroscopy
• Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: II -The sample and surface mass density profiles
• Obscuring fraction of active galactic nuclei implied by supernova and radiative feedbacks
• Dust Destruction by Drift-Induced Sputtering in Active Galactic Nuclei
• The infrared to X-ray correlation spectra of unobscured type 1 active galactic nuclei
• Universal transition diagram from dormant to actively accreting supermassive black holes
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey-XXIII. A New Mid-Infrared Diagnostic for Absorption in Active Galactic Nuclei
• SOFIA/FORCAST resolves 30 - 40 um extended dust emission in nearby active galactic nuclei
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). IV. Rapidly Growing (Super-)Massive Black Holes in Extremely Radio-Loud Galaxies
• Investigating the Covering Fraction Distribution of Swift/BAT AGN with X-ray and IR Observations
• Active galactic nuclei ghosts: A systematic search for faded nuclei
• Cooling timescale of dust tori in dying active galactic nuclei
• Comparison of SEDs of very massive radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey -- XIII. The nature of the most luminous obscured AGN in the low-redshift universe
• Electron temperature fluctuations in Seyfert galaxies
• NuSTAR Discovery of Dead Quasar Engine in Arp 187
• Tracing the co-evolution path of super massive black holes and spheroids with AKARI-selected ultra-luminous IR galaxies at intermediate redshifts
• Signatures of the disk-jet coupling in the Broad-line Radio Quasar 4C+74.26
• NuSTAR hard X-ray data and Gemini 3D spectra reveal powerful AGN and outflow histories in two low-redshift Lyman-$\alpha$ blobs
• Finding of a population of active galactic nuclei showing a significant luminosity decline in the past $\sim 10^{3-4}$ yrs
• eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): eFEDS X-ray view of WERGS Radio Galaxies selected by the Subaru/HSC and VLA/FIRST survey
• AGN Triality of Triple Mergers: Multi-wavelength Classifications
• BASS. XLIX. Characterization of highly luminous and obscured AGNs: local X-ray and [NeV]$\lambda$3426 emission in comparison with the high-redshift Universe
• A NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Study of the Two Most Actively Star-forming Green Pea Galaxies (SDSS J0749+3337 and SDSS J0822+2241)
• AGN populations in the local universe: their alignment with the main-sequence, characteristics of their stellar populations, accretion efficiency, and the impact of AGN feedback
• WISE Discovery of Mid-infrared Variability in Massive Young Stellar Objects
• Infrared Colours and Spectral Energy Distributions of Hard X-ray Selected Obscured and Compton-thick AGN
• Breaking the rules at $z\simeq$0.45: the rebel case of RBS 1055
• Mid-Infrared and Maser Flux Variability Correlation in Massive Young Stellar Object G036.70+00.09
• H1821+643: The most X-ray and infrared luminous AGN in the Swift/BAT survey in the process of rapid stellar and supermassive black hole mass assembly
• A jet-driven bipolar outflow in NGC 1125
• Probing AGN-ISM Feedback through Extended X-ray Emission in ESO 137-G034
• BASS XLV: Quantifying AGN Selection Effects in the Chandra COSMOS-Legacy Survey with BASS
• Nature of hard X-ray (3-24 keV) detected luminous infrared galaxies in the COSMOS field
• X-Ray bright optically faint active galactic nuclei in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam wide survey
• Compton-thick AGN Characterisation in a Multi-wavelength Context: Insights from the 70-Month \textit{SWIFT}/BAT Catalogue
• Chandra Follow-up Observations of Swift-BAT-selected AGNs II
• Constraining the AGN tori at cosmic noon using high-resolution JWST imaging and simultaneous SED fitting
• Revisiting Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei as an Origin of Cosmic Gamma-ray and Neutrino Backgrounds
• The X-ray statistical properties of dust-obscured galaxies detected by eROSITA