Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galactic Nuclei with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. II. Properties of WISE-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the NDWFS Boötes Field

Abstract

Stern et al.(2012) presented a study of WISE selection of AGN in the 2 deg^2 COSMOS field, finding that a simple criterion W1-W2>=0.8 provides a highly reliable and complete AGN sample for W2<15.05, where the W1 and W2 passbands are centered at 3.4 and 4.6 microns, respectively. Here we extend this study using the larger 9 deg^2 NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bootes field which also has considerably deeper WISE observations than the COSMOS field, and find that this simple color-cut significantly loses reliability at fainter fluxes. We define a modified selection criterion combining the W1-W2 color and the W2 magnitude to provide highly reliable or highly complete AGN samples for fainter WISE sources. In particular, we define a color-magnitude cut that finds 130+/-4 deg^-2 AGN candidates for W2<17.11 with 90% reliability. Using the extensive UV through mid-IR broad-band photometry available in this field, we study the spectral energy distributions of WISE AGN candidates. As expected, the WISE AGN selection is biased towards objects where the AGN dominates the bolometric luminosity output, and that it can identify highly obscured AGN. We study the distribution of reddening in the AGN sample and discuss a formalism to account for sample incompleteness based on the step-wise maximum-likelihood method of Efstathiou et al.(1988). The resulting dust obscuration distributions depend strongly on AGN luminosity, consistent with the trend expected for a Simpson (2005) receding torus. At L_AGN~3x10^44 erg/s, 29+/-7% of AGN are observed as Type 1, while at ~4x10^45 erg/s the fraction is 64+/-13%. The distribution of obscuration values suggests that dust in the torus is present as both a diffuse medium and in optically thick clouds.

34 text pages + 13 Figures + 6 Tables. Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Updated with referee's comments. Minor correction to Tables 1, 2 and 3 regarding an incorrect characterization of the reliability and completeness of the KI and KIM AGN selection criteria

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• Subaru High-z Exploration of Low-Luminosity Quasars (SHELLQs). XIV. A Candidate Type-II Quasar at z=6.1292
• PEARLS: Discovery of Point-Source Features Within Galaxies in the North Ecliptic Pole Time Domain Field
• Harnessing the XMM-Newton data: X-ray spectral modelling of 4XMM-DR11 detections and 4XMM-DR11s sources
• A multifrequency characterization of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky
• Dark matter halos of luminous AGNs from galaxy-galaxy lensing with the HSC Subaru Strategic Program
• The 2.4 $\mu$m Galaxy Luminosity Function as Measured Using WISE. II. Sample Selection
• DEIMOS Observations of WISE-Selected, Optically Obscured AGNs
• Finding LoTSS of hosts for GRBs: a search for galaxy - gamma-ray burst coincidences at low frequencies with LOFAR
• Identifying Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the COSMOS. II. Searching among mid-infrared selected AGNs
• Long-term Mid-infrared Color Variations of Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies
• Identifying Radio Active Galactic Nuclei with Machine Learning and Large-Area Surveys
• Effectiveness of WISE colour-based selection techniques to uncover obscured AGN
• Understanding the Nature of an Unusual Post-Starburst Quasar with Exceptionally Strong Ne V Emission
• Searching Water Megamasers By Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy (I): Possible Mid-infrared Indicators
• The properties of the obscuring material of an AGNs sample from mid-IR and X-ray simultaneous fitting
• The ROSAT Raster Survey in the North-Ecliptic Pole Field: X-ray Catalogue and Optical Identifications
• Fueling, Evolution, and Diversity of AGN in Dwarf Galaxies: Insights from Star Formation and Black Hole Scaling Relations
• Explainable machine learning classification of \textit{Chandra} X-ray sources: SHAP analysis of multi-wavelength features
• JWST MIRI color classification of mid-infrared selected galaxies: MIRI color classification toward cosmic noon
• Active galactic nuclei are not responsible for systematics in the empirical properties of type Ia supernovae
• Nuclear Activity and Host Galaxy Properties of Low-Luminosity AGN Identified from VLA Observations
• Dynamically close galaxy pairs from the unWISE survey: Testing the merger-AGN-star formation connection
• Radio Galaxy Zoo: Morphological classification by Fanaroff-Riley designation using self-supervised pre-training
• On the origin of mid-infrared colors in $\gamma$-ray blazars
• The Delegate Survey: KOALA/AAOmega-IFU spectroscopy of three nearby dwarf galaxies
• Probing Quasar Viewing Angle with the Variability Structure Function
• Finding the evolutionary link between ULIRGs and radio galaxies
• VarIabiLity seLection of AstrophysIcal sources iN PTF (VILLAIN) I. Structure function fits to 71 million objects