Fast Outflows in Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies with Keck/NIRES

Abstract

We present rest-frame optical spectroscopic observations of 24 Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies (Hot DOGs) at redshifts 1.7-4.6 with KECK/NIRES. Our targets are selected based on their extreme red colors to be the highest luminosity sources from the WISE infrared survey. In 20 sources with well-detected emission we fit the key [O III], H$\beta$, H$\alpha$, [N II], and [S II] diagnostic lines to constrain physical conditions. Of the 17 targets with a clear detection of the [O III]$\lambda$5007A emission line, 15 display broad blueshifted and asymmetric line profiles, with widths ranging from 1000 to 8000 $\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and blueshifts up to 3000 $\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. These kinematics provide strong evidence for the presence of massive ionized outflows of up to $8000{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$, with a median of $150{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$. As many as eight sources show optical emission line ratios consistent with vigorous star formation. Balmer line star-formation rates, uncorrected for reddening, range from 30--1300 ${\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$, with a median of $50{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}$. Estimates of the SFR from SED fitting of mid and far-infrared photometry suggest significantly higher values. We estimate the central black hole masses to be of order $10^{8-10}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, assuming the present-day ${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\sigma }_{\ast }$ relation. The bolometric luminosities and the estimated masses of the central black holes of these galaxies suggest that many of the AGN-dominated Hot DOGs are accreting at or above their Eddington limit. The combination of ongoing star formation, massive outflows, and high Eddington ratios suggest Hot DOGs are a transitional phase in galaxy evolution.

arXiv comment26 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (54)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z~2. I. Star formation and galaxy growth
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• The Sixteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
• Spectral Energy Distributions and Multiwavelength Selection of Type 1 Quasars
• GOODS-Herschel: an infrared main sequence for star-forming galaxies
• Interpreting the Cosmic Infrared Background: Constraints on the Evolution of the Dust Enshrouded Star Formation Rate
• Kiloparsec-scale outflows are prevalent among luminous AGN: outflows and feedback in the context of the overall AGN population
• Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe
• Fast Molecular Outflows in Luminous Galaxy Mergers: Evidence for Quasar Feedback from Herschel
• Dust extinction from Balmer decrements of star-forming galaxies at 0.75<z<1.5 with HST/WFC3 spectroscopy from the WISP survey
• The Cosmic BPT Diagram: Confronting Theory with Observations
• Ionised outflows in z $\sim$ 2.4 quasar host galaxies
• Feedback in Luminous Obscured Quasars
• Discovery of extreme [OIII]5007A outflows in high-redshift red quasars
• The First Hyper-Luminous Infrared Galaxy Discovered by WISE
• Half of the Most Luminous Quasars May Be Obscured: Investigating the Nature of WISE-Selected Hot, Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• The Most Luminous Galaxies Discovered by WISE
• Molecular outflows in local ULIRGs: energetics from multi-transition OH analysis
• Submillimeter Follow-up of WISE-Selected Hyperluminous Galaxies
• The role of star-formation and AGN in dust heating of z = 0.3-2.8 galaxies - I. Evolution with redshift and luminosity
• NGC 839: Shocks in an M82-like Superwind
• An Accounting of the Dust-Obscured Star Formation and Accretion Histories Over the Last ~11~Billion Years
• Galaxy-Scale Outflows Driven by Active Galactic Nuclei
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows: I. Kinematics and sizes
• Dynamical Delays Between Starburst and AGN Activity in Galaxy Nuclei
• The dynamics of the ionized and molecular ISM in powerful obscured quasars at z>=3.5
• A New Population of High Redshift, Dusty Lyman-Alpha Emitters and Blobs Discovered by WISE
• Constraints on the Star Formation Rate in Active Galaxies
• The Prevalence of Gas Outflows in Type 2 AGNs. II. 3D Biconical Outflow Models
• Delayed or no feedback? - Gas outflows in Type 2 AGNs. III
• The Strikingly Uniform, Highly Turbulent Interstellar Medium of the Most Luminous Galaxy in the Universe
• The Limited Impact of Outflows: Integral-Field Spectroscopy of 20 Local AGNs
• The Emission-Line Spectra of Major Mergers: Evidence for Shocked Outflows
• Discovery of strongly blue shifted mid-infrared [NeIII] and [NeV] emission in ULIRGs
• The Multiple Merger Assembly of a Hyper-luminous Obscured Quasar at redshift 4.6
• The Spectral Energy Distributions and Infrared Luminosities of z \approx 2 Dust Obscured Galaxies from Herschel and Spitzer
• Infrared spectral energy distribution decomposition of WISE-selected, hyperluminous hot dust-obscured galaxies
• Eddington-Limited Accretion in z~2 WISE-selected Hot, Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• Galactic Scale Feedback Observed in the 3C 298 Quasar Host Galaxy
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows III. The outflow size-luminosity relation
• Unravelling the complex structure of AGN-driven outflows: II. Photoionization and energetics
• Super-Eddington Accretion in the WISE-Selected Extremely Luminous Infrared Galaxy W2246-0526
• The role of the most luminous, obscured AGN in galaxy assembly at z~2
• Spectral Classification and Ionized Gas Outflows in $z\sim 2$ WISE-Selected Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• Asymmetric emission of the [OIII]$\lambda$5007 profile in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• The dual role of starburst and active galactic nuclei in driving extreme molecular outflows
• Studying the [OIII]$\lambda$5007A emission-line width in a sample of $\sim$80 local active galaxies: A surrogate for ${\sigma }_{\star }$?
• Outflow kinematics manifested by the H-alpha line: gas outflows in Type 2 AGNs. IV

Cited by in corpus (21)

• A dusty compact object bridging galaxies and quasars at cosmic dawn
• Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution and Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei: Clues to the Structure of Circumnuclear Material
• Kinematics and Star Formation of High-Redshift Hot Dust-Obscured Quasars as Seen by ALMA
• Hard X-Ray to Radio Multiwavelength SED Analysis of Local U/LIRGs in GOALS Sample with Self-consistent AGN Model Including Polar-dust Component
• Detection of companion galaxies around hot dust-obscured hyper-luminous galaxy W0410-0913
• Imaging Polarization of the Blue-Excess Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxy WISE J011601.41-050504.0
• Broad emission lines in optical spectra of hot dust-obscured galaxies can contribute significantly to JWST/NIRCam photometry
• Probing the Inner Circumgalactic Medium and Quasar Illumination around the Reddest `Extremely Red Quasar' (ERQ)
• An Overdensity of Lyman Break Galaxies Around the Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxy WISE J224607.56$-$052634.9
• Detection of an ionized gas outflow in the extreme UV-luminous star-forming galaxy BOSS-EUVLG1 at z=2.47
• Physical properties of hyperluminous, dust-obscured quasars at $z\sim 3$: multiwavelength Spectral Energy Distribution analysis and cold gas content revealed by ALMA
• Discovery of a Low-Redshift Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxy
• Optical IFU Observations of GOALS Sample with KOOLS-IFU on Seimei Telescope: Initial results of 9 U/LIRGs at $z<$ 0.04
• MAGAZ3NE: Massive, Extremely Dusty Galaxies at $z\sim 2$ Lead to Photometric Overestimation of Number Densities of the Most Massive Galaxies at $3<z<4$
• Overdensity of Lyman-Break Galaxy Candidates Around Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• Searching for Low-Redshift Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• CO spectra of the ISM in the Host Galaxies of the Most Luminous WISE-Selected AGNs
• The $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\star }$ Relation of the hyperluminous Dust-obscured Quasars up to $z\sim 4$
• A Massive Gas Outflow Outside the Line-of-Sight: Imaging Polarimetry of the Blue Excess Hot Dust Obscured Galaxy W0204-0506
• JWST Spectroscopic View of a Rapidly Growing Dust-obscured Quasar at $z\sim 4$: Effect of Dust Extinction Correction on Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Estimation
• Dense Ionized Outflow with Five Narrow Components in a Dust-obscured Galaxy