Anti-correlation between the mass of a supermassive black hole and the mass accretion rate in type I ultraluminous infrared galaxies and nearby QSOs

Abstract

We discovered a significant anti-correlation between the mass of a supermassive black hole (SMBH), $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$, and the luminosity ratio of infrared to active galactic nuclei (AGN) Eddington luminosity, $L_{\mathrm{IR}}/L_{\mathrm{Edd}}$, over four orders of magnitude for ultraluminous infrared galaxies with type I Seyfert nuclei (type I ULIRGs) and nearby QSOs. This anti-correlation ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ vs. $L_{\mathrm{IR}}/L_{\mathrm{Edd}}$) can be interpreted as the anti-correlation between the mass of a SMBH and the rate of mass accretion onto a SMBH normalized by the AGN Eddington rate, ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}/{\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{Edd}}$. In other words, the mass accretion rate ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ is not proportional to that of the central BH mass. Thus, this anti-correlation indicates that BH growth is determined by the external mass supply process, and not the AGN Eddington-limited mechanism. Moreover, we found an interesting tendency for type I ULIRGs to favor a super-Eddington accretion flow, whereas QSOs tended to show a sub-Eddington flow. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that a central SMBH grows by changing its mass accretion rate from super-Eddington to sub-Eddington. According to a coevolution scenario of ULIRGs and QSOs based on the radiation drag process, it has been predicted that a self-gravitating massive torus, whose mass is larger than a central BH, exists in the early phase of BH growth (type I ULIRG phase) but not in the final phase of BH growth (QSO phase). At the same time, if one considers the mass accretion rate onto a central SMBH via a turbulent viscosity, the anti-correlation ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ vs. $L_{\mathrm{IR}}/L_{\mathrm{Edd}}$) is well explained by the positive correlation between the mass accretion rate ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ and the mass ratio of a massive torus to a SMBH.

29 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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