ALMA reveals a warm and compact starburst around a heavily obscured supermassive black hole at z=4.75

Abstract

We report ALMA Cycle 0 observations at 1.3mm of LESS J033229.4-275619 (XID403), an Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy at $z=4.75$ in the Chandra Deep Field South hosting a Compton-thick QSO. The source is not resolved in our data at a resolution of $\sim$0.75 arcsec, placing an upper-limit of 2.5 kpc to the half-light radius of the continuum emission from heated-dust. After deconvolving for the beam size, however, we found a $\sim 3\sigma$ indication of an intrinsic source size of $0.27\pm 0.08$ arcsec (Gaussian FWHM), which would correspond to $r_{half}\sim 0.9\pm 0.3$ kpc. We build the far-IR SED of XID403 by combining datapoints from both ALMA and Herschel and fit it with a modified blackbody spectrum. For the first time, we measure the dust temperature $T_d=58.5\pm 5.3$ K in this system, which is comparable to what has been observed in other high-z submillimeter galaxies. The measured star formation rate is SFR=$1020\pm 150$ $M_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$, in agreement with previous estimates at lower S/N. Based on the measured SFR and source size, we constrain the SFR surface density to be ${\Sigma }_{SFR}>26M_{\odot }$yr${}^{-1}$kpc${}^{-2}$ ($\sim 200M_{\odot }$yr${}^{-1}$kpc${}^{-2}$ for $r_{half}\sim 0.9$ kpc). The compactness of this starburst is comparable to what has been observed in other local and high-z starburst galaxies. If the gas mass measured from previous [CII] and CO(2-1) observations at low resolution is confined within the same dust region, assuming $r_{half}\sim 0.9\pm 0.3$ kpc, this would produce a column density of $N_H\sim 0.3-1.1\times 10^{24}$cm${}^{-2}$ towards the central SMBH, similar to the column density of $\approx 1.4\times 10^{24}$cm${}^{-2}$ measured from the X-rays. Then, in principle, if both gas and dust were confined on sub-kpc scales, this would be sufficient to produce the observed X-ray column density without any need of a pc-scale absorber [abridged].

11 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

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