Unveiling the nature of 11 dusty star-forming galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation history

Abstract

We present a panchromatic study of 11 (sub-)millimetre selected DSFGs with spectroscopically confirmed redshift ($1.5<z_{\mathrm{spec}}<3$) in the GOODS-S field, with the aim of constraining their astrophysical properties (e.g., age, stellar mass, dust and gas content) and characterizing their role in the context of galaxy evolution. The multi-wavelength coverage of GOODS-S, from X-rays to radio band, allow us to model galaxy SED by using CIGALE with a novel approach, based on a physical motivated modelling of stellar light attenuation by dust. Median stellar mass ($\simeq 6.5\times 10^{10}$ M${}_{\odot }$) and SFR ($\simeq 241$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$) are consistent with galaxy main-sequence at $z\sim 2$. The galaxies are experiencing an intense and dusty burst of star formation (median L${}_{\mathrm{IR}}\simeq 2\times 10^{12}$ L${}_{\odot }$), with a median age of $750$ Myr. The high median content of interstellar dust (M${}_{\mathrm{dust}}\simeq 5\times 10^8$ M${}_{\odot }$) suggests a rapid enrichment of the ISM (on timescales $\sim 10^8$ yr). We derived galaxy total and molecular gas content from CO spectroscopy and/or Rayleigh-Jeans dust continuum ($10^{10}\lesssim$ M${}_{\mathrm{gas}}/$M${}_{\odot }\lesssim 10^{11}$), depleted over a typical timescale ${\tau }_{\mathrm{depl}}\sim 200$ Myr. X-ray and radio luminosities suggest that most of the galaxies hosts an accreting radio silent/quiet SMBH. This evidence, along with their compact multi-wavelength sizes (median r${}_{\mathrm{ALMA}}\sim$ r${}_{\mathrm{VLA}}=1.8$ kpc, r${}_{\mathrm{HST}}=2.3$ kpc) measured from high-resolution imaging (${\theta }_{\mathrm{res}}\lesssim$ 1 arcsec), indicates these objects as the high-z star-forming counterparts of massive quiescent galaxies, as predicted e.g., by the in-situ scenario. Four objects show some signatures of a forthcoming/ongoing AGN feedback, that is thought to trigger the morphological transition from star-forming disks to ETGs.

arXiv comment23 pages, 6 figures, 13 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (181)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies
• Infrared Emission from Interstellar Dust. IV. The Silicate-Graphite-PAH Model in the Post-Spitzer Era
• Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1 : The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Galaxy Bimodality due to Cold Flows and Shock Heating
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey: Initial Results From Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging
• Multiwavelength study of massive galaxies at z~2. I. Star formation and galaxy growth
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• Metallicity Calibrations and the Mass-Metallicity Relation for Star-Forming Galaxies
• CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission
• A Redshift Survey of the Submillimeter Galaxy Population
• Cool Gas in High Redshift Galaxies
• First Results from the TNG50 Simulation: The evolution of stellar and gaseous disks across cosmic time
• The Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Very High Gas Fractions and Extended Gas Reservoirs in z=1.5 Disk Galaxies
• The lesser role of starbursts for star formation at z=2
• Calibrating Extinction-Free Star Formation Rate Diagnostics with 33GHz Free-Free Emission in NGC6946
• Submillimeter Galaxies
• Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift
• The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey: HerMES
• Confirmation of the remarkable compactness of massive quiescent galaxies at z~2.3: early-type galaxies did not form in a simple monolithic collapse
• The 3D-HST Survey: Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/G141 grism spectra, redshifts, and emission line measurements for $\sim 100,000$ galaxies
• PHIBSS: Unified Scaling Relations of Gas Depletion Time and Molecular Gas Fractions
• AGN Dusty Tori: I. Handling of Clumpy Media
• The Herschel ATLAS
• The Chandra Deep Field South: Optical Spectroscopy I
• The 2-10 keV luminosity as a Star Formation Rate indicator
• The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor From Infrared Dust Emission Across the Local Group
• Dust Attenuation Curves in the Local Universe: Demographics and New Laws for Star-forming Galaxies and High-redshift Analogs
• Revisiting the Infrared Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei with a New Torus Emission Model
• PRIMUS: Constraints on Star Formation Quenching and Galaxy Merging, and the Evolution of the Stellar Mass Function From z=0-1
• The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star Forming Galaxies Since z=2 as Probed by Their Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions
• Structural Parameters of Galaxies in CANDELS
• The Chandra Deep Field-South Survey: 7 Ms Source Catalogs
• ISM masses and the star formation law at Z = 1 to 6 // ALMA observations of dust continuum in 145 galaxies in the COSMOS survey field
• Self-Consistent Models of the AGN and Black Hole Populations: Duty Cycles, Accretion Rates, and the Mean Radiative Efficiency
• Deriving Physical Properties from Broadband Photometry with Prospector: Description of the Model and a Demonstration of its Accuracy Using 129 Galaxies in the Local Universe
• PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) - A Herschel Key Program
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• SINFONI Integral Field Spectroscopy of z~2 UV-selected Galaxies: Rotation Curves and Dynamical Evolution
• The stellar mass assembly of galaxies in the Illustris simulation: growth by mergers and the spatial distribution of accreted stars
• The Herschel PEP/HerMES Luminosity Function. I: Probing the Evolution of PACS selected Galaxies to z~4
• The deepest Herschel-PACS far-infrared survey: number counts and infrared luminosity functions from combined PEP/GOODS-H observations
• Defining the intrinsic AGN infrared spectral energy distribution and measuring its contribution to the infrared output of composite galaxies
• Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation
• Star Formation and Gas Kinematics of Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6: New insights from ALMA
• Far-infrared Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting for Galaxies Near and Far
• A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The evolution of the hard X-ray luminosity function of AGN
• Resolving the mid-infrared cores of local Seyferts
• Evolution of Interstellar Medium, Star Formation, and Accretion at High Redshift
• Evolution of the dusty infrared luminosity function from z=0 to z=2.3 using observations from Spitzer
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field: Part III
• An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: The Redshift Distribution and Evolution of Submillimeter Galaxies
• An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Source catalog and multiplicity
• The GOODS-MUSIC sample: a multicolour catalog of near-IR selected galaxies in the GOODS-South field
• GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at 1.4<z<2. II. Superdense passive galaxies: how did they form and evolve ?
• Sub-millimeter galaxies as progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies
• The Mean Star Formation Rate of X-ray selected Active Galaxies and its Evolution from z=2.5: Results from PEP-Herschel
• HerMES: The SPIRE confusion limit
• The Intense Starburst HDF850.1 in a Galaxy Overdensity at z=5.2 in the Hubble Deep Field
• The metallicity dependence of the CO {\rightarrow} H_2 conversion factor in z>1 star forming galaxies
• The evolution of the dust and gas content in galaxies
• CO excitation of normal star forming galaxies out to z=1.5 as regulated by the properties of their interstellar medium
• The Evolution of ISM Mass Probed by Dust Emission -- ALMA Observations at z = 0.3 to 2
• Constraints on the assembly and dynamics of galaxies. II. Properties of kiloparsec-scale clumps in rest-frame optical emission of z ~ 2 star-forming galaxies
• Angular momentum and galaxy formation revisited
• Herschel Far-Infrared and Sub-millimeter Photometry for the KINGFISH Sample of Nearby Galaxies
• The Relation Between Quasar and Merging Galaxy Luminosity Functions and the Merger-Induced Star Formation Rate of the Universe
• The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/VIMOS Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field
• GOODS-Herschel: The far-infrared view of star formation in AGN host galaxies since z~3
• Cosmic evolution of submillimeter galaxies and their contribution to stellar mass assembly
• The Evolution of Normal Galaxy X-ray Emission Through Cosmic History: Constraints from the 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Dust temperature and mid-to-total infrared color distributions for star-forming galaxies at 0<z<4
• Spectroscopic Identification of Massive Galaxies at z~2.3 with Strongly Suppressed Star Formation
• Star Formation at $4<z<6$ From the Spitzer Large Area Survey with Hyper-Suprime-Cam (SPLASH)
• The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei
• ALMA Imaging of Gas and Dust in a Galaxy Protocluster at Redshift 5.3: [CII] Emission in "Typical" Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts ~1 Billion Years after the Big Bang
• High-redshift star formation in the ALMA era
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: The nature, luminosity function and star formation history of dusty galaxies up to z~6
• Compact starbursts in z~3-6 submillimeter galaxies revealed by ALMA
• The subarcsecond mid-infrared view of local active galactic nuclei: II. The mid-infrared--X-ray correlation
• Tracing the cosmic growth of super massive black holes to z ~ 3 with Herschel
• Smooth and Clumpy Dust Distribution in AGN: a Direct Comparison of two Commonly Explored Infrared Emission Models
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: ALMA resolves the bright-end of the sub-millimeter number counts
• The impact of clustering and angular resolution on far-infrared and millimeter continuum observations
• A dynamically cold disk galaxy in the early Universe
• Starbursts in and out of the star-formation main sequence
• The Rising Star-Formation Histories of Distant Galaxies and Implications for Gas Accretion with Time
• Sub-kpc ALMA imaging of compact star-forming galaxies at z~2.5: revealing the formation of dense galactic cores in the progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies
• The sub-mJy radio sky in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: source population
• Main sequence of star forming galaxies beyond the Herschel confusion limit
• ALMA reveals potential evidence for spiral arms, bars, and rings in high-redshift submillimeter galaxies
• On the dust temperatures of high redshift galaxies
• Star formation rate and dynamical mass of 10^8 solar mass black hole host galaxies at redshift 6
• VLA and ALMA Imaging of Intense, Galaxy-Wide Star Formation in z ~ 2 Galaxies
• Breaking the Curve with CANDELS: A Bayesian Approach to Reveal the Non-Universality of the Dust-Attenuation Law at High Redshift
• The Star Formation Rate Function for Redshift z~4-7 Galaxies: Evidence for a Uniform Build-Up of Star-Forming Galaxies During the First 3 Gyr of Cosmic Time
• Galaxy Mergers and Dark Matter Halo Mergers in LCDM: Mass, Redshift, and Mass-Ratio Dependence
• On the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ main sequence archetypal star-formation history and analytical models
• The Brightest Galaxies in the Dark Ages: Galaxies' Dust Continuum Emission During the Reionization Era
• Deep multi-frequency radio imaging in the Lockman Hole using the GMRT and VLA: I. The nature of the sub-mJy radio population
• The VLA 1.4GHz Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Second Data Release
• Hubble Space Telescope Near-infrared and Optical Imaging of Faint Radio Sources in the Distant Cluster Cl0939+4713
• Radio faint AGN: a tale of two populations
• A Theory for the Variation of Dust Attenuation Laws in Galaxies
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Molecular gas reservoirs in high-redshift galaxies
• Vindicating single-T modified blackbody fits to Herschel SEDs (Research Note)
• Deep 1.1 mm-wavelength imaging of the GOODS-South field by AzTEC/ASTE -- II. Redshift distribution and nature of the submillimetre galaxy population
• Hubble Space Telescope images of submillimeter sources: large, irregular galaxies at high redshift
• HELP: modelling the spectral energy distributions of Herschel detected galaxies in the ELAIS N1 field
• Demonstrating A New Census of INfrared Galaxies with ALMA (DANCING-ALMA). I. FIR Size and Luminosity Relation at z = 0-6 Revealed with 1034 ALMA Sources
• Discovery of a dark, massive, ALMA-only galaxy at z~5-6 in a tiny 3-millimeter survey
• Characterizing the UV-to-NIR shape of the dust attenuation curve of IR luminous galaxies up to z$\sim$2
• A joint analysis of BLAST 250--500um and LABOCA 870um observations in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South
• GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - VII. Sample selection and spectroscopy
• ALMACAL I: First dual-band number counts from a deep and wide ALMA submm survey, free from cosmic variance
• Revealing the complex nature of the strong gravitationally lensed system H-ATLAS J090311.6+003906 using ALMA
• Alma Twenty-six Arcmin^2 Survey Of Goods-s At One-millimeter (asagao): Source Catalog And Number Counts
• The Star Formation in Radio Survey: GBT 33 GHz Observations of Nearby Galaxy Nuclei and Extranuclear Star-Forming Regions
• Galaxy Evolution in the Radio Band: The Role of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Witnessing the birth of the red sequence: ALMA high-resolution imaging of [CII] and dust in two interacting ultra-red starbursts at z = 4.425
• Automated Mining of the ALMA Archive in the COSMOS Field (A3COSMOS): I. Robust ALMA Continuum Photometry Catalogs and Stellar Mass and Star Formation Properties for ~700 Galaxies at z=0.5-6
• Deep multi-frequency radio imaging in the Lockman Hole using the GMRT and VLA: II. The spectral index of submillimetre galaxies
• Measures of galaxy dust and gas mass with Herschel photometry and prospects for ALMA
• The dust-to-stellar mass ratio as a valuable tool to probe the evolution of local and distant star forming galaxies
• Structural evolution in massive galaxies at z~2
• Cold dust and stellar emissions in dust-rich galaxies observed with ALMA: a challenge for SED-fitting techniques
• The Origin of Line Emission in Massive z~2.3 Galaxies: Evidence for Cosmic Downsizing of AGN Host Galaxies
• The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• Illuminating the dark side of cosmic star formation two billion years after the Big Bang
• A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). III. A Large Sample of ALMA Sources in the GOODS-S
• ALMA reveals a warm and compact starburst around a heavily obscured supermassive black hole at z=4.75
• The Galaxy End Sequence
• The properties of (sub)millimetre-selected galaxies as revealed by CANDELS HST WFC3/IR imaging in GOODS-South
• Knocking on giants' doors: I. The evolution of the dust-to-stellar mass ratio in distant dusty galaxies
• Near-Infrared MOSFIRE Spectra of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at 0.2<z<4
• Inferring the star formation histories of the most massive and passive early-type galaxies at z<0.3
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: radio properties and the far-infrared/radio correlation
• ALMA view of a massive spheroid progenitor: a compact rotating core of molecular gas in an AGN host at z=2.226
• Resolved galaxy scaling relations in the EAGLE simulation: star formation, metallicity and stellar mass on kpc scales
• The Quest for Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift z>4
• The Main Sequences of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei at High Redshift
• GOODS-ALMA: The slow downfall of star-formation in $z$ = 2-3 massive galaxies
• Emission-Line Galaxies from the HST PEARS Grism Survey I: The South Fields
• GOODS-ALMA: 1.1 mm galaxy survey - I. Source catalogue and optically dark galaxies
• NOEMA redshift measurements of bright Herschel galaxies
• Dust and gas content of high-redshift galaxies hosting obscured AGN in the CDF-S
• X-ray power law spectra in active galactic nuclei
• Clustering, host halos and environment of z$\sim$2 galaxies as a function of their physical properties
• SXDF-ALMA 1.5 arcmin^2 deep survey. A compact dusty star-forming galaxy at z=2.5
• Caught in the act: gas and stellar velocity dispersions in a fast quenching compact star-forming galaxy at z~1.7
• New Analytic Solutions for Galaxy Evolution: Gas, Stars, Metals and Dust in local Early-Type Galaxies and in their high-z Starforming Progenitors
• The Cosmological Dependence of Galactic Specific Angular Momenta
• (Sub)millimetre interferometric imaging of a sample of COSMOS/AzTEC submillimetre galaxies - I. Multiwavelength identifications and redshift distribution
• The rocky road to quiescence: compaction and quenching of quasar host galaxies at z~2
• The XMM-Newton deep survey in the Chandra Deep Field South. III. Point source catalogue and number counts in the hard X-rays
• The Radio - X-ray relation as a star formation indicator: Results from the VLA--E-CDFS Survey
• CNO emission of an unlensed submillimeter galaxy at z=4.3
• ZFOURGE: Using Composite Spectral Energy Distributions to Characterize Galaxy Populations at 1<z<4
• The dust mass function from z~0 to z~2
• Tracing the evolution of dust-obscured activity using sub-millimetre galaxy populations from STUDIES and AS2UDS
• A New Empirical Method to Infer the Starburst History of the Universe from Local Galaxy Properties
• The AGN content in luminous IR galaxies at z\sim2 from a global SED analysis including Herschel data
• Spectroscopic Characterisation of 250um-Selected Hyper-Luminous Star Forming Galaxies
• Modeling the effects of dust evolution on the SEDs of galaxies of different morphological type
• Towards a census of high-redshift dusty galaxies with $Herschel$: A selection of "500 $\mu$m-risers"
• Extreme star formation in the host galaxies of the fastest growing super-massive black holes at z=4.8
• Chandra and ALMA observations of the nuclear activity in two strongly lensed star forming galaxies
• Angular Momentum of Early and Late Type Galaxies: Nature or Nurture?
• Stellar and Dust Properties of a Complete Sample of Massive Dusty Galaxies at $1\le z\le 4$ from MAGPHYS Modeling of UltraVISTA DR3 and Herschel Photometry
• Witnessing the birth of the red sequence: the physical scale and morphology of dust emission in hyper-luminous starbursts in the early Universe
• ALMA resolves extended star formation in high-z AGN host galaxies
• The impact of the Star Formation Histories on the SFR-M${}_{\ast }$ relation at z$\ge$2
• Broadband spectral energy distributions of SDSS-selected quasars and of their host galaxies: intense activity at the onset of AGN feedback
• Smoke on the water: CO and H2O in a circumnuclear disc around a quasar at redshift 2.64
• A high redshift population of galaxies at the North Ecliptic Pole: unveiling the main sequence of dusty galaxies

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Bright Extragalactic ALMA Redshift Survey (BEARS) III: Detailed study of emission lines from 71 Herschel targets
• An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS Field (AS2COSPEC): Physical Properties of z=2-5 Ultra- and Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies
• In pursuit of giants: II. Evolution of dusty quiescent galaxies over the last six billion years from the hCOSMOS survey
• An ALMA view of 11 Dusty Star Forming Galaxies at the peak of Cosmic Star Formation History
• The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times II. Heavy Seeds and (Super)Massive Black Holes
• The slippery slope of dust attenuation curves: Correlation of dust attenuation laws with star-to-dust compactness up to z = 4
• GalaPy, the highly optimised C++/Python spectral modelling tool for galaxies -- I. Library presentation and photometric fitting
• The mass-dependent UVJ diagram at cosmic noon: A challenge for galaxy evolution models and dust radiative transfer
• What powers galactic outflows: nuclear starbursts or AGN?
• Physical properties of strong 1 < z < 3 Balmer and Paschen lines emitters observed with JWST
• SDSS J1059+4251, a highly magnified z ~ 2.8 star-forming galaxy: ESI observations of the rest-frame UV spectrum
• Euclid view of dusty star forming galaxies at z>~1.5 detected in wide area submillimetre surveys
• Dust removal timescale in galaxies across cosmic time
• Resolving circumgalactic gas flows around a z$\approx$3.6 quasar using MUSE and ALMA
• Spatial disconnection between stellar and dust emissions: the test of the Antennae Galaxies (Arp 244)