A high redshift population of galaxies at the North Ecliptic Pole: unveiling the main sequence of dusty galaxies

Abstract

Dusty high-z galaxies are extreme objects with high star formation rates (SFRs) and luminosities. Characterising the properties of this population and analysing their evolution over cosmic time is key to understanding galaxy evolution in the early Universe. We select a sample of high-z dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) and evaluate their position on the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies, the well-known correlation between stellar mass and SFR. We aim to understand the causes of their high star formation and quantify the percentage of DSFGs that lie above the MS. We adopted a multi-wavelength approach with data from optical to submillimetre wavelengths from surveys at the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) to study a submillimetre sample of high-redshift galaxies. Two submillimetre selection methods were used, including: sources selected at 850$\mu \mathrm{m}$ with the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2) SCUBA-2 instrument and {\it Herschel}-Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) selected sources (colour-colour diagrams and 500$\mu \mathrm{m}$ risers), finding that 185 have good multi-wavelength coverage. The resulting sample of 185 high-z candidates was further studied by spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting with the CIGALE fitting code. We derived photometric redshifts, stellar masses, SFRs, and additional physical parameters, such as the infrared luminosity and active galactic nuclei (AGN) contribution. We find that the different results in the literature are, only in part, due to selection effects. The difference in measured SFRs affects the position of DSFGs on the MS of galaxies; most of the DSFGs lie on the MS (60\%). Finally, we find that the star formation efficiency (SFE) depends on the epoch and intensity of the star formation burst in the galaxy; the later the burst, the more intense the star formation.

References in corpus (73)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• Herschel Space Observatory - An ESA facility for far-infrared and submillimetre astronomy
• The Galaxy Evolution Explorer: A Space Ultraviolet Survey Mission
• The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory
• The Herschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance
• Infrared Emission from Interstellar Dust. IV. The Silicate-Graphite-PAH Model in the Post-Spitzer Era
• Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1 : The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies
• A Simple Model for the Absorption of Starlight by Dust in Galaxies
• The reversal of the star formation-density relation in the distant universe
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission
• Unveiling Dust-enshrouded Star Formation in the Early Universe: a Sub-mm Survey of the Hubble Deep Field
• A Deep Sub-millimeter Survey of Lensing Clusters: A New Window on Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• GOODS-Herschel: an infrared main sequence for star-forming galaxies
• Analysis of galaxy SEDs from far-UV to far-IR with CIGALE: Studying a SINGS test sample
• Spectral Energy Distributions of Hard X-ray selected AGNs in the XMDS Survey
• The Infrared Astronomical Mission AKARI
• Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at High Redshift
• Dusty star forming galaxies at high redshift
• A Dust-Obscured Massive Maximum-Starburst Galaxy at a Redshift of 6.34
• Revisiting the Infrared Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei with a New Torus Emission Model
• Star Formation and Dust Attenuation Properties in Galaxies from a Statistical UV-to-FIR Analysis
• An ALMA survey of Sub-millimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Physical properties derived from ultraviolet-to-radio modelling
• Andromeda's Dust
• Keck Spectroscopy of 3<z<7 Faint Lyman Break Galaxies: The Importance of Nebular Emission in Understanding the Specific Star Formation Rate and Stellar Mass Density
• The Infrared Camera (IRC) for AKARI - Design and Imaging Performance
• Far-infrared Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting for Galaxies Near and Far
• A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: 850um maps, catalogues and number counts
• Rest-frame ultraviolet-to-optical spectral characteristics of extremely metal-poor and metal-free galaxies
• HerMES: The SPIRE confusion limit
• Constraining the properties of AGN host galaxies with Spectral Energy Distribution modeling
• Starbursts in and out of the star-formation main sequence
• Deep Extragalactic Surveys around the Ecliptic Poles with AKARI (ASTRO-F)
• The star-formation rate density from z = 0-6
• Herschel-ATLAS: First data release of the Science Demonstration Phase source catalogues
• Modeling Dust and Starlight in Galaxies Observed by Spitzer and Herschel: NGC 628 and NGC 6946
• HELP: XID+, The Probabilistic De-blender for Herschel SPIRE maps
• The Herschel-ATLAS: Extragalactic Number Counts from 250 to 500 Microns
• Herschel-ATLAS: Dust temperature and redshift distribution of SPIRE and PACS detected sources using submillimetre colours
• HELP: modelling the spectral energy distributions of Herschel detected galaxies in the ELAIS N1 field
• Characterizing the UV-to-NIR shape of the dust attenuation curve of IR luminous galaxies up to z$\sim$2
• A dusty star-forming galaxy at z=6 revealed by strong gravitational lensing
• The dust content of high-z submillimeter galaxies revealed by Herschel
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: The clustering of submillimetre galaxies in the UKIDSS UDS field
• Rise of the Titans: A Dusty, Hyper-Luminous "870 micron Riser" Galaxy at z~6
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey: I. Luminosity functions
• Observational evidence of a slow downfall of star formation efficiency in massive galaxies during the last 10 Gyr
• HELP: A catalogue of 170 million objects, selected at 0.36-4.5 $\mu$m, from 1270 deg.${}^2$ of prime extragalactic fields
• Ultraviolet to infrared emission of z>1 galaxies: Can we derive reliable star formation rates and stellar masses?
• HerMES: A search for high-redshift dusty galaxies in the HerMES Large Mode Survey - Catalogue, number counts and early results
• The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). Its legacy of UV surveys, and science highlights
• Flux Calibration of Broadband Far Infrared and Submillimetre Photometric Instruments: Theory and Application to Herschel-SPIRE
• Dust attenuation and Halpha emission in a sample of galaxies observed with Herschel at $0.6<z<1.6$
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: galaxies in the deep 850-micron survey, and the star-forming `main sequence'
• The North Ecliptic Pole Wide survey of AKARI: a near- and mid-infrared source catalog
• Very compact millimeter sizes for composite star-forming/AGN submillimeter galaxies
• Extreme submillimetre starburst galaxies
• Identification of galaxies that experienced a recent major drop of star formation
• Towards a census of high-redshift dusty galaxies with $Herschel$: A selection of "500 $\mu$m-risers"
• Spitzer Observations of the North Ecliptic Pole
• The Herschel-PACS North Ecliptic Pole Survey
• Infrared luminosity functions based on 18 mid-infrared bands: revealing cosmic star formation history with AKARI and Hyper Suprime-Cam
• A deep radio survey of the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Field - WSRT 20 cm Radio survey description, observations and data reduction
• (Sub)millimetre interferometric imaging of a sample of COSMOS/AzTEC submillimetre galaxies IV. Physical properties derived from spectral energy distributions
• Spitzer catalog of Herschel-selected ultrared dusty, star-forming galaxies
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XVII. SPIRE point-source catalogs and number counts
• The Spitzer-IRAC/MIPS Extragalactic survey (SIMES) in the South Ecliptic Pole field
• The spectral energy distribution of galaxies at z > 2.5: Implications from the Herschel/SPIRE color-color diagram
• The Spitzer-IRAC/MIPS Extragalactic Survey (SIMES): II enhanced nuclear accretion rate in galaxy groups at z$\sim$0.2

Cited by in corpus (7)

• The ALMA REBELS Survey: The First Infrared Luminosity Function Measurement at $\mathbf{z \sim 7}
• Unveiling the nature of 11 dusty star-forming galaxies at the peak of cosmic star formation history
• Identification of AKARI infrared sources by Deep HSC Optical Survey: Construction of New Band-Merged Catalogue in the NEP-Wide field
• Multi-wavelength properties of 850-$\mu$m selected sources from the North Ecliptic Pole SCUBA-2 survey
• XXL-HSC: An updated catalogue of high-redshift ($z⩾3.5$) X-ray AGN in the XMM-XXL northern field. Constraints on the bright end of the soft logN-logS
• Connecting the growth of galaxies to the large-scale environment in a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z~3
• Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP Wide field