The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Sixteenth Data Release

Abstract

We present the final Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) quasar catalog from Data Release 16 of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). This catalog comprises the largest selection of spectroscopically confirmed quasars to date. The full catalog includes two sub-catalogs: a "superset" of all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects targeted as quasars containing 1,440,615 observations and a quasar-only catalog containing 750,414 quasars, including 225,082 new quasars appearing in an SDSS data release for the first time, as well as known quasars from SDSS-I/II/III. We present automated identification and redshift information for these quasars alongside data from visual inspections for 320,161 spectra. The quasar-only catalog is estimated to be 99.8% complete with 0.3% to 1.3% contamination. Automated and visual inspection redshifts are supplemented by redshifts derived via principal component analysis and emission lines. We include emission line redshifts for H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, Mg II, C III], C IV, and Ly$\alpha$. Identification and key characteristics generated by automated algorithms are presented for 99,856 Broad Absorption Line quasars and 35,686 Damped Lyman Alpha quasars. In addition to SDSS photometric data, we also present multi-wavelength data for quasars from GALEX, UKIDSS, WISE, FIRST, ROSAT/2RXS, XMM-Newton, and Gaia. Calibrated digital optical spectra for these quasars can be obtained from the SDSS Science Archive Server.

arXiv comment32 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. Accepted to ApJS. Catalog files are available at https://data.sdss.org/sas/dr16/eboss/qso/DR16Q/ . A summary of all SDSS BAO and RSD measurements with legacy figures can be found at https://www.sdss.org/science/final-bao-and-rsd-measurements/ while full cosmological interpretation of these can be found at https://www.sdss.org/science/cosmology-results-from-eboss/

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• Transient LoBALs at high velocities: A Case of Extreme Broad Absorption Line Variability in J115636.82+085628.9
• Solar peculiar motion inferred from dipole anisotropy in redshift distribution of quasars appears to lie along the Galactic Centre direction
• Exploring faint white dwarfs and the luminosity function with Subaru HSC and SDSS in Stripe 82
• COMAP Pathfinder -- Season 2 results IV. A stack on eBOSS/DESI quasars
• Photometric Objects Around Cosmic Webs (PAC). VI. High Satellite Fraction of Quasars
• The miniJPAS survey quasar selection V: combined algorithm
• The Luminosity of the Darkness: Schechter function in dark sirens
• Finding LoTSS of hosts for GRBs: a search for galaxy - gamma-ray burst coincidences at low frequencies with LOFAR
• Identifying Radio Active Galactic Nuclei with Machine Learning and Large-Area Surveys
• QUEST (Quasar Unsupervised Encoder and Synthesis Tool): A machine learning framework to generate quasar spectra
• Search for young stellar objects within 4XMM-DR13 using CatBoost and SPE
• Observational Constraints on Chaplygin Gas Models in Non-Minimally Coupled Power Law $f(Q)$ Gravity with Quasars
• Circumgalactic medium of quasar host galaxies at 0.4<z<0.8 probed by strong Mg II absorption
• The Impact of Spectroscopic Redshift Errors on Cosmological Measurements
• A New Member of the Fast and Furious Family: A Relativistic and Time-Variable UV Outflow in a Luminous Quasar
• Building a Radio AGN Sample from Cosmic Morning -- The Radio High-Redshift Quasar Catalog (RHzQCat): I. Catalog from SDSS Quasars and Radio Surveys at $z>3$
• AllBRICQS: The Discovery of Luminous Quasars in the Northern Hemisphere
• Testing the cosmological principle with quasars
• Investigating the Circumgalactic Medium through Mg II absorption coincidence
• AGILE: an end-to-end Rubin-LSST simulation of AGNs, galaxies, and stars I. Software description and first data release
• Quasars behind the disk of M31 galaxy
• The optical-infrared relation for active galactic nuclei: The role of contaminations
• Photometric redshifts for quasars from WISE-PS1-STRM
• The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey quasar sample: Testing observational systematics on the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurement
• Model-agnostic interpretation of 10 billion years of cosmic evolution traced by BOSS and eBOSS data
• SRG/eROSITA-SDSS view on the relation between X-ray and UV emission for quasars
• The miniJPAS survey quasar selection I: Mock catalogues for classification
• X-ray Properties of the Luminous Quasar PG 1634+706 at z = 1.337 from SRG and XMM-Newton Data
• A Treasure Hunt in the Pool of Spectra Classified as High-redshift QSOs by the Spectroscopic Pipeline of the SDSS DR16
• SDSS low z quasar companion galaxies
• Cosmological implications of the full shape of anisotropic clustering measurements in BOSS and eBOSS
• Gravastars in a Non-minimally Coupled Gravity with Electromagnetism
• Where's Swimmy?: Mining unique color features buried in galaxies by deep anomaly detection using Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam data
• Testing Large-Scale Structure Measurements Against Fisher Matrix Predictions
• Can X-ray Observations Improve Optical-UV-based Accretion-Rate Estimates for Quasars?
• Lya2pcf: an efficient pipeline to estimate two- and three-point correlation functions of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest
• Ultra-luminous high-redshift quasars from SkyMapper -- II. New quasars and the bright end of the luminosity function
• High-$z$ Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ) II. Deep GMOS spectroscopy of a QSO lens candidate
• GalSBI-SPS: a stellar population synthesis-based galaxy population model for cosmology and galaxy evolution applications
• Evidence for the connection between star formation rate and evolutionary phases of quasars
• The evolution of extragalactic peaked-spectrum sources down to 54 megahertz
• Estimating the completeness of the QUBRICS Survey with 3501 QSO redshifts from Gaia DR3 spectra
• Impacts of Voids, Line of Sight Interactions, and Local Emission Environment on Detectability of Gamma-Ray AGN