Discovering strongly lensed quasar candidates with catalogue-based methods from DESI Legacy Surveys

Abstract

The Hubble tension, revealed by a $\sim 5\sigma$ discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble-Lemaitre constant from early- and local-Universe observations, is one of the most significant problems in modern cosmology. In order to better understand the origin of this mismatch, independent techniques to measure $H_0$, such as strong lensing time delays, are required. Notably, the sample size of such systems is key to minimising statistical uncertainties and cosmic variance, which can be improved by exploring the datasets of large-scale sky surveys like DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument). We identify possible strong lensing time-delay systems within DESI by selecting candidate multiply imaged lensed quasars from a catalogue of 24,440,816 candidate QSOs contained in the 9th data release of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (DESI-LS). Using a friend-of-friends-like algorithm on spatial co-ordinates, our method generates an initial list of compact quasar groups. This list is subsequently filtered using a measure of the similarity of colours of a group's members and the likelihood that they are quasars. A visual inspection finally selects candidate strong lensing systems based on the spatial configuration of the group members. We identify 620 new candidate multiply imaged lensed quasars (101 Grade-A, 214 Grade-B, 305 Grade-C). This number excludes 53 known spectroscopically confirmed systems and existing candidate systems identified in other similar catalogues. When available, these new candidates will be further checked by combining the spectroscopic and photometric data from DESI. The catalogues and images of the candidates in this work are available online (https://github.com/EigenHermit/lensed_qso_cand_catalogue_He-22/).

arXiv commentAccepted by A&A. 14 pages, 11 figures. Comments are welcome

References in corpus (65)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
• Tensions between the Early and the Late Universe
• H0LiCOW XIII. A 2.4% measurement of $H_0$ from lensed quasars: $5.3\sigma$ tension between early and late-Universe probes
• Information criteria for astrophysical model selection
• The SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Overview and Early Data
• The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
• A distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud that is precise to one per cent
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Sixteenth Data Release
• New physics in light of the $H_0$ tension: an alternative view
• On the Hubble constant tension in the SNe Ia Pantheon sample
• H0LiCOW - IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant
• The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
• Lenstronomy: multi-purpose gravitational lens modelling software package
• Elucidating $\Lambda$CDM: Impact of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements on the Hubble Constant Discrepancy
• STRIDES: a 3.9 per cent measurement of the Hubble constant from the strong lens system DES J0408-5354
• First Cosmological Results using Type Ia Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: Measurement of the Hubble Constant
• Cosmology from gravitational lens time delays and Planck data
• Project Overview of the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey
• The SL2S Galaxy-scale Lens Sample. IV. The dependence of the total mass density profile of early-type galaxies on redshift, stellar mass, and size
• Consistent Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch in the Large Magellanic Cloud on the Hubble Space Telescope Photometric System and a Re-determination of the Hubble Constant
• CMU DeepLens: Deep Learning For Automatic Image-based Galaxy-Galaxy Strong Lens Finding
• lenstronomy II: A gravitational lensing software ecosystem
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Measurement of the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation scale in the distribution of galaxies to redshift 1
• Finding Strong Gravitational Lenses in the Kilo Degree Survey with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Measuring the Hubble constant with Type Ia supernovae as near-infrared standard candles
• Gravitational lens modeling with basis sets
• The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. II. Investigating Mass-Density Profile Evolution in the SLACS+BELLS Strong Gravitational Lens Sample
• A model-independent determination of the Hubble constant from lensed quasars and supernovae using Gaussian process regression
• The stellar and dark matter distributions in elliptical galaxies from the ensemble of strong gravitational lenses
• Cosmology with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope -- Multi-Probe Strategies
• Gravitationally Lensed Quasars in Gaia: II. Discovery of 24 Lensed Quasars
• The multiple quasar Q2237+0305 under a microlensing caustic
• Gravitationally lensed quasars in Gaia: III. 22 new lensed quasars from Gaia Data Release 2
• Discovering New Strong Gravitational Lenses in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
• The Discovery of a Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z = 6.51
• A large accretion disk of extreme eccentricity in the TDE ASASSN-14li
• Improving time-delay cosmography with spatially resolved kinematics
• Gravitationally lensed quasars in Gaia -- IV. 150 new lenses, quasar pairs, and projected quasars
• Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Quasar (QSO) Sample
• STRIDES: Automated uniform models for 30 quadruply imaged quasars
• Data Mining for Gravitationally Lensed Quasars
• High-quality strong lens candidates in the final Kilo Degree survey footprint
• Strong lens systems search in the Dark Energy Survey using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Hot New Early Dark Energy
• Measuring Microlensing using Spectra of Multiply Lensed Quasars
• KiDS-SQuaD: The KiDS Strongly lensed Quasar Detection project
• TDCOSMO. VII. Boxyness/discyness in lensing galaxies : Detectability and impact on $H_0$
• Deep Learning for Strong Lensing Search: Tests of the Convolutional Neural Networks and New Candidates from KiDS DR3
• CHITAH: Strong-gravitational-lens hunter in imaging surveys
• Microlensing of the broad-line region in the quadruply imaged quasar HE0435-1223
• Statistical strong lensing. I. Constraints on the inner structure of galaxies from samples of a thousand lenses
• The Third Data Release of the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey
• Microlensing of the broad emission lines in 27 gravitationally lensed quasars. Broad line region structure and kinematics
• Revisiting the Lensed Fraction of High-Redshift Quasars
• SDSS J094604.90+183541.8: A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar at z=4.8
• Bright lenses are easy to find: Spectroscopic confirmation of lensed quasars in the Southern Sky
• Finding quadruply imaged quasars with machine learning. I. Methods
• The Hubble tension in the non-flat Super-$\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ model
• SQUAB I: The first release of Strange QUasar candidates with ABnormal astrometric characteristics from Gaia EDR3 and SDSS

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Streamlined Lensed Quasar Identification in Multiband Images via Ensemble Networks
• Discovery of 19 strongly-lensed quasars, dual and projected quasars in DESI-LS
• Discovery of the lensed quasar eRASS1 J050129.5-073309 with $\text{SRG}/$eROSITA and $Gaia$
• A Targeted Search for Variable Gravitationally Lensed Quasars
• Searching for strong lensing by late-type galaxies in UNIONS
• A dense dark matter core of the subhalo in the strong lensing system JVAS B1938+666
• Search for Quasar Pairs with $Gaia$ Astrometric Data. I. Method and Candidates
• Finding Lensed Radio Sources with the VLA Sky Survey