The Dawn of Black Holes

Abstract

In the last decades, luminous accreting super-massive black holes have been discovered within the first Gyr after the Big Bang, but their origin is still an unsolved mystery. We discuss our state-of-the-art theoretical knowledge of their formation physics and early growth, and describe the results of dedicated observational campaigns in the X-ray band. We also provide an overview of how these systems can be used to derive cosmological parameters. Finally, we point out some open issues, in light of future electro-magnetic and gravitational-wave astronomical facilities.

This Chapter will appear in the Section "Active Galactic Nuclei in X and Gamma-rays" (Section Editors: A. de Rosa, C. Vignali) of the "Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics" (Editors in chief: C. Bambi and A. Santangelo)

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