Feedback-regulated Super Massive Black Hole Seed Formation

Abstract

The nature of the seeds of high-redshift supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a key question in cosmology. Direct collapse black holes (DCBH) that form in pristine, atomic-line cooling halos, illuminated by a Lyman-Werner (LW) UV flux exceeding a critical threshold J_crit, represent an attractive possibility. We investigate when and where these conditions are met during cosmic evolution. For the LW intensity, J_LW, we account for departures from the background value in close proximity to star forming galaxies. For the pristine halo fraction, we account for both (i) supernova driven outflows, and (ii) the inherent pollution from progenitor halos. We estimate the abundance of DCBH formation sites, n_DCBH(z), and find that it increases with cosmic time from n_DCBH(z=20) ~ 1e-12 -1e-7 cMpc^-3 to n_DCBH(z=10) ~ 1e-10 - 1e-5 cMpc^-3. Our analysis shows the possible importance of galactic winds, which can suppress the predicted n_DCBH by several orders of magnitude, and cause DCBH formation to preferentially occur around the UV-brightest (M_UV ~ -22 to -20) star forming galaxies. Our analysis further highlights the dependence of these predictions on (i) the escape fraction of LW photons, (ii) J_crit, and (iii) the galactic outflow prescription.

13 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (15)

• The critical radiation intensity for direct collapse black hole formation: dependence on the radiation spectral shape
• X-ray constraints on the local supermassive black hole occupation fraction
• Formation of massive protostars in atomic cooling haloes
• Direct collapse black hole formation from synchronized pairs of atomic cooling halos
• How realistic UV spectra and X-rays suppress the abundance of direct collapse black holes
• The Direct Collapse of a Massive Black Hole Seed Under the Influence of an Anisotropic Lyman-Werner Source
• Does disk fragmentation prevent the formation of supermassive stars in protogalaxies?
• The suppression of direct collapse black hole formation by soft X-ray irradiation
• How an improved implementation of H2 self-shielding influences the formation of massive stars and black holes
• The formation of massive primordial stars in the presence of moderate UV backgrounds
• Songlines from Direct Collapse Seed Black Holes: Effects of X-rays on Black Hole Growth and Stellar Populations
• Thermal instability and multi-phase interstellar medium in the first galaxies
• Formation of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars in the presence of far ultraviolet radiation
• Effects of turbulence and rotation on protostar formation as a precursor to seed black holes
• Gravitational Waves from Direct Collapse Black Holes Formation