Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies

Abstract

We investigate the coupled formation and evolution of galaxies and their embedded supermassive black holes using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of cosmological structure formation. For the first time, we self-consistently follow the dark matter dynamics, radiative gas cooling, star formation, as well as black hole growth and associated feedback processes, starting directly from initial conditions appropriate for the LambdaCDM cosmology. Our modeling of the black hole physics is based on an approach we have developed in simulations of isolated galaxy mergers. Here we examine: (i) the predicted global history of black hole mass assembly (ii) the evolution of the local black hole-host mass correlations and (iii) the conditions that allow rapid growth of the first quasars, and the properties of their hosts and descendants today. We find a total black hole mass density in good agreement with observational estimates. The black hole accretion rate density peaks at lower redshift and evolves more strongly at high redshift than the star formation rate density, but the ratio of black hole to stellar mass densities shows only a moderate evolution at low redshifts. We find strong correlations between black hole masses and properties of the stellar systems, agreeing well with the measured local M_BH-sigma and M_BH -M_* relationships, but also suggesting (dependent on the mass range) a weak evolution with redshift in the normalization and the slope. Our simulations also produce massive black holes at high redshift, due to extended periods of exponential growth in regions that collapse early and exhibit strong gas inflows. These first supermassive BH systems however are not necessarily the most massive ones today, since they are often overtaken in growth by quasars that form later. (abridged)

arXiv comment22 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ

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• Can supermassive black hole seeds form in galaxy mergers?
• Combining Semi-analytic Models with Simulations of Galaxy Clusters: the Need for Heating from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Simulations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect from Quasars
• The Mysterious Merger of NGC6868 and NGC6861 in the Telescopium Group
• Observability of Low-Luminosity AGN in the Early Universe with JWST
• Early Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations: Luminosity Functions and Clustering Behaviour
• X-ray observation of ULAS J1120+0641, the most distant quasar at z=7.08
• How AGN feedback drives the size growth of the first quasars
• Angular Momentum and the Formation of Stars and Black Holes
• Cosmology dependence of galaxy cluster scaling relations
• Exploring the cosmological synergy between galaxy cluster and cosmic void number counts
• Advanced localization of massive black hole coalescences with LISA
• Extreme star formation in the host galaxies of the fastest growing super-massive black holes at z=4.8
• Identifying Direct Collapse Black Hole Seeds through their Small Host Galaxies
• The Blackhole-Dark Matter Halo Connection
• Where do galaxies end? Comparing measurement techniques of hydrodynamic-simulation galaxies' integrated properties
• Constraining AGN triggering mechanisms through the clustering analysis of active black holes
• A Census of Quasar-Intrinsic Absorption in the Hubble Space Telescope Archive: Systems from High Resolution Echelle Spectra
• Radiation-induced large-scale structure during the reionization epoch: the autocorrelation function
• AGN Triality of Triple Mergers: Detection of Faint X-ray Point Sources
• Observational evidence that positive and negative AGN feedback depends on galaxy mass and jet power
• Placing High-Redshift Quasars in Perspective: a Catalog of Spectroscopic Properties from the Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph -- Distant Quasar Survey
• Testing the Evolution of the Correlations between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies using Eight Strongly Lensed Quasars
• Zooming in on supermassive black holes: how resolving their gas cloud host renders their accretion episodic
• Hyper-Eddington Black Hole Growth in Star-Forming Molecular Clouds and Galactic Nuclei: Can It Happen?
• Hosts and triggers of AGNs in the Local Universe
• Optical, near-IR and sub-mm IFU Observations of the nearby dual AGN Mrk 463
• Metallicity and Far-Infrared Luminosity of High Redshift Quasars
• Formation of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei II: retention and growth of seed intermediate-mass black holes
• The SATIN project I: Turbulent multi-phase ISM in Milky Way simulations with SNe feedback from stellar clusters
• Host Galaxies of z=4 Quasars
• The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. II. Evolution to the local universe
• Dusty Gas Accretion onto Massive Black Holes and Infrared Diagnosis of the Eddington Ratio
• The UV--mid-IR Spectral Energy Distribution of a z=1.7 Quasar Host Galaxy
• A Direct Measurement of the Mean Occupation Function of Quasars: Breaking Degeneracies between Halo Occupation Distribution Models
• Growth of Early Supermassive Black Holes and the High-Redshift Eddington Ratio Distribution
• The interconnection between galaxy mergers, AGN activity and rapid quenching of star formation in simulated post-merger galaxies
• Enhanced star formation in $z\sim 6$ quasar companions
• Black Hole Mass Estimation: How good is the virial estimate?
• Dynamical evolution of massive black holes in galactic-scale N-body simulations - introducing the regularized tree code "rVINE"
• The Impact of Outflows driven by Active Galactic Nuclei on Metals in and around Galaxies
• Cosmological simulations of quasar fueling to sub-parsec scales using Lagrangian hyper-refinement
• Dissecting the complex environment of a distant quasar with MUSE
• Feedback by supermassive black holes in galaxy evolution: impacts of accretion and outflows on the star formation rate
• The Halo Occupation Distribution of Obscured Quasars: Revisiting the Unification Model
• Environmental effects on the growth of super massive black holes and AGN feedback
• Distinctive 21 cm structures of the first stars, galaxies, and quasars
• A practical guide to the massive black hole cosmic history
• Multipole Analysis of Kicks in Collision of Binary Black Holes
• The spatial distribution of X-ray selected AGN in the Chandra deep fields: a theoretical perspective
• The Obsidian model: Three regimes of black hole feedback
• Dynamical friction and evolution of black holes in cosmological simulations: a new implementation in OpenGadget3
• Predictions of Quasar Clustering: Redshift, Luminosity and Selection Dependence
• An upper limit to the central density of dark matter haloes from consistency with the presence of massive central black holes
• The central engine of the highest redshift blazar
• Constraints on ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}$ and ${\sigma }_8$ from the potential-based cluster temperature function
• The Relative Growth of Black Holes and of the Stellar Components of Galaxies
• Examining subgrid models of supermassive black holes in cosmological simulation
• Isothermal Bondi accretion in two-component Jaffe galaxies with a central black hole
• Cosmic evolution of black hole-spin and galaxy orientations: clues from the NewHorizon and Galactica simulations
• The Role of Nuclear Star Clusters in Enhancing Supermassive Black Hole Feeding Rates During Galaxy Mergers
• An examination of magnetized outflows from active galactic nuclei in galaxy clusters
• The role of gravitational recoil in the assembly of massive black hole seeds
• Heating and enriching the intracluster medium
• On the accuracy of dark matter halo merger trees and the consequences for semi-analytic models of galaxy formation
• Simulations of black hole fueling in isolated and merging galaxies with an explicit, multiphase ISM
• The Halo Occupation Distribution of Black Holes: Dependence on Mass
• Interactive Visual Exploration of Halos in Large Scale Cosmology Simulation
• Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes from Cosmological Simulations
• First emergence of cold accretion and supermassive star formation in the early universe
• CO in the ALMA Radio-Source Catalogue (ARC): the molecular gas content of radio galaxies as a function of redshift
• Luminosity function of [OII] emission-line galaxies in the MassiveBlack-II simulation
• Radio Crickets: Chirping Jets from Black Hole Binaries Entering their Gravitational Wave Inspiral
• Optical Properties of Peaked Spectrum Radio Sources
• A Bayesian Monte-Carlo Analysis of the M-sigma Relation
• Quasistationary solutions of scalar fields around accreting black holes
• Compatibility of the Large Quasar Groups with the Concordance Cosmological Model
• Accretion onto Intermediate-mass Seed Black Holes in Primordial Galaxies
• Molecular gas excitation and outflow properties of obscured quasars at z$\sim$0.1
• Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Signal from Quasar Hosts: Implications for Detection of Quasar Feedback
• Terapixel imaging of cosmological simulations
• Evolution of luminosity function and obscuration of AGN: connecting X-ray and Infrared
• A geometric approach to non-linear correlations with intrinsic scatter
• Abundance profiles in cooling-core clusters: a fossil record of past AGN-driven convection?
• An Enhanced Massive Black Hole Occupation Fraction Predicted in Cluster Dwarf Galaxies
• Hydrodynamic simulations of the Disk of Gas Around Supermassive black holes (HDGAS) -I; Molecular Gas Dynamics
• RABBITS -- II. The impact of AGN feedback on coalescing supermassive black holes in disc and elliptical galaxy mergers
• The Star Formation and AGN luminosity relation: Predictions from a semi-analytical model
• Accretion onto supermassive and intermediate mass black holes in cosmological simulations
• A CRASH simulation of the contribution of binary stars to the epoch of reionization
• AGN Triality of Triple Mergers: Multi-wavelength Classifications
• Cosmological Simulation of Galaxy Groups and Clusters-I: Global Effect of Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• Dark matter halos and the M-σrelation for supermassive black holes
• Growth and anisotropy of ionization fronts near high redshift quasars in the MassiveBlack simulation
• Spectroscopically Identified Emission Line Galaxy Pairs in the WISP survey
• Stellar populations of galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey up to $z\sim 1$. II. Stellar content of quiescent galaxies within the dust-corrected stellar mass$-$colour and the $UVJ$ colour$-$colour diagrams
• Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph - Distant Quasar Survey: Prescriptions for Calibrating UV-Based Estimates of Supermassive Black Hole Masses in High-Redshift Quasars
• Emergence of Galactic Morphologies at Cosmic Dawn: Input from Numerical Modeling
• Co-Evolution vs. Co-existence: The Effect of Accretion Modelling on the Evolution of Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Mid-infrared Spectral Properties of Post-Starburst Quasars
• Classical bulges, supermassive blackholes and AGN feedback: Extension to low-mass galaxies
• Confronting predictions of the galaxy stellar mass function with observations at high-redshift
• Gravitational Wave Bursts from Collisions of Primordial Black Holes in Clusters
• Strong gravitational lensing by AGNs as a probe of the quasar-host relations in the distant Universe
• Feeding and Feedback in nearby AGN - Comparison with the Milky Way center
• Hungry or Not: How Stellar-Mass Black Holes Grow (or Don't) in Dark Matter Mini-Haloes at High-Resolution
• Finding binary active galactic nuclei candidates by the centroid shift in imaging surveys II. Testing the method with SDSS J233635.75-010733.7
• Cosmological Simulation of Galaxy Groups and Clusters-II: Studying Different Modes of Feedback through X-ray Observations
• Stellar populations of galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey up to $z\sim 1$. III. The stellar content of the quiescent galaxy population during the last $8$ Gyr
• COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
• Identifying type II quasars at intermediate redshift with few-shot learning photometric classification
• Prospects for the polarimetric mapping of the Sgr A molecular cloud complex with IXPE
• 3D spectroscopy with GTC-MEGARA of the triple AGN candidate in SDSS J102700.40+174900.8
• Premature supermassive black hole mergers in cosmological simulations of structure formation
• The Noctua Suite of Simulations -- The Difficulty of Growing Massive Black Holes in Low-Mass Dwarf Galaxies
• Modeling the Initial Conditions of Interacting Galaxy Pairs Using Identikit
• Prospects for IXPE and eXTP polarimetric archaeology of the reflection nebulae in the Galactic center
• A post-merger enhancement only in star-forming Type 2 Seyfert galaxies: the deep learning view
• Causal Discovery in Astrophysics: Unraveling Supermassive Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution
• Growth of Light Seed Black Holes in the Early Universe
• Dynamical and thermal properties of the parsec-scale gases spherically accreted onto low luminous active galactic nuclei
• A new approach to constraining properties of AGN host galaxies by combining image and SED decomposition: testing upon the MBH-M* relation
• Galaxy formation hydrodynamics: From cosmic flows to star-forming clouds
• A High-resolution SZ View of the Warm-Hot Universe
• Mean Occupation Function of High Redshift Quasars from the Planck Cluster Catalog
• Predicting High-magnification Events in Microlensed Quasars in the Era of LSST using Recurrent Neural Networks
• Magnetically Driven Relativistic Jet in the High-Redshift Blazar OH~471
• Resolving Gas Flows in the Ultraluminous Starburst IRAS23365+3604 with Keck LGSAO/OSIRIS
• Indirect dark matter searches at ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors
• Gas flows in an Active galactic nuclei. I. Two-phase gas inflow
• Why and when is internally-driven AGN feedback energetically favoured?
• Exploring the physical properties of Type II Quasar candidates at intermediate redshifts with CIGALE
• Cosmic antimatter: models and observational bounds
• Cosmological evolution of gas and supermassive black holes in idealized isolated halos
• Gravitational potential drives the concentration dependence of the stellar mass-halo mass relation
• Black hole merger rates for LISA and LGWA from semi-analytical modelling of light seeds
• On the consistency of jet feedback modelling across different astrophysics hydrodynamical codes
• Simulated X-ray Emission in Galaxy Clusters with Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei
• N-Body Simulations of Gas-free Disc Galaxies with SMBH Seed in Binary Systems
• Massive black hole formation in dense stellar environments: Enhanced X-ray detection rates in high velocity dispersion nuclear star clusters
• Mass transport in galaxy discs limits black hole growth to sub-Eddington rates
• Rapid sinking and efficient mergers of supermassive black holes in compact high-redshift galaxies
• Scaling Relations Between Low-mass Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The Galaxy Evolution Probe
• Growing supermassive black holes: sub-grid modelling and intermediate-scale processes