Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST

Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope will have the power to characterize high-redshift quasars at z>6 with an unprecedented depth and spatial resolution. While the brightest quasars at such redshift (i.e., with bolometric luminosity L_bol> 10^46 erg/s) provide us with key information on the most extreme objects in the Universe, measuring the black hole (BH) mass and Eddington ratios of fainter quasars with L_bol= 10^45-10^46 erg/s opens a path to understand the build-up of more normal BHs at z>6. In this paper, we show that the Illustris, TNG100, TNG300, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA large-scale cosmological simulations do not agree on whether BHs at z>4 are overmassive or undermassive at fixed galaxy stellar mass with respect to the M_BH-M_star scaling relation at z=0 (BH mass offsets). Our conclusions are unchanged when using the local scaling relation produced by each simulation or empirical relations. We find that the BH mass offsets of the simulated faint quasar population at z>4, unlike those of bright quasars, represent the BH mass offsets of the entire BH population, for all the simulations. Thus, a population of faint quasars with L_bol= 10^45-10^46 erg/s observed by JWST can provide key constraints on the assembly of BHs at high redshift. Moreover, this will help constraining the high-redshift regime of cosmological simulations, including BH seeding, early growth, and co-evolution with the host galaxies. Our results also motivate the need for simulations of larger cosmological volumes down to z=6, with the same diversity of sub-grid physics, in order to gain statistics on the most extreme objects at high redshift.

published in MNRAS, 19 pages, 8 figures, key figures: Fig. 3, Fig.5, and Fig. 7

References in corpus (50)

• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• Introducing the Illustris Project: the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies
• A Luminous Quasar at Redshift 7.642
• The Pan-STARRS1 distant z>5.6 quasar survey: more than 100 quasars within the first Gyr of the universe
• Pōniuā'ena: A Luminous $z=7.5$ Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole
• The Final SDSS High-Redshift Quasar Sample of 52 Quasars at z>5.7
• The Size Evolution of Star-forming and Quenched Galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation
• The dark nemesis of galaxy formation: why hot haloes trigger black hole growth and bring star formation to an end
• How Mergers May Affect The Mass Scaling Relations Between Black Holes, Galaxies, and Other Gravitationally Bound Systems
• Four quasars above redshift 6 discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey
• Black Holes on FIRE: Stellar Feedback Limits Early Feeding of Galactic Nuclei
• The mass relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at 1<z<2 with HST-WFC3
• Half of the Most Luminous Quasars May Be Obscured: Investigating the Nature of WISE-Selected Hot, Dust-Obscured Galaxies
• The identification of z-dropouts in Pan-STARRS1: three quasars at 6.5<z<6.7
• Kiloparsec-scale ALMA Imaging of [CII] and Dust Continuum Emission of 27 Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6
• The erratic dynamical life of black hole seeds in high-redshift galaxies
• No significant evolution of relations between Black hole mass and Galaxy total stellar mass up to z~2.5
• The (black hole)-bulge mass scaling relation at low masses
• Copious Amounts of Dust and Gas in a z=7.5 Quasar Host Galaxy
• The Kinematics of z ~ 6 Quasar Host Galaxies
• Six more quasars at redshift 6 discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey
• The compact, ~1 kpc host galaxy of a quasar at z=7.1
• The Subaru high-z quasar survey: discovery of faint z~6 quasars
• The X-SHOOTER/ALMA sample of Quasars in the Epoch of Reionization. I. NIR spectral modeling, iron enrichment and broad emission line properties
• Three new VHS-DES Quasars at 6.7 < z < 6.9 and Emission Line Properties at z > 6.5
• Two bright z > 6 quasars from VST ATLAS and a new method of optical plus mid-infra-red colour selection
• Black Hole -- Galaxy Correlations in Simba
• The discovery of a highly accreting, radio-loud quasar at z=6.82
• The Faint End of the Quasar Luminosity Function at $z\sim 5$ from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
• Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations II: the AGN population and predictions for upcoming X-ray missions
• No overdensity of Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies around a quasar at z~5.7
• Seeds Don't Sink: Even Massive Black Hole "Seeds" Cannot Migrate to Galaxy Centers Efficiently
• The Discovery of Three New z>5 Quasars in the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey
• Discovery of Eight z ~ 6 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Overlap Regions
• An ALMA multi-line survey of the ISM in two quasar host-companion galaxy pairs at $z>6$
• Probing the Nature of High Redshift Weak Emission Line Quasars: A Young Quasar with a Starburst Host Galaxy
• The Radio Galaxy Population in the SIMBA SImulations
• Limits to Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Emission From Far-Infrared-Luminous z~6 Quasar Hosts
• Chandra and Magellan/FIRE follow-up observations of PSO167-13: an X-ray weak QSO at $z=6.515$
• Observing the host galaxies of high-redshift quasars with JWST: predictions from the BlueTides simulation
• The dust attenuation law in $z\sim 6$ quasars
• Bringing faint active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to light: a view from large-scale cosmological simulations

Cited by in corpus (33)

• JADES. The diverse population of infant Black Holes at 4<z<11: merging, tiny, poor, but mighty
• GA-NIFS: A massive black hole in a low-metallicity AGN at $z\sim 5.55$ revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• Detection of stellar light from quasar host galaxies at redshifts above 6
• A Preferential Growth Channel for Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies at z<2
• Properties and Evolution of Dual and Offset AGN in the ASTRID Simulation at $z\sim 2$
• The Age of Discovery with the James Webb: Excavating the Spectral Signatures of the First Massive Black Holes
• Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: coevolution with massive quasar hosts
• Probing the $z\gtrsim 6$ quasars in a universe with IllustrisTNG physics: Impact of gas-based black hole seeding models
• How long do high-redshift massive black hole seeds remain outliers in black hole vs. host galaxy relations?
• Life cycle of cosmic-ray electrons in the intracluster medium
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• On the Connection between Supermassive Black Hole and Galaxy Growth in the Reionization Epoch
• The miniJPAS survey: AGN & host galaxy co-evolution of X-ray selected sources
• On the origin of star formation quenching in massive galaxies at $z\gtrsim 3$ in the cosmological simulations IllustrisTNG
• TRINITY II: The Luminosity-dependent Bias of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass--Galaxy Mass Relation for Bright Quasars at $z=6$
• Testing the evolutionary pathways of galaxies and their supermassive black holes and the impact of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei via large multiwavelength datasets
• The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times II. Heavy Seeds and (Super)Massive Black Holes
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: X-ray beacons at late cosmic dawn
• The evolution of cosmic ray electrons in the cosmic web: seeding by AGN, star formation and shocks
• Concordance between observations and simulations in the evolution of the mass relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
• Far-Infrared and [CII] observations of a z=7 blazar
• Accretion onto supermassive and intermediate mass black holes in cosmological simulations
• When Spectral Modeling Meets Convolutional Networks: A Method for Discovering Reionization-era Lensed Quasars in Multi-band Imaging Data
• The evolution of supermassive blackhole mass--bulge mass relation by a semi-analytic model, ${\nu }^2$GC
• The Noctua Suite of Simulations -- The Difficulty of Growing Massive Black Holes in Low-Mass Dwarf Galaxies
• Radio Observations as a Probe of Cosmic Web Magnetism
• Tracing black hole and galaxy growth across environments since cosmic noon
• Large-scale environments of star-forming active galactic nuclei: How black hole mass, accretion rate, and luminosity connect to dark matter halos
• Investigating the residuals in the $M_{\bullet }-M_{\ast }$ relation using the SIMBA cosmological simulation
• Gamma Analytical Modeling Evolution (GAME) I: The physical implications of deriving the stellar mass functions from z=0 to z=8
• The black hole population in low-mass galaxies in large-scale cosmological simulations
• Black Hole-Galaxy Correlations in Cluster Zoomed-in Simulations: GIZMO-SIMBA and TNG-Cluster
• Massive black holes and their galaxies