The (black hole)-bulge mass scaling relation at low masses

Abstract

Several recent papers have reported on the occurrence of active galactic nuclei (AGN) containing under-massive black holes relative to a linear scaling relation between black hole mass (M_bh) and host spheroid stellar mass (M_sph,*). Dramatic revisions to the M_bh-M_sph,* and M_bh-L_sph relations, based on samples containing predominantly inactive galaxies, have however recently identified a new steeper relation at M_bh < (2-10)x10^8 M_Sun, roughly corresponding to M_sph,* < (0.3-1)x10^{11} M_Sun. We show that this steeper, quadratic-like M_bh-M_sph,* relation defined by the Sersic galaxies, i.e. galaxies without partially depleted cores, roughly tracks the apparent offset of the AGN having 10^5 < M_bh/M_Sun < 0.5x10^8. That is, these AGN are not randomly offset with low black hole masses, but also follow a steeper (non-linear) relation. As noted by Busch et al., confirmation or rejection of a possible AGN offset from the steeper M_bh-M_sph,* relation defined by the Sersic galaxies will benefit from improved stellar mass-to-light ratios for the spheroids hosting these AGN. Several implications for formation theories are noted. Furthermore, reasons for possible under- and over-massive black holes, the potential existence of intermediate mass black holes (<10^5 M_Sun), and the new steep (black hole)--(nuclear star cluster) relation, M_bh ~ (M_nc)^{2.7+/-0.7}, are also discussed.

ApJ, in press (accepted Oct 28, 2014). Two figures

References in corpus (37)

• The SAURON project -- IX. A kinematic classification for early-type galaxies
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies
• The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey. VIII. The Nuclei of Early-Type Galaxies
• An ultraviolet-optical flare from the tidal disruption of a helium-rich stellar core
• A New Sample of Low-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies
• A synthesis model for AGN evolution: supermassive black holes growth and feedback modes
• How Mergers May Affect The Mass Scaling Relations Between Black Holes, Galaxies, and Other Gravitationally Bound Systems
• A Supermassive Black Hole in an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy
• Color--Mass-to-Light Ratio Relations for Disk Galaxies
• The black hole mass -- stellar velocity dispersion correlation: bulges versus pseudobulges
• The Coincidence of Nuclear Star Clusters and Active Galactic Nuclei
• An Over-Massive Black Hole in the Compact Lenticular Galaxy NGC1277
• The old nuclear star cluster in the Milky Way: dynamics, mass, statistical parallax, and black hole mass
• Uniting Old Stellar Systems: From Globular Clusters to Giant Ellipticals
• The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey. X. Nuclear star clusters in low-mass early-type galaxies: scaling relations
• Updated Mass Scaling Relations for Nuclear Star Clusters and a Comparison to Supermassive Black Holes
• The energy output of the Universe from 0.1 micron to 1000 micron
• Rapidly growing black holes and host galaxies in the distant Universe from the Herschel Radio Galaxy Evolution Project
• The Host Galaxy and Central Engine of the Dwarf AGN POX 52
• NTT, Spitzer and Chandra spectroscopy of SDSSJ095209.56+214313.3: the most luminous coronal-line supernova ever observed, or a stellar tidal disruption event ?
• Research Update on Extreme-Mass-Ratio Inspirals
• Preventing Star Formation in Early-Type Galaxies with Late-Time Stellar Heating
• Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers. Bulge-disc structural coupling resulting from major mergers
• HST/WFPC2 imaging of the circumnuclear structure of LLAGNs. I Data and nuclear morphology
• Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Low-mass Black Holes
• Kinematics and Stellar Populations of Low-Luminosity Early-Type Galaxies in the Abell 496 Cluster
• The Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Instrument Overview
• Signatures of the M31-M32 Galactic Collision
• SMBH in Galactic Nuclei with Tidal Disruption of Stars
• Effects of Inclination on Measuring Velocity Dispersion and Implications for Black Holes
• The Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Instrument Overview
• AMUSE-Field II. Nucleation of early-type galaxies in the field vs. cluster environment
• Single-Epoch Black Hole Mass Estimators For Broad-Line Active Galactic Nuclei: Recalibrating Hbeta with A New Approach
• The black hole - host galaxy relation for very low-mass quasars
• The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: Overview of innovative science programs
• Science Case and Requirements for the MOSAIC Concept for a Multi-Object Spectrograph for the European Extremely Large Telescope

Cited by in corpus (44)

• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Masses of the Central Black Holes in Nearby Low-mass Early-type Galactic Nuclei And the First Black Hole Determination for NGC 205
• Black hole masses of tidal disruption event host galaxies
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-Type Galaxies: $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,sph}$ and $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,gal}$
• Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Mass of the central Black Hole in NGC 404
• Radio jets from AGN in dwarf galaxies in the COSMOS survey: mechanical feedback out to redshift $\sim$3.4
• Relationship between star formation rate and black hole accretion at z=2: The different contributions in quiescent, normal and starburst galaxies
• Co-evolution of massive black holes and their host galaxies at high redshift: discrepancies from six cosmological simulations and the key role of JWST
• The Origins of Off-Centre Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• Black Hole Binaries in Galactic Nuclei and Gravitational Wave Sources
• The Chandra Deep Fields: Lifting the Veil on Distant Active Galactic Nuclei and X-Ray Emitting Galaxies
• Appreciating mergers for understanding the non-linear $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{spheroid}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{galaxy}}$ relations, updated herein, and the implications for the (reduced) role of AGN feedback
• The most massive black holes on the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Accretion
• Probing black hole accretion tracks, scaling relations and radiative efficiencies from stacked X-ray active galactic nuclei
• Modelling the cosmic spectral energy distribution and extragalactic background light over all time
• The first Super Massive Black Holes: indications from models for future observations
• Two channels of supermassive black hole growth as seen on the galaxies mass-size plane
• A Multi-wavelength Study of the Turbulent Central Engine of the Low-mass AGN hosted by NGC404
• The lifetime of binary black holes in Sérsic galaxy models
• Disky elliptical galaxies and the allegedly over-massive black hole in the compact massive `ES' galaxy NGC 1271
• The bulge masses of TDE host galaxies and their scaling with black hole mass
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Is NGC 6535 a Dark Star Cluster Harboring an IMBH?
• Detection of Enhanced Central Mass-to-Light Ratios in Low-Mass Early-Type Galaxies: Evidence for Black Holes?
• Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation -- XVII. Sizes, angular momenta and morphologies of high redshift galaxies
• Spin dynamics of a millisecond pulsar orbiting closely around a massive black hole
• A consistency-test for determining whether ultra-compact dwarf galaxies could be the remnant nuclei of threshed galaxies
• Reading the tea leaves in the $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{sph}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$R_{\mathrm{e},\mathrm{sph}}$ diagrams: dry and gaseous mergers with remnant angular momentum
• Star Formation in Simulated Galaxies: Understanding the Transition to Quiescence at $3\times 10^{10}$ M${}_{\odot }$
• Quashing a suspected selection bias in galaxy samples having dynamically-measured supermassive black holes
• The Discovery of a Hidden Broad Line AGN in a Bulgeless Galaxy: Keck NIR Spectroscopic Observations of SDSS J085153.64+392611.76
• The host galaxy of OJ 287 revealed by optical and near-infrared imaging
• The radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0323+342 in a galaxy merger
• Central X-ray point-sources found to be abundant in low-mass, late-type galaxies predicted to contain an intermediate-mass black hole
• Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
• Star Formation in Luminous LoBAL Quasars at 2.0<z<2.5
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Properties of IR selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• The role of scatter and satellites in shaping the large-scale clustering of X-ray AGN as a function of host galaxy stellar mass
• Early Growing Supermassive Black Holes Strengthen Bars and Boxy/Peanut Bulges
• The radio source in Abell 980: A Detached-Double-Double Radio Galaxy?
• Host galaxy and nuclear properties of IR-selected AGNs with and without outflow signatures
• Supermassive black holes in a mass-limited galaxy sample
• Obscured and unobscured X-ray AGNs I: Host galaxy properties
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei