Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: its consequences and the quest for the most fundamental relation

Abstract

We compare the set of local galaxies having dynamically measured black holes with a large, unbiased sample of galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We confirm earlier work showing that the majority of black hole hosts have significantly higher velocity dispersions sigma than local galaxies of similar stellar mass. We use Monte-Carlo simulations to illustrate the effect on black hole scaling relations if this bias arises from the requirement that the black hole sphere of influence must be resolved to measure black hole masses with spatially resolved kinematics. We find that this selection effect artificially increases the normalization of the Mbh-sigma relation by a factor of at least ~3; the bias for the Mbh-Mstar relation is even larger. Our Monte Carlo simulations and analysis of the residuals from scaling relations both indicate that sigma is more fundamental than Mstar or effective radius. In particular, the Mbh-Mstar relation is mostly a consequence of the Mbh-sigma and sigma-Mstar relations, and is heavily biased by up to a factor of 50 at small masses. This helps resolve the discrepancy between dynamically-based black hole-galaxy scaling relations versus those of active galaxies. Our simulations also disfavour broad distributions of black hole masses at fixed sigma. Correcting for this bias suggests that the calibration factor used to estimate black hole masses in active galaxies should be reduced to values of fvir~1. Black hole mass densities should also be proportionally smaller, perhaps implying significantly higher radiative efficiencies/black hole spins. Reducing black hole masses also reduces the gravitational wave signal expected from black hole mergers.

24 pages, 11 Figures, two Appendices. Replaced with accepted version in MNRAS. Minor revisions. A press release of the Royal Astronomical Society can be found at http://www.ras.org.uk/news-and-press/2861-black-holes-and-the-prospects-for-measuring-gravitational-waves

References in corpus (49)

• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• The stochastic gravitational-wave background from massive black hole binary systems: implications for observations with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Radio-Loudness of Active Galactic Nuclei: Observational Facts and Theoretical Implications
• The Luminosity Function of X-ray Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift
• How Mergers May Affect The Mass Scaling Relations Between Black Holes, Galaxies, and Other Gravitationally Bound Systems
• Super-Critical Growth of Massive Black Holes from Stellar-Mass Seeds
• The MORGANA model for the rise of galaxies and active nuclei
• Expected properties of the first gravitational wave signal detected with pulsar timing arrays
• Dependence of Galaxy Quenching on Halo Mass and Distance from its Centre
• A catalogue of 2D photometric decompositions in the SDSS-DR7 spectroscopic main galaxy sample: preferred models and systematics
• An Observed Fundamental Plane Relation for Supermassive Black Holes
• Rapid growth of seed black holes in the early universe by supra-exponential accretion
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. III. The M-sigma relation in the last six billion years
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. II: Scaling Relations at z=0.36
• The Black Hole Mass Scale of Classical and Pseudo Bulges in Active Galaxies
• Black Hole Growth in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• Investigating the Andromeda Stream: III. A Young Shell System in M31
• Stellar mass estimates in early-type galaxies: procedures, uncertainties and models dependence
• Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in 7 Late-type Galaxies
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: No Evidence for Evolution in the M-sigma Relation to z~1
• Modeling the cosmological co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies: I. BH scaling relations and the AGN luminosity function
• The (black hole)-bulge mass scaling relation at low masses
• The cosmic growth of the active black hole population at 1<z<2 in zCOSMOS, VVDS and SDSS
• Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Multi-Dimensional Transport
• Luminosity and stellar mass functions of disks and spheroids in the SDSS and the supermassive black hole mass function
• Binary super-massive black hole environments diminish the gravitational-wave signal in the pulsar timing band
• Hunting for Supermassive Black Holes in Nearby Galaxies with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope
• On the inconsistency between the black hole mass function inferred from M_bh-sigma and M_bh-L correlation
• A dust-parallax distance of 19 megaparsecs to the supermassive black hole in NGC 4151
• The high mass end of the stellar mass function: Dependence on stellar population models and agreement between fits to the light profile
• The effect of stellar feedback and quasar winds on the AGN population
• Mass without radiation: heavily obscured AGN, the X-ray Background and the Black Hole Mass Density
• The Black Hole - Bulge Mass Relation in Megamaser Host Galaxies
• The growth of the nuclear black holes in submillimeter galaxies
• Connecting Dark Matter Halos with the Galaxy Center and the Supermassive Black Hole
• Overmassive black holes in the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-\sigma$ diagram do not belong to over (dry) merged galaxies
• From cusps to cores: a stochastic model
• Constraints on Black Hole/Host Galaxy Co-evolution and Binary Stalling Using Pulsar Timing Arrays
• The Optical-Radio Mapping: the kinetic efficiency of Radio-Loud AGNs
• Star formation in 3CR radio galaxies and quasars at z < 1
• The Blackhole-Dark Matter Halo Connection
• Coevolution Between Supermassive Black Holes and Bulges Is Not Via Internal Feedback Regulation But By Rationed Gas Supply Due To Angular Momentum Distribution
• Black Hole Mass Estimation: How good is the virial estimate?
• Low-Mass Active Galactic Nuclei with Rapid X-Ray Variability
• Core shapes and orientations of core-Sersic galaxies
• The black hole - host galaxy relation for very low-mass quasars

Cited by in corpus (202)

• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. V: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals
• AGN wind scaling relations and the co-evolution of black holes and galaxies
• Supermassive black holes and their feedback effects in the IllustrisTNG simulation
• Universal bolometric corrections for AGN over 7 luminosity decades
• Gravitational wave searches for ultralight bosons with LIGO and LISA
• The Bolometric Quasar Luminosity Function at z = 0-7
• An ALMA [CII] survey of 27 quasars at z>5.94
• The Astrophysics of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves
• Primordial Black Holes as Generators of Cosmic Structures
• The cosmic evolution of massive black holes in the Horizon-AGN simulation
• Gravitational torque-driven black hole growth and feedback in cosmological simulations
• Unification of the Fundamental Plane and Super-Massive Black Holes Masses
• Blossoms from black hole seeds: properties and early growth regulated by supernova feedback
• The relationship between black hole mass and galaxy properties: Examining the black hole feedback model in IllustrisTNG
• The Gravitational Wave Background from Massive Black Hole Binaries in Illustris: spectral features and time to detection with pulsar timing arrays
• Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: M_BH-M_star relation and black hole mass function
• Formation of supermassive black hole seeds
• Molecular outflows in local ULIRGs: energetics from multi-transition OH analysis
• No significant evolution of relations between Black hole mass and Galaxy total stellar mass up to z~2.5
• Widespread star formation inside galactic outflows
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-Type Galaxies: $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,sph}$ and $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,gal}$
• Electromagnetic Counterparts to Massive Black Hole Mergers
• Linking black-hole growth with host galaxies: The accretion-stellar mass relation and its cosmic evolution
• Quenching as a Contest between Galaxy Halos and their Central Black Holes
• Massive black hole merger rates: the effect of kpc separation wandering and supernova feedback
• LeMMINGs. I. The eMERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. 1.5-GHz parsec-scale radio structures and cores
• Galaxy Evolution in the Radio Band: The Role of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• Measurement of the Extragalactic Background Light using MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations of blazars up to z = 1
• The low-end of the black hole mass function at cosmic dawn
• Interactions between multiple supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei: a solution to the final parsec problem
• Driving gas shells with radiation pressure on dust in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
• Black Hole - Galaxy Scaling Relationships for Active Galactic Nuclei with Reverberation Masses
• The Most Massive Galaxies and Black Holes Allowed by $\Lambda$CDM
• Black hole scaling relations of active and quiescent galaxies: Addressing selection effects and constraining virial factors
• Constraining astrophysical observables of Galaxy and Supermassive Black Hole Binary Mergers using Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Post-Newtonian evolution of massive black hole triplets in galactic nuclei -- III. A robust lower limit to the nHz stochastic background of gravitational waves
• Fundamental scaling relationships revealed in the optical light curves of tidal disruption events
• Black-Hole Growth is Mainly Linked to Host-Galaxy Stellar Mass rather than Star Formation Rate
• Black Hole -- Galaxy Correlations in Simba
• Testing the binary hypothesis: pulsar timing constraints on supermassive black hole binary candidates
• Probing Massive Black Hole Binary Populations with LISA
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: consequences for pulsar timing arrays
• Origins and Demographics of Wandering Black Holes
• The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• Massive black hole evolution models confronting the n-Hz amplitude of the stochastic gravitational wave background
• Revealing Hidden Substructures in the $M_{BH}$-$\sigma$ Diagram, and Refining the Bend in the $L$-$\sigma$ Relation
• Recalibration of the $M_{BH}-{\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation for AGN
• Trinity I: Self-Consistently Modeling the Dark Matter Halo-Galaxy-Supermassive Black Hole Connection from $z=0-10$
• Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation - X. The small contribution of quasars to reionization
• Looking at cosmic near-infrared background radiation anisotropies
• From galactic nuclei to the halo outskirts: tracing supermassive black holes across cosmic history and environments
• Black-hole-regulated star formation in massive galaxies
• BASS XXV: DR2 Broad-line Based Black Hole Mass Estimates and Biases from Obscuration
• Cosmological simulations of black hole growth II: how (in)significant are merger events for fuelling nuclear activity?
• Evident black hole-bulge coevolution in the distant universe
• Virial Black Hole Mass Estimates for 280,000 AGNs from the SDSS Broad-Band Photometry and Single Epoch Spectra
• A local baseline of the black hole mass scaling relations for active galaxies. IV. Correlations between $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ and host galaxy $\sigma$, stellar mass, and luminosity
• Efficient computation of the gravitational wave spectrum emitted by eccentric massive black hole binaries in stellar environments
• The Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Discovery of a close-separation binary quasar at the heart of a z~0.2 merging galaxy and its implications for low-frequency gravitational waves
• LLAMA: The $M_{BH}$ - ${\sigma }_{\star }$ Relation of the most luminous local AGNs
• The Rise of Active Galactic Nuclei in the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly semi-analytic model
• Dynamical evolution of cosmic supermassive binary black holes and their gravitational wave radiation
• Black hole mass estimation for Active Galactic Nuclei from a new angle
• Tracing Black Hole and Galaxy Co-evolution in the Romulus Simulations
• The Chandra Deep Fields: Lifting the Veil on Distant Active Galactic Nuclei and X-Ray Emitting Galaxies
• The Main Sequences of Starforming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei at High Redshift
• A quartet of black holes and a missing duo: probing the low-end of the Mbh - sigma relation with the adaptive optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy
• Exploring the local black hole mass function below $10^6$ solar masses
• Appreciating mergers for understanding the non-linear $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{spheroid}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{galaxy}}$ relations, updated herein, and the implications for the (reduced) role of AGN feedback
• Constraints on Black Hole/Host Galaxy Co-evolution and Binary Stalling Using Pulsar Timing Arrays
• The Formation of Supermassive Black Holes from Population III.1 Seeds. I. Cosmic Formation Histories and Clustering Properties
• Probing black hole accretion tracks, scaling relations and radiative efficiencies from stacked X-ray active galactic nuclei
• A Preferential Growth Channel for Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies at z<2
• Black Hole Growth and Feedback in Isolated Romulus25 Dwarf Galaxies
• Intermediate-mass black holes from Population III remnants in the first galactic nuclei
• Glimmering in the dark: modeling the low-mass end of the $M_{\bullet }-\sigma$ relation and of the quasar luminosity function
• The nightmare scenario: measuring the stochastic gravitational-wave background from stalling massive black-hole binaries with pulsar-timing arrays
• LeMMINGs. II. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. The deepest radio view of the Palomar sample on parsec scale
• Revisiting the bulge-halo conspiracy I: Dependence on galaxy properties and halo mass
• The coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies in luminous AGN over a wide range of redshift
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey: the z>3 sample
• Intrinsic AGN SED & black hole growth in the Palomar--Green quasars
• Time Evolution of Galaxy Scaling Relations in Cosmological Simulations
• H0LiCOW VII. Cosmic evolution of the correlation between black hole mass and host galaxy luminosity
• Co-evolution of black hole accretion and star formation in galaxies up to z=3.5
• Improved constraints from ultra-faint dwarf galaxies on primordial black holes as dark matter
• Two channels of supermassive black hole growth as seen on the galaxies mass-size plane
• Overmassive black holes at cosmic noon: linking the local and the high-redshift Universe
• Can we improve CIV-based single epoch black hole mass estimations?
• Pulsar Timing and its Application for Navigation and Gravitational Wave Detection
• BASS XXIX: The near-infrared view of the BLR: the effects of obscuration in BLR characterisation
• Pulsars probe the low-frequency gravitational sky: Pulsar Timing Arrays basics and recent results
• The NANOGrav 11yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500Mpc
• Novel calibrations of virial black hole mass estimators in active galaxies based on X-ray luminosity and optical/NIR emission lines
• $M_{\ast }/L$ gradients driven by IMF variation: Large impact on dynamical stellar mass estimates
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured supermassive black hole samples: Scaling relations and correlations between residuals in semi-analytic galaxy formation models
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: dynamical masses and dependence on Sérsic index
• Local AGN Survey (LASr): I. Galaxy sample, infrared colour selection and predictions for AGN within 100 Mpc
• Stellar and black hole assembly in z<0.3 infrared-luminous mergers: intermittent starbursts vs. super-Eddington accretion
• No tension between assembly models of supermassive black hole binaries and pulsar observations
• Black hole mass measurement using ALMA observations of [CI] and CO emissions in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC7469
• Parsec-scale Dusty Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei: Evidence for Radiation Pressure Driving
• The demographics of obscured AGN from X-ray spectroscopy guided by multiwavelength information
• Implications of the pulsar timing array detections for massive black hole mergers in the LISA band
• The connection between star formation and supermassive Black Hole activity in the local Universe
• The evolving AGN duty cycle in galaxies since z$\sim$3 as encoded in the X-ray luminosity function
• Associating Host Galaxy Candidates to Massive Black Hole Binaries resolved by Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Growth of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds in ETG Star-Forming Progenitors: Multiple Merging of Stellar Compact Remnants via Gaseous Dynamical Friction and Gravitational Wave Emission
• On Constraining the Growth History of Massive Black Holes via Their Distribution on the Spin-Mass Plane
• Calibrating Mg II-based black-hole mass estimators using Low-to-High-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
• Black hole mass of central galaxies and cluster mass correlation in cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Quasar Host Galaxies at $z<0.8$ from Image Decomposition
• NGC 2992: The interplay between the multiphase disk, wind and radio bubbles
• The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times I. Stellar Black Holes and Light Seed Distribution
• An X-ray view of central engines of low luminosity quasars (LLQSO) in the local Universe
• Evolution Of Massive Black Hole Binaries In Rotating Stellar Nuclei: Implications For Gravitational Wave Detection
• Searching for Intermediate Mass Black Holes in galaxies with Low Luminosity AGN: A multiple-method approach
• X-ray properties of dust-obscured galaxies with broad optical/UV emission lines
• Detection of faint broad emission lines in type 2 AGN: III. On the $M_{BH}-{\sigma }_{\star }$ relation of type 2 AGN
• Ultramassive black holes in the most massive galaxies: $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-\sigma$ versus $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-R_{\mathrm{b}}$
• Building robust AGN mock catalogs to unveil black hole evolution and for survey planning
• LeMMINGs IV: The X-ray properties of a statistically-complete sample of the nuclei in active and inactive galaxies from the Palomar sample
• The miniJPAS survey: AGN & host galaxy co-evolution of X-ray selected sources
• Revisiting the Rates and Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events: Effects of the Disk Formation Efficiency
• Studying the [OIII]$\lambda$5007A emission-line width in a sample of $\sim$80 local active galaxies: A surrogate for ${\sigma }_{\star }$?
• WISDOM project -- VI. Exploring the relation between supermassive black hole mass and galaxy rotation with molecular gas
• LOFAR MSSS: Discovery of a 2.56 Mpc giant radio galaxy associated with a disturbed galaxy group
• The Rapidly Spinning Intermediate-Mass Black Hole 3XMM J150052.0+015452
• The IBISCO survey: I. Multiphase discs and winds in the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 509
• Morphological evolution of supermassive black hole merger hosts and multimessenger signatures
• Accretion History of AGN III: Radiative Efficiency and AGN Contribution to Reionization
• Testing the evolutionary pathways of galaxies and their supermassive black holes and the impact of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei via large multiwavelength datasets
• BASS. XXXVI. Constraining the Local Supermassive Black Hole - Halo Connection with BASS DR2 AGN
• Invoking the virial theorem to understand the impact of (dry) mergers on the $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$\sigma$ relation
• The supermassive black hole masses of reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei
• NGC 1275: an outlier of the black hole-host scaling relations
• The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times II. Heavy Seeds and (Super)Massive Black Holes
• Setting firmer constraints on the evolution of the most massive, central galaxies from their local abundances and ages
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: clustering dependence of Type 2 AGN on host galaxy properties
• Probing the Merger Rates of Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies with Gravitational Waves
• The Relative Growth of Black Holes and of the Stellar Components of Galaxies
• The XXL Survey XIX. A realistic population of simulated X-ray AGN: Comparison of models with observations
• The galaxy's gas content regulated by the dark matter halo mass results in a super-linear M${}_{\mathrm{BH}}$-M${}_{\star }$ relation
• Using Real and Simulated Measurements of the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect to Constrain Models of AGN Feedback
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation -- XVIII. The high-redshift evolution of black holes and their host galaxies
• TiDES: The 4MOST Time Domain Extragalactic Survey
• Splitting the lentils: Clues to galaxy/black hole coevolution from the discovery of offset relations for non-dusty versus dusty (wet-merger-built) lenticular galaxies in the $M_{\mathrm{bh}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{spheroid}}$ diagram
• Quashing a suspected selection bias in galaxy samples having dynamically-measured supermassive black holes
• Do you see what I see? Exploring the consequences of luminosity limits in black hole-galaxy evolution studies
• Exploring black-hole scaling relations via the ensemble variability of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Black hole mass measurement using molecular gas kinematics: what ALMA can do
• Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events with L-Galaxies: I. Volumetric TDE rates and the abundance of Nuclear Star Clusters
• Properties of the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxies revisited
• Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in an Elliptical Galaxy with the Most Updated AGN Physics: Parameter Explorations
• [OIII] 5007A Emission Line Width as a Surrogate for stellar dispersion in Type 1 AGNs?
• Probing supermassive black hole growth and its dependence on stellar mass and star-formation rate in low-redshift galaxies
• The weak dependence of velocity dispersion on disk fractions, mass-to-light ratio and redshift: Implications for galaxy and black hole evolution
• X-ray AGN in Boötes: The lack of growth of the most massive black holes since z=4
• Discovery of a Planar Black Hole Mass Scaling Relation for Spiral Galaxies
• Dark matter halos and the M-σrelation for supermassive black holes
• Outflows in the Gaseous Discs of Active Galaxies and their impact on Black Hole Scaling Relations
• Assessing indirect methods to determine black hole masses using NGC 4151
• On the Mean Radiative Efficiency of Accreting Massive Black Holes in AGNs And QSOs
• COSMOS2020: Investigating the AGN-obscured accretion phase at $z\sim 1$ via [NeV] selection
• Co-Evolution vs. Co-existence: The Effect of Accretion Modelling on the Evolution of Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• On the detectability of massive black hole merger eventsby LISA
• The Average Soft X-ray Spectra of eROSITA Active Galactic Nuclei
• Probing the link between quenching and morphological evolution
• An Eddington ratio-driven origin for the ${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation in quiescent and star forming active galaxies
• Evolution of black hole and galaxy growth in a semi-numerical galaxy formation model
• On The Role of Supermassive Black Holes in Quenching Star Formation in Local Central Galaxies
• The influence of mergers and ram-pressure stripping on black hole-bulge correlations
• WISE2MBH: A scaling-based algorithm for probing supermassive black hole masses through WISE catalogues
• On the Structure of the AGN Torus through the Fraction of Optically-Selected Type 1 AGNs
• Multiple AGN activity during the BCG assembly of XDCPJ0044.0-2033 at z~1.6
• Black Hole Scaling Relations in the Dwarf-galaxy Regime with $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus and $\omega$Centauri
• The role of scatter and satellites in shaping the large-scale clustering of X-ray AGN as a function of host galaxy stellar mass
• Causal Discovery in Astrophysics: Unraveling Supermassive Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution
• Stringent limits on the masses of the supermassive black holes in seven nearby galaxies
• Massive Black Hole Mergers
• Inferring Mbh-Mbulge Evolution from the Gravitational Wave Background
• A catalogue of nuclear stellar velocity dispersions of nearby galaxies from H$\alpha$ STIS spectra to constrain supermassive black hole masses
• Constraining black hole-galaxy scaling relations from the large-scale clustering of Active Galactic Nuclei and implied mean radiative efficiency
• The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). Black hole mass estimation using machine learning
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies: Black Hole Scaling Relations Are Not Biased by Selection Effects
• A note on the interpretation of the statistical analysis of the $M_{\bullet }-M_G{\sigma }^2$ scaling relation
• AGN in the ULIRG HE 0435-5304
• HARMONI view of the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei around cosmic noon: Resolved stellar morpho-kinematics and the M${}_{BH}$-${\sigma }_{\star }$ relation
• Past, present and Future of the Scaling Relations of Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei
• AGN with massive black holes have closer galactic neighbors: k-Nearest-Neighbor statistics of an unbiased sample of AGN at z~0.03
• Supermassive black holes in a mass-limited galaxy sample
• Large-scale environments of star-forming active galactic nuclei: How black hole mass, accretion rate, and luminosity connect to dark matter halos
• AGILE: an end-to-end Rubin-LSST simulation of AGNs, galaxies, and stars I. Software description and first data release
• Black Hole-Galaxy Correlations in Cluster Zoomed-in Simulations: GIZMO-SIMBA and TNG-Cluster
• The role of AGN activity in the building up of the BCG at z~1.6
• The nature of the X-ray sources in dwarf galaxies in nearby clusters from the KIWICS
• Black hole mass, host galaxy mass, and dark matter halos: Testing the environmental connection
• Gravitational Wave Measurement of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\mathrm{bulge}}$ Intrinsic Scatter at High Redshift
• Using Unreal Engine to Visualize a Cosmological Volume
• Massive black holes and their galaxies