The nature of the X-ray sources in dwarf galaxies in nearby clusters from the KIWICS

Abstract

We present a deep search for and analysis of X-ray sources in a sample of dwarf galaxies (M${}_r$ < -15.5 mag) located within twelve galaxy clusters from the Kapteyn IAC WEAVE INT Cluster Survey (KIWICS) of photometric observations in the $\text{r}$ and $\text{g}$ using the Wide Field Camera (WFC) at the 2.5-m Isaac Newton telescope (INT). We first investigated the optical data, identified 2720 dwarf galaxies in all fields and determined their characteristics; namely, their colors, effective radii, and stellar masses. We then searched the $\text{Chandra}$ data archive for X-ray counterparts of optically detected dwarf galaxies. We found a total of 20 X-ray emitting dwarf galaxies, with X-ray flux ranging from 1.7$\times 10^{-15}$ to 4.1$\times 10^{-14}$ erg cm${}^{-2}$ s${}^{-1}$ and X-ray luminosities varying from 2$\times 10^{39}$ to 5.4$\times 10^{41}$ erg s${}^{-1}$. Our results indicate that the X-ray luminosity of the sources in our sample is larger than the Eddington luminosity limit for a typical neutron star, even at the lowest observed levels. This leads us to conclude that the sources emitting X-rays in our sample are likely black holes. Additionally, we have employed a scaling relation between black hole and stellar mass to estimate the masses of the black holes in our sample, and have determined a range of black hole masses from 4.6$\times 10^4$ to 1.5$\times 10^6$ M${}_{\odot }$. Finally, we find a trend between X-ray to optical flux ratio and X-ray flux. We discuss the implications of our findings and highlight the importance of X-ray observations in studying the properties of dwarf galaxies.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in MNRAS, 11 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (65)

• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• The Host Galaxies of AGN
• The physical properties of star forming galaxies in the low redshift universe
• Dark Matter Substructure in Galactic Halos
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• The M-sigma and M-L Relations in Galactic Bulges and Determinations of their Intrinsic Scatter
• The 'Forbidden' Abundance of Oxygen in the Sun
• Relations Between Central Black Hole Mass and Total Galaxy Stellar Mass in the Local Universe
• Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• The ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample (BCS) - I. The compilation of the sample and the cluster log N-log S distribution
• The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
• The MCXC: a Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies
• X-ray emission from star-forming galaxies - I. High-mass X-ray binaries
• Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Active Massive Black Holes
• UV-extended E-MILES stellar population models: young components in massive early-type galaxies
• The Evolution of X-ray Clusters of Galaxies
• X-ray source populations in galaxies
• New fully empirical calibrations of strong-line metallicity indicators in star forming galaxies
• Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes
• The Current Status of Galaxy Formation
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: its consequences and the quest for the most fundamental relation
• An actively accreting massive black hole in the dwarf starburst galaxy Henize 2-10
• On the Correlations between Galaxy Properties and Supermassive Black Hole Mass
• The Evolution of Normal Galaxy X-ray Emission Through Cosmic History: Constraints from the 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• A New Sample of (Wandering) Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies from High Resolution Radio Observations
• Intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies out to redshift $\sim$ 2.4 in the Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey
• The Evolution of C/O in Dwarf Galaxies from HST Fos Observations
• X-ray constraints on the local supermassive black hole occupation fraction
• Black Holes at the Centers of Nearby Dwarf Galaxies
• Chemical Abundance Calibrations for the Narrow-Line-Region of Active Galaxies
• No significant evolution of relations between Black hole mass and Galaxy total stellar mass up to z~2.5
• The Evolution of Structure in X-ray Clusters of Galaxies
• A population of intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf starburst galaxies up to redshift=1.5
• AMUSE-Virgo II. Down-sizing in black hole accretion
• AMUSE-Virgo I. Super-massive black holes in low-mass spheroids
• Hidden AGN in dwarf galaxies revealed by MaNGA: light echoes, off-nuclear wanderers, and a new broad-line AGN
• X-ray Detected Active Galactic Nuclei in Dwarf Galaxies at $0<z<1$
• The massive black hole-velocity dispersion relation and the halo baryon fraction: a case for positive AGN feedback
• An X-ray Selected Sample of Candidate Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• Multi-epoch Spectroscopy of Dwarf Galaxies with AGN Signatures: Identifying Sources with Persistent Broad H-alpha Emission
• X-ray Detected AGN in SDSS Dwarf Galaxies
• The Field X-ray AGN Fraction to z=0.7 from the Chandra Multiwavelength Project and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• X-ray Properties of Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies
• The evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters from the Kapteyn IAC WEAVE INT Clusters Survey ($\text{KIWICS}$)
• Extreme X-ray Behavior of the Low-Luminosity Active Nucleus in NGC 4395
• X-ray Properties of Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies. III. Spectral Energy Distribution and Possible Evidence for Intrinsically X-ray-weak AGNs
• The Astro-WISE Optical Image Pipeline: Development and Implementation
• Discovery of Nuclear X-ray Sources in SINGS Galaxies
• The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40 month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High Energy X-ray Source Population
• The X-ray and Mid-Infrared luminosities in Luminous Type 1 Quasars
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: The Catalog
• Overmassive black holes in dwarf galaxies out to z$\sim$0.9 in the VIPERS survey
• Optical Counterpart of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source IC 342 X-1
• AMUSE-Field I: Nuclear X-ray Properties of Local Field and Group Spheroids across the Stellar Mass Scale
• Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: A Significant Population of Candidate Central Black Holes in Late-type Galaxies
• Reviewing the frequency and central depletion of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in galaxy clusters from the KIWICS survey
• Low-Level Nuclear Activity in Nearby Spiral Galaxies
• The Best Constraints on A Super-Eddington Accretion Flow: XMM-Newton Observations of An Intermediate-mass Black Hole
• Searching for cool and cooling X-ray emitting gas in 45 galaxy clusters and groups
• Source Extractor for Dummies v5
• The dwarf galaxy population in nearby clusters from the KIWICS survey
• Sub-Eddington super-massive black hole activity in Fornax early type galaxies