Probing Massive Black Hole Binary Populations with LISA

Abstract

ESA and NASA are moving forward with plans to launch LISA around 2034. With data from the Illustris cosmological simulation, we provide analysis of LISA detection rates accompanied by characterization of the merging massive black hole population. Massive black holes of total mass $\sim 10^5-10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ are the focus of this study. We evolve Illustris massive black hole mergers, which form at separations on the order of the simulation resolution ($\sim$kpc scales), through coalescence with two different treatments for the binary massive black hole evolutionary process. The coalescence times of the population, as well as physical properties of the black holes, form a statistical basis for each evolutionary treatment. From these bases, we Monte Carlo synthesize many realizations of the merging massive black hole population to build mock LISA detection catalogs. We analyze how our massive black hole binary evolutionary models affect detection rates and the associated parameter distributions measured by LISA. With our models, we find massive black hole binary detection rates with LISA of $\sim 0.5-1$ yr${}^{-1}$ for massive black holes with masses greater than $10^5{M}_{\odot }$. This should be treated as a lower limit primarily because our massive black hole sample does not include masses below $10^5{M}_{\odot }$, which may significantly add to the observed rate. We suggest reasons why we predict lower detection rates compared to much of the literature.

arXiv comment18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables

References in corpus (97)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres
• E pur si muove: Galiliean-invariant cosmological hydrodynamical simulations on a moving mesh
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• How Massive Single Stars End their Life
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation
• Revisiting the Scaling Relations of Black Hole Masses and Host Galaxy Properties
• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• Frequency-domain gravitational waves from non-precessing black-hole binaries. II. A phenomenological model for the advanced detector era
• Introducing the Illustris Project: the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time
• A model for cosmological simulations of galaxy formation physics
• A Survey of z>5.8 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: Discovery of Three New Quasars and the Spatial Density of Luminous Quasars at z~6
• On gravitational-wave spectroscopy of massive black holes with the space interferometer LISA
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes by Direct Collapse in Pregalactic Halos
• Frequency-domain gravitational waves from non-precessing black-hole binaries. I. New numerical waveforms and anatomy of the signal
• Using gravitational-wave standard sirens
• The merger rate of galaxies in the Illustris Simulation: a comparison with observations and semi-empirical models
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Active Massive Black Holes
• Biases in Virial Black Hole Masses: An SDSS Perspective
• Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. I: Supermassive black hole binaries
• Pair-Instability Supernovae, Gravity Waves, and Gamma-Ray Transients
• A Survey of z>5.7 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Discovery of Seven Additional Quasars
• Evolution of massive binary black holes
• Relativistic X-ray Lines from the Inner Accretion Disks Around Black Holes
• High-Redshift Quasars Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data IV: Luminosity Function from the Fall Equatorial Stripe Sampl
• The Radiative Feedback of the First Cosmological Objects
• Collapse of Primordial Gas Clouds and the Formation of Quasar Black Holes
• The evolution of massive black hole seeds
• A physical model for cosmological simulations of galaxy formation: multi-epoch validation
• The Population of Viscosity- and Gravitational Wave-Driven Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Among Luminous AGN
• A systematic search for close supermassive black hole binaries in the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey
• Low-frequency gravitational radiation from coalescing massive black hole binaries in hierarchical cosmologies
• Testing General Relativity with Low-Frequency, Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Formation of the first nuclear clusters and massive black holes at high redshift
• Selection Bias in Observing the Cosmological Evolution of the Mbh-sigma and Mbh-L Relationships
• Massive Black Hole Binary Evolution
• Accretion onto the First Stellar Mass Black Holes
• The Assembly of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshifts
• Spectroscopy of Kerr black holes with Earth- and space-based interferometers
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: its consequences and the quest for the most fundamental relation
• A Population of Short-Period Variable Quasars from PTF as Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates
• Can Supermassive Black Holes Form in Metal-Enriched High-Redshift Protogalaxies ?
• Gravitational Waves from a Compact Star in a Circular, Inspiral Orbit, in the Equatorial Plane of a Massive, Spinning Black Hole, as Observed by LISA
• Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers in Dynamical Galactic Environments
• Hydrodynamics of circumbinary accretion: Angular momentum transfer and binary orbital evolution
• The dynamical evolution of massive black hole binaries - II. Self-consistent N-body integrations
• Efficient Merger of Binary Supermassive Black Holes in Merging Galaxies
• Interaction of massive black hole binaries with their stellar environment: I. Ejection of hypervelocity stars
• Limiting eccentricity of sub-parsec massive black hole binaries surrounded by self-gravitating gas discs
• Sensitivity curves for spaceborne gravitational wave interferometers
• The Spin of Supermassive Black Holes
• The gravitational wave signal from massive black hole binaries and its contribution to the LISA data stream
• The Gravitational Wave Background from Massive Black Hole Binaries in Illustris: spectral features and time to detection with pulsar timing arrays
• The characteristic black hole mass resulting from direct collapse in the early universe
• Improved Dynamical Constraints on the Masses of the Central Black Holes in Nearby Low-mass Early-type Galactic Nuclei And the First Black Hole Determination for NGC 205
• SMBH Formation via Gas Accretion in Nuclear Stellar Clusters
• Reconstructing the massive black hole cosmic history through gravitational waves
• Post-Newtonian Evolution of Massive Black Hole Triplets in Galactic Nuclei: IV. Implications for LISA
• Self consistent model for the evolution of eccentric massive black hole binaries in stellar environments: implications for gravitational wave observations
• On the number density of "direct collapse" black hole seeds
• Multimessenger Signatures of Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies
• The Gravitational Universe
• Science with the TianQin observatory: Preliminary results on massive black hole binaries
• On the orbital evolution of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary accretion discs
• Black Hole Spectroscopy: Systematic Errors and Ringdown Energy Estimates
• Recoiling black holes: prospects for detection and implications of spin alignment
• The search for active black holes in nearby low-mass galaxies using optical and mid-IR data
• Single Sources in the Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Sky: properties and time to detection by pulsar timing arrays
• The formation of galaxy stellar cores by the hierarchical merging of supermassive black holes
• Massive black holes lurking in Milky Way satellites
• Massive Black Hole Binary Inspirals: Results from the LISA Parameter Estimation Taskforce
• Hypercompact Stellar Systems Around Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes
• X-ray Detected Active Galactic Nuclei in Dwarf Galaxies at $0<z<1$
• Dancing to ChaNGa: A Self-Consistent Prediction For Close SMBH Pair Formation Timescales Following Galaxy Mergers
• Discovery of a Population of Bulgeless Galaxies with Extremely Red Mid-IR Colors: Obscured AGN Activity in the Low Mass Regime?
• Selection effects in the black hole-bulge relation and its evolution
• The loss cone problem in axisymmetric nuclei
• Music from the heavens - Gravitational waves from supermassive black hole mergers in the EAGLE simulations
• Multi-mode black hole spectroscopy
• Constraining the dark energy equation of state using LISA observations of spinning Massive Black Hole binaries
• Binaries of massive black holes in rotating clusters: Dynamics, gravitational waves, detection and the role of eccentricity
• Galaxy Rotation and Supermassive Black Hole Binary Evolution
• Multi-messenger approaches to binary supermassive black holes in the "continuous-wave" regime
• Supermassive Black Hole Binaries: The Search Continues
• Direct Collapse to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds with Radiation Transfer: Cosmological Halos
• Sowing black hole seeds: Direct collapse black hole formation with realistic Lyman-Werner radiation in cosmological simulations
• Evaluating Black Hole Detectability with LISA
• Low Frequency Gravitational Waves from White Dwarf MACHO Binaries
• Constraining the Black Hole Mass Spectrum with Gravitational Wave Observations I: The Error Kernel
• Constraining the Black Hole Mass Spectrum with LISA Observations II: Direct comparison of detailed models
• Eccentric Massive Black Hole Binaries in LISA I : The Detection Capabilities of Circular Templates
• Non-steady-state long-term evolution of supermassive black hole binaries surrounded by accretion discs

Cited by in corpus (51)

• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Black hole mergers from dwarf to massive galaxies with the NewHorizon and Horizon-AGN simulations
• Massive black hole merger rates: the effect of kpc separation wandering and supernova feedback
• Dynamical Friction Modeling of Massive Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations and Effects on Merger Rate Predictions
• Observing the inspiral of coalescing massive black hole binaries with LISA in the era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics
• Mass-ratio and Magnetic Flux-Dependence of Modulated Accretion from Circumbinary Disks
• GPU-accelerated massive black hole binary parameter estimation with LISA
• Dynamical evolution of cosmic supermassive binary black holes and their gravitational wave radiation
• Relating Black Hole Shadow to Quasinormal Modes for Rotating Black Holes
• Eccentric binary black holes: Comparing numerical relativity and small mass-ratio perturbation theory
• Unveiling early black hole growth with multi-frequency gravitational wave observations
• Resolving Galactic binaries in LISA data using particle swarm optimization and cross-validation
• Weakly Lensed Gravitational Waves: Probing Cosmic Structures with Wave-Optics Features
• Characterisation of lensing selection effects for LISA massive black hole binary mergers
• Massive Black Hole Binaries from the TNG50-3 Simulation: I. Coalescence and LISA Detection Rates
• Massive Black Hole Mergers with Orbital Information: Predictions from the ASTRID Simulation
• Population statistics of intermediate mass black holes in dwarf galaxies using the NewHorizon simulation
• Resolving Galactic binaries using a network of space-borne gravitational wave detectors
• Extreme-mass-ratio burst detection with TianQin
• Sensitivity of present and future detectors across the black-hole binary gravitational wave spectrum
• Growth of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds in ETG Star-Forming Progenitors: Multiple Merging of Stellar Compact Remnants via Gaseous Dynamical Friction and Gravitational Wave Emission
• Modeling gravitational waves from exotic compact objects
• Considerations for the Observability of Kinematically Offset Binary AGN
• Modelling the accretion and feedback of supermassive black hole binaries in gas-rich galaxy mergers
• Detecting Strong Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves with TianQin
• Morphological evolution of supermassive black hole merger hosts and multimessenger signatures
• Probing the Merger Rates of Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies with Gravitational Waves
• An implementation of Galactic white dwarf binary data analysis for MLDC-3.1
• Observing white dwarf tidal stripping with TianQin gravitational wave observatory
• Testing alternative theories of gravity with space-based gravitational wave detectors
• Scalable data-analysis framework for long-duration gravitational waves from compact binaries using short Fourier transforms
• Growth of Massive Black Hole Seeds by Migration of Stellar and Primordial Black Holes: Gravitational Waves and Stochastic Background
• Worldtube excision method for intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: scalar-field model in 3+1 dimensions
• On the detectability of massive black hole merger eventsby LISA
• The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
• Constraining the host galaxy halos of massive black holes from LISA event rates
• Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of sub-Eddington Circumbinary Disk around an Equal-mass Massive Black Hole Binary
• Host Galaxy Demographics Of Individually Detectable Supermassive Black-hole Binaries with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Mergers in ASTRID: Predictions for LISA
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Constraints on the Inner Regions of Lensing Galaxies from Central Images using a Recent AGN Offset Distribution
• Probing AGN jet precession with LISA
• Probing $z\gtrsim 6$ massive black holes with gravitational waves
• Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals in Milky Way Galaxies
• Merging Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies: Calculating Binary Black Hole Coalescence Timescales from Simulations for LISA Detection
• Probing the mass relation between supermassive black holes and dark matter halos at high redshifts by gravitational wave experiments
• Thermal X-ray signatures in late-stage unequal-mass massive black hole binary mergers
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) -- XIX: Supermassive black hole mergers in the early Universe and their environmental dependence
• A fully-automated end-to-end pipeline for massive black hole binary signal extraction from LISA data
• Rapid sinking and efficient mergers of supermassive black holes in compact high-redshift galaxies