An Eddington ratio-driven origin for the ${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation in quiescent and star forming active galaxies

Abstract

A mild correlation exists in active galaxies between the mean black hole accretion, as traced by the mean X-ray luminosity $⟨{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}⟩$, and the host galaxy stellar mass M${}_{\ast }$, characterised by a normalisation steadily decreasing with cosmic time and lower in more quiescent galaxies. We create comprehensive semi-empirical mock catalogues of active black holes to pin down which parameters control the shape and evolution of the $⟨{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}⟩-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation of X-ray detected active galaxies. We find that the normalisation of the $⟨{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}⟩-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation is largely independent of the fraction of active galaxies (the duty cycle), but strongly dependent on the mean Eddington ratio, when adopting a constant underlying M${}_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation as suggested by observational studies. The data point to a decreasing mean Eddington ratio with cosmic time and with galaxy stellar mass at fixed redshift. Our data can be reproduced by black holes and galaxies evolving on similar M${}_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relations but progressively decreasing their average Eddington ratios, mean X-ray luminosities, and specific star formation rates, when moving from the starburst to the quiescent phase. Models consistent with the observed $⟨{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}⟩-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation and independent measurements of the mean Eddington ratios, are characterised by M${}_{\mathrm{BH}}-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relations lower than those derived from dynamically measured local black holes. Our results point to the $⟨{\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{X}}⟩-{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }$ relation as a powerful diagnostic to: 1) probe black hole-galaxy scaling relations and the level of accretion onto black holes; 2) efficiently break the degeneracies between duty cycles and accretion rates in cosmological models of black holes.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication on MNRAS. 11 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (61)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• A Unified, Merger-Driven Model for the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cosmic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxy Spheroids
• Toward a halo mass function for precision cosmology: the limits of universality
• Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
• Constraints on the relationship between stellar mass and halo mass at low and high redshift
• Relations Between Central Black Hole Mass and Total Galaxy Stellar Mass in the Local Universe
• The Herschel view of the dominant mode of galaxy growth from z=4 to the present day
• Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations
• Host galaxies, clustering, Eddington ratios, and evolution of radio, X-ray, and infrared-selected AGNs
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey: overview and point source catalog
• COLOSSUS: A python toolkit for cosmology, large-scale structure, and dark matter halos
• Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios at 0.3<z<4
• Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics, Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy survey: optical/IR identifications
• New Relationships between Galaxy Properties and Host Halo Mass, and the Role of Feedbacks in Galaxy Formation
• Feast and Famine: Regulation of Black Hole Growth in Low Redshift Galaxies
• PRIMUS: The dependence of AGN accretion on host stellar mass and color
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: its consequences and the quest for the most fundamental relation
• The hidden "AGN main sequence": Evidence for a universal black hole accretion to star formation rate ratio since z~2 producing a M_BH-M* relation
• The Evolution of Normal Galaxy X-ray Emission Through Cosmic History: Constraints from the 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South
• Mass function of dormant black holes and the evolution of the Active Galactic Nuclei
• Accretion-Driven Evolution of Black Holes: Eddington Ratios, Duty Cycles, and Active Galaxy Fractions
• Quasar Luminosity Functions from Joint Evolution of Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• Low redshift AGN in the Hamburg/ESO Survey: II. The active black hole mass function and the distribution function of Eddington ratios
• Secular evolution and a non-evolving black hole to galaxy mass ratio in the last 7 Gyr
• No significant evolution of relations between Black hole mass and Galaxy total stellar mass up to z~2.5
• X-rays across the galaxy population - III. The incidence of AGN as a function of star formation rate
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Early-Type Galaxies: $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,sph}$ and $M_{BH}$-$M_{\ast ,gal}$
• Detailed Shape and Evolutionary Behavior of the X-ray Luminosity Function of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Coevolution of Supermassive Black Holes and Massive Galaxies at High Redshift
• The cosmic growth of the active black hole population at 1<z<2 in zCOSMOS, VVDS and SDSS
• Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution from Continuity Equation and Abundance Matching
• The link between galaxy and black hole growth in the EAGLE simulation
• A Simple Model for Quasar Demographics
• Black hole scaling relations of active and quiescent galaxies: Addressing selection effects and constraining virial factors
• Black-Hole Growth is Mainly Linked to Host-Galaxy Stellar Mass rather than Star Formation Rate
• Mapping the average AGN accretion rate in the SFR-M* plane for Herschel selected galaxies at 0<z<2.5
• The Evolution of the M_BH-sigma relation Inferred from the Age Distribution of Local Early-Type Galaxies and AGN Evolution
• Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies. II. $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{tot}}$ and $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\ast ,\mathrm{disk}}$
• Environmental dependence of bulge-dominated galaxy sizes in hierarchical models of galaxy formation. Comparison with the local Universe
• Relationship between star formation rate and black hole accretion at z=2: The different contributions in quiescent, normal and starburst galaxies
• The Dramatic Size and Kinematic Evolution of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• Towards a Complete Census of AGNs in Nearby Galaxies: The Incidence of Growing Black Holes
• Active Galactic Nuclei and their Large-scale Structure: an eROSITA mock catalogue
• The growth of the nuclear black holes in submillimeter galaxies
• Dynamical and photometric imprints of feedback processes on the early evolution of E/S0 galaxies
• Probing black hole accretion tracks, scaling relations and radiative efficiencies from stacked X-ray active galactic nuclei
• The Dependence of AGN Activity on Environment in SDSS
• Exploring the halo occupation of AGN using dark-matter cosmological simulations
• Co-evolution of black hole accretion and star formation in galaxies up to z=3.5
• A Statistical Semi-Empirical Model: Satellite galaxies in Groups and Clusters
• The AGN-galaxy-halo connection: The distribution of AGN host halo masses to z=2.5
• Building robust AGN mock catalogs to unveil black hole evolution and for survey planning
• The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: clustering dependence of Type 2 AGN on host galaxy properties
• The galaxy's gas content regulated by the dark matter halo mass results in a super-linear M${}_{\mathrm{BH}}$-M${}_{\star }$ relation
• The weak dependence of velocity dispersion on disk fractions, mass-to-light ratio and redshift: Implications for galaxy and black hole evolution
• The significant effects of stellar mass estimation on galaxy pair fractions
• The role of scatter and satellites in shaping the large-scale clustering of X-ray AGN as a function of host galaxy stellar mass

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Testing the evolutionary pathways of galaxies and their supermassive black holes and the impact of feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei via large multiwavelength datasets
• The Black Hole Mass Function Across Cosmic Times II. Heavy Seeds and (Super)Massive Black Holes
• The spatial clustering of ROSAT all-sky survey Active Galactic Nuclei: V. The evolution of broad-line AGN clustering properties in the last 6 Gyr