The Cosmic Density of Massive Black Holes from Galaxy Velocity Dispersions

Abstract

Supermassive black holes are thought to be relics of quasars, and their numbers and masses are therefore related to the quasar luminosity function and its evolution with redshift. We have used the relationship between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (the M_bullet - sigma relation) to make an improved estimate of the mass density and mass spectrum of supermassive black holes. Uncertainties in the M_bullet - sigma relation have little effect on the mass density. We find a mass density of (4.8 +/- 1.6) h^2 x 10^5 M_sun Mpc^-3. Some of the variance in published density estimates comes from the use of different values of the Hubble constant.

arXiv commentTo appear in the December 2002 issue of The Astronomical Journal

References in corpus (10)

• A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
• The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• The slope of the black-hole mass versus velocity dispersion correlation
• Observational constraints on growth of massive black holes
• The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: Galaxy luminosity functions per spectral type
• Black Hole Demographics from the M(BH)-sigma Relation
• The mass density in black holes inferred from the X-ray background
• Mass function of dormant black holes and the evolution of the Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Velocity Function of Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (108)

• A Unified, Merger-Driven Model for the Origin of Starbursts, Quasars, the Cosmic X-Ray Background, Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxy Spheroids
• The Relation between Black Hole Mass, Bulge Mass, and Near-Infrared Luminosity
• Local Supermassive Black Holes, Relics of Active Galactic Nuclei and the X-ray Background
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes by Direct Collapse in Pregalactic Halos
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes
• Intermediate and Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals -- Astrophysics, Science Applications and Detection using LISA
• The cosmological evolution of quasar black-hole masses
• Gravitational waves from scattering of stellar-mass black holes in galactic nuclei
• Self-Regulated Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies as the Origin of the Optical and X-ray Luminosity Functions of Quasars
• Black Hole Masses and Eddington Ratios at 0.3<z<4
• Optical discovery of probable stellar tidal disruption flares
• Super-massive Black Hole Demography: the Match between the Local and Accreted Mass Functions
• The Mass Function of Active Black Holes in the Local Universe
• Event rate estimates for LISA extreme mass ratio capture sources
• Fueling Low-Level AGN Activity Through the Stochastic Accretion of Cold Gas
• Selection bias in dynamically-measured super-massive black hole samples: its consequences and the quest for the most fundamental relation
• Stellar remnants in galactic nuclei: mass segregation
• Quasars: the characteristic spectrum and the induced radiative heating
• M-BH - sigma relation for a Complete Sample of Soft X-ray Selected AGNs
• Quasars at z=6: the survival of the fittest
• Black hole and neutron star mergers in galactic nuclei
• The anti-hierarchical growth of supermassive black holes
• Determining the Properties and Evolution of Red Galaxies from the Quasar Luminosity Function
• The Demographics of Broad Line Quasars in the Mass-Luminosity Plane II. Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Functions
• The orbital statistics of stellar inspiral and relaxation near a massive black hole: characterizing gravitational wave sources
• Observational evidence for a connection between supermassive black holes and dark matter haloes
• Eccentric Black Hole Gravitational-Wave Capture Sources in Galactic Nuclei: Distribution of Binary Parameters
• Black Hole Growth in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
• Confusion Noise from LISA Capture Sources
• Constraints from Gravitational Recoil on the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift
• Tracing the cosmological assembly of stars and supermassive black holes in galaxies
• A Characteristic Division Between the Fueling of Quasars and Seyferts: Five Simple Tests
• Low redshift AGN in the Hamburg/ESO Survey: II. The active black hole mass function and the distribution function of Eddington ratios
• Measurement of the rate of stellar tidal disruption flares
• On the Evolutionary History of Stars and their Fossil Mass and Light
• On the Correlations of Massive Black Holes with their Host Galaxies
• The impact of vector resonant relaxation on the evolution of binaries near a massive black hole: implications for gravitational wave sources
• eLISA: Astrophysics and cosmology in the millihertz regime
• The cosmic growth of the active black hole population at 1<z<2 in zCOSMOS, VVDS and SDSS
• The Demography of Super-Massive Black Holes: Growing Monsters at the Heart of Galaxies
• The Co-Formation of Spheroids and Quasars Traced in their Clustering
• Prospects for gravitational-wave detection and supermassive black hole astrophysics with pulsar timing arrays
• Luminosity and stellar mass functions of disks and spheroids in the SDSS and the supermassive black hole mass function
• How Much Mass do Supermassive Black Holes Eat in their Old Age?
• Supermassive Star Formation via Super Competitive Accretion in Slightly Metal-enriched Clouds
• Selection bias in the M_BH-sigma and M_BH-L correlations and its consequences
• The central kinematics of NGC 1399 measured with 14pc resolution
• Supermassive black holes, pseudobulges, and the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
• Star Captures by Quasar Accretion Disks: A Possible Explanation of the M-sigma Relation
• Constraints on QSO models from a relation between the QSO luminosity function and the local black hole mass function
• On the inconsistency between the black hole mass function inferred from M_bh-sigma and M_bh-L correlation
• Multiple Tidal Disruptions as an Indicator of Binary Super-Massive Black Hole Systems
• A Log-Quadratic Relation Between the Nuclear Black-Hole Masses and Velocity Dispersions of Galaxies
• Quasi-periodic Eruptions from Helium Envelope of Hydrogen-deficient Stars Stripped by Supermassive Black Holes
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The local supermassive black hole mass function in early- and late-type galaxies
• Toward determining the number of observable supermassive black hole shadows
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The $M_{bh}$--$L_{spheroid}$ derived supermassive black hole mass function
• The Effects of Population III X-ray and Radio Backgrounds on the Cosmological 21-cm Signal
• Mass Functions of Supermassive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time
• Toward precise constraints on growth of massive black holes
• Tracing intermediate-mass black holes in the Galactic Centre
• A Proposed Search for the Detection of Gravitational Waves from Eccentric Binary Black Holes
• Black Hole Binaries in Galactic Nuclei and Gravitational Wave Sources
• The Black Hole Mass Function Derived from Local Spiral Galaxies
• Gravitational wave bursts from the Galactic massive black hole
• Black hole mass and Eddington ratio distribution functions of X-ray selected broad-line AGNs at z~1.4 in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Field
• Supermassive Black Hole Growth and Merger Rates from Cosmological N-body Simulations
• Observing white dwarfs orbiting massive black holes in the gravitational wave and electro-magnetic window
• High redshift quasars and the supermassive black hole mass budget: constraints on quasar formation models
• Constraints on the Accretion History of Massive Black Holes from Faint X-ray Counts
• Jet enhanced accretion growth of supermassive black holes
• LeMMINGs. II. The e-MERLIN legacy survey of nearby galaxies. The deepest radio view of the Palomar sample on parsec scale
• AGN and their host galaxies in the local Universe: two mass independent Eddington ratio distribution functions characterize black hole growth
• Cosmic Evolution of Star Formation In SDSS Quasar Hosts Since z=1
• Neutron Star-Black Hole Mergers from Gravitational Wave Captures
• The local supermassive black hole mass density: corrections for dependencies on the Hubble constant
• A cosmological view of extreme mass-ratio inspirals in nuclear star clusters
• Gravitational-wave merging events from the dynamics of stellar mass binary black holes around the massive black hole in a galactic nucleus
• Formation of Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Bulges: A Rotating Collapse Model Consistent with the $\mbh-σ$ Relation
• The Most Massive Black Holes in the Universe: Effects of Mergers in Massive Galaxy Clusters
• Supermassive Black Hole Mass Functions at Intermediate Redshifts from Spheroid and AGN Luminosity Functions
• Bulges and disks in the Host Galaxies of low redshift 3CR Sources: a near-IR view of their radial brightness profile
• LeMMINGs. III. The e-MERLIN Legacy Survey of the Palomar sample. Exploring the origin of nuclear radio emission in active and inactive galaxies through the [O III] -- radio connection
• Eccentricity distributions of eccentric binary black holes in galactic nuclei
• Hierarchical build-up of galactic bulges and the merging rate of supermassive binary black holes
• BH Accretion in Low-Mass Galaxies Since z~1
• Massive Black Holes: formation and evolution
• A bright electromagnetic counterpart to extreme mass ratio inspirals
• The imprint of the cosmic supermassive black hole growth history on the 21 cm background radiation
• Detection of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of Population-III Remnants with Advanced LIGO
• On The Dark Side of Quasar Evolution
• Two phase galaxy formation: The Evolutionary Properties of Galaxies
• Capture Rates of Compact Objects by Supermassive Black Holes
• Multiwavelength Properties of the X-ray Sources in the Groth-Westphal Strip Field
• Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes from Cosmological Simulations
• Growth of Intermediate Massive Black Holes in the Hierarchical Formation of Small Spiral Galaxies in the High-z Universe
• The weak dependence of velocity dispersion on disk fractions, mass-to-light ratio and redshift: Implications for galaxy and black hole evolution
• Constraining the Low-Mass End of the Black Hole Mass Function and the Active Fraction of the Intermediate-mass Black Holes
• The black hole mass versus velocity dispersion relation in QSOs/Active Galactic Nuclei: observational appearance and black hole growth
• A Statistical Method to Search for Recoiling Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Refining the mass estimate for the intermediate-mass black hole candidate in NGC 3319
• Cosmological Growth History of Supermassive Black Holes and Demographics in the High-z Universe : Do Lyman-Break Galaxies Have Supermassive Black Holes?
• Evolution of supermassive black holes
• Climbing out of the shadows: building the distance ladder with black hole images
• Coalescence Rate of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries Derived from Cosmological Simulations: Detection Rates for LISA and ET
• Formation and Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes
• Evolution of massive black holes
• BASS XXX: Distribution Functions of DR2 Eddington-ratios, Black Hole Masses, and X-ray Luminosities