The Effects of Population III X-ray and Radio Backgrounds on the Cosmological 21-cm Signal

Abstract

We investigate the effects of Population III (Pop III) stars and their remnants on the cosmological 21-cm global signal. By combining a semi-analytic model of Pop III star formation with a global 21-cm simulation code, we investigate how X-ray and radio emission from accreting Pop III black holes may affect both the timing and depth of the 21-cm absorption feature that follows the initial onset of star formation during the Cosmic Dawn. We compare our results to the findings of the EDGES experiment, which has reported the first detection of a cosmic 21-cm signal. In general, we find that our fiducial Pop III models, which have peak star formation rate densities of $\sim 10^{-4}$ M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ Mpc${}^{-3}$ between $z\sim 10$ and $z\sim 15$, are able to match the timing of the EDGES signal quite well, in contrast to models that ignore Pop III stars. To match the unexpectedly large depth of the EDGES signal without recourse to exotic physics, we vary the parameters of emission from accreting black holes (formed as Pop III remnants) including the intrinsic strength of X-ray and radio emission as well as the local column density of neutral gas. We find that models with strong radio emission and relatively weak X-ray emission can self-consistently match the EDGES signal, though this solution requires fine-tuning. We are only able to produce signals with sharp features similar to the EDGES signal if the Pop~III IMF is peaked narrowly around $140M_{\odot }$.

11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRAS

References in corpus (13)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• Primordial Star Formation under the Influence of Far Ultraviolet Radiation: 1540 Cosmological Halos and the Stellar Mass Distribution
• The Global 21 Centimeter Background from High Redshifts
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. III. Feedback from the First Stars
• The Formation of the First Stars II. Radiative Feedback Processes and Implications for the Initial Mass Function
• Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM universe, II: Effects of a photodissociating background
• Signature of Excess Radio Background in the 21-cm Global Signal and Power Spectrum
• Suppression of H_2 Cooling in the Ultraviolet Background
• A Simple Technique for Predicting High-Redshift Galaxy Evolution
• The Global 21-cm Signal in the Context of the High-z Galaxy Luminosity Function
• Testing for calibration systematics in the EDGES low-band data using Bayesian model selection
• Metal-Free Gas Supply at the Edge of Reionization: Late-Epoch Population III Star Formation
• Decoding the X-ray Properties of Pre-Reionization Era Sources

Cited by in corpus (48)

• Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations
• HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21-cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology During the Epoch of Reionization
• A tale of two sites -- I: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies from current observations
• Bursty star formation during the Cosmic Dawn driven by delayed stellar feedback
• Self-consistent Semi-analytic Modeling of Feedback During Primordial Star Formation and Reionization
• Constraining the state of the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization using MWA 21-cm signal observations
• First upper limits on the 21 cm signal power spectrum from cosmic dawn from one night of observations with NenuFAR
• Lyman-$\alpha$ coupling and heating at Cosmic Dawn
• Formulating and critically examining the assumptions of global 21-cm signal analyses: How to avoid the false troughs that can appear in single spectrum fits
• Impact of the Primordial Stellar Initial Mass Function on the 21-cm Signal
• A tale of two sites -- II: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies with upcoming 21-cm interferometers
• A needle in a haystack? Catching Pop III stars in the Epoch of Reionization: I. Pop III star forming environments
• Starbursts in low-mass haloes at Cosmic Dawn. I. The critical halo mass for star formation
• A self-consistent semi-analytic model for Population III star formation in minihalos
• A hint on the metal-free star formation rate density from 21cm-EDGES data
• Structure Formation and the Global 21-cm Signal in the Presence of Coulomb-like Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions
• CosmoReionMC: A package for estimating cosmological and astrophysical parameters using CMB, Lyman-α absorption and global 21 cm data
• Cosmic Reionization May Still Have Started Early and Ended Late: Confronting Early Onset with CMB Anisotropy and 21 cm Global Signals
• LIMFAST. II. Line Intensity Mapping as a Probe of High-Redshift Galaxy Formation
• LIMFAST. I. A Semi-Numerical Tool for Line Intensity Mapping
• Constraint on Primordial Magnetic Fields In the Light of ARCADE 2 and EDGES Observations
• Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
• Signatures of Cosmic Ray Heating in 21-cm Observables
• The role of Pop III stars and early black holes in the 21cm signal from Cosmic Dawn
• Effects of self-consistent rest-ultraviolet colours in semi-empirical galaxy formation models
• Using Artificial Neural Networks to extract the 21-cm Global Signal from the EDGES data
• Impact of Population III homogeneous stellar evolution on early cosmic reionisation
• The spin-temperature dependence of the 21cm -- LAE cross-correlation
• Constraining exotic dark matter models with the dark ages 21-cm signal
• Implications of the $z>5$ Lyman-$\alpha$ forest for the 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization
• The high-redshift tail of stellar reionization in LCDM is beyond the reach of the low-$\ell$ CMB
• Premature Black Hole Death of Population III Stars by Dark Matter
• A Global Semi-Analytic Model of the First Stars and Galaxies Including Dark Matter Halo Merger Histories
• The EDGES measurement disfavors an excess radio background during the cosmic dawn
• Astrophysical information from the Rayleigh-Jeans Tail of the CMB
• Formation of metal-free binaries: Impact of H${}_2$ line cooling and CIE cooling
• Black holes at cosmic dawn in the redshifted 21cm signal of HI
• Impact of cosmic rays on the global 21-cm signal during cosmic dawn
• Ensuring Robustness in Training Set Based Global 21-cm Cosmology Analysis
• Lunar Far-Side Radio Arrays: A Preliminary Site Survey
• The mass distribution of the first stars can be determined via the 21-cm signal
• On Measuring the 21 cm Global Spectrum of the Cosmic Dawn with an Interferometer Array
• Confronting global 21-cm signal with ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ symmetric dark matter models
• In Search of Global 21-cm Signal using Artificial Neural Network in light of ARCADE 2
• Simulated differential observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect: Probing the Dark Ages and Epoch of Reionization
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background
• Effect of the cosmological transition to metal-enriched star-formation on the hydrogen 21-cm signal
• Implications of the cosmological 21-cm absorption profile for high-redshift star formation and deep JWST surveys