Baseline Metal Enrichment from Population III Star Formation in Cosmological Volume Simulations

Abstract

We utilize the hydrodynamic and N-body code {\small GIZMO} coupled with our newly developed sub-grid Population~III (Pop~III) Legacy model, designed specifically for cosmological volume simulations, to study the baseline metal enrichment from Pop~III star formation at $z>7$. In this idealized numerical experiment, we only consider Pop~III star formation. We find that our model Pop~III star formation rate density (SFRD), which peaks at $\sim 10^{-3}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$ near $z\sim 10$, agrees well with previous numerical studies and is consistent with the observed estimates for Pop~II SFRDs. The mean Pop~III metallicity rises smoothly from $z=25-7$, but does not reach the critical metallicity value, $Z_{\mathrm{crit}}=10^{-4}{Z}_{\odot }$, required for the Pop~III to Pop~II transition in star formation mode until $z\simeq 7$. This suggests that, while individual halos can suppress in-situ Pop~III star formation, the external enrichment is insufficient to globally terminate Pop~III star formation. The maximum enrichment from Pop~III star formation in star forming dark matter halos is $Z\sim 10^{-2}{Z}_{\odot }$, whereas the minimum found in externally enriched haloes is $Z\gtrsim 10^{-7}{Z}_{\odot }$. Finally, mock observations of our simulated IGM enriched with Pop~III metals produce equivalent widths similar to observations of an extremely metal poor damped Lyman alpha (DLA) system at $z=7.04$, which is thought to be enriched by Pop~III star formation only.

arXiv commentPublished 1/2018 17 pages, 14 figures

References in corpus (82)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• Starburst99: Synthesis Models for Galaxies with Active Star Formation
• The Nucleosynthetic Signature of Population III
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• A Multi-Code Analysis Toolkit for Astrophysical Simulation Data
• GIZMO: A New Class of Accurate, Mesh-Free Hydrodynamic Simulation Methods
• The Formation of the First Stars. I. The Primordial Star Forming Cloud
• Cosmic Reionization and Early Star-Forming Galaxies: A Joint Analysis of New Constraints from Planck and Hubble Space Telescope
• On the properties of massive Population III stars and metal-free stellar populations
• Multi-scale initial conditions for cosmological simulations
• Formation of the First Supermassive Black Holes
• Structure of Stationary Photodissociation Fronts
• SPLASH: An interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations
• The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function Over the First Two Billion Years
• Nucleosynthesis and Evolution of Massive Metal-Free Stars
• Cosmological Simulations of Intergalactic Medium Enrichment from Galactic Outflows
• Simulations of Early Structure Formation: Primordial Gas Clouds
• The transition from Population III to normal galaxies: Ly-a and HeII 1640 emission and the ionising properties of high redshift starburst galaxies
• One Hundred First Stars : Protostellar Evolution and the Final Masses
• Modelling Primordial Gas in Numerical Cosmology
• First stars, very massive black holes and metals
• Simulations on a Moving Mesh: The Clustered Formation of Population III Protostars
• The Birth of a Galaxy: Primordial Metal Enrichment and Stellar Populations
• Early Star Formation and the Evolution of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Galaxies
• Generic Spectrum and Ionization Efficiency of a Heavy Initial Mass Function for the First Stars
• A new multi-field determination of the galaxy luminosity function at z=7-9 incorporating the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field imaging
• The Formation of Population III Binaries from Cosmological Initial Conditions
• Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: spectroscopic confirmation
• The Most Luminous z~9-10 Galaxy Candidates yet Found: The Luminosity Function, Cosmic Star-Formation Rate, and the First Mass Density Estimate at 500 Myr
• The first stars: formation of binaries and small multiple systems
• Probing the Dawn of Galaxies at z~9-12: New Constraints from HUDF12/XDF and CANDELS Data
• Zero-Metallicity Stars and the Effects of the First Stars on Reionization
• Building up the Population III initial mass function from cosmological initial conditions
• Population III stars: hidden or disappeared ?
• The First Galaxies: Assembly, Cooling and the Onset of Turbulence
• The bright end of the galaxy luminosity function at z ~ 7: before the onset of mass quenching?
• The transition from population III to population II-I star formation
• The First Billion Years project - III: The impact of stellar radiation on the coevolution of Populations II and III
• Pre-galactic metal enrichment - The chemical signatures of the first stars
• Two populations of metal-free stars in the early Universe
• The cooling of shock-compressed primordial gas
• Constraining the Statistics of Population III Binaries
• New redshift z ~ 9 galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Implications for early evolution of the UV luminosity density
• The First Supernova Explosions: Energetics, Feedback, and Chemical Enrichment
• The luminosity function, halo masses and stellar masses of luminous Lyman-break galaxies at redshifts 5<z<6
• The Era of Massive Population III Stars: Cosmological Implications and Self-Termination
• Supernova Explosions in the Early Universe: Evolution of Radiative Remnants and the Halo Destruction Efficiency
• Observational Searches for Galaxies at z > 6
• Connecting the first galaxies with ultra faint dwarfs in the Local Group: chemical signatures of Population~III stars
• The primordial deuterium abundance of the most metal-poor damped Lyman-alpha system
• Simulating cosmic metal enrichment by the first galaxies
• The Rapid Decline in Metallicity of Damped Ly-alpha Systems at z~5
• The Luminosity Function at z~8 from 97 Y-band dropouts: Inferences About Reionization
• Confined Population III Enrichment and the Prospects for Prompt Second-Generation Star Formation
• ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7
• The extended HeII4686-emitting region in IZw18 unveiled: clues for peculiar ionizing sources
• Extremely metal-poor gas at a redshift of 7
• Does Radiative Feedback by the First Stars Promote or Prevent Second Generation Star Formation?
• Late Pop III Star Formation During the Epoch of Reionization: Results from the Renaissance Simulations
• Star Formation in the First Galaxies I: Collapse Delayed by Lyman-Werner Radiation
• The First Galaxies: Assembly of Disks and Prospects for Direct Detection
• Recovery from population III supernova explosions and the onset of second generation star formation
• HeII emitters in the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: PopIII star formation or peculiar stellar populations in galaxies at 2<z<4.6?
• Probing Pre-galactic Metal Enrichment with High-Redshift Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Steep Faint-end Slopes of Galaxy Mass and Luminosity Functions at z>=6 and the Implications for Reionisation
• Suppression of HD-cooling in protogalactic gas clouds by Lyman-Werner radiation
• Revised rate coefficients for H${}_2$ and H${}^{-}$ destruction by realistic stellar spectra
• No evidence for Population III stars or a Direct Collapse Black Hole in the z = 6.6 Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter 'CR7'
• The Brightest Ly$\alpha$ Emitter: Pop III or Black Hole?
• On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Lya emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components
• Impact of H_2-based star formation model on the z>=6 luminosity function and the ionizing photon budget for reionization
• Detecting Direct Collapse Black Holes: making the case for CR7
• The Mass Distribution of Population III Stars
• Lyman-alpha radiation hydrodynamics of galactic winds before cosmic reionization
• Duty Cycle and the Increasing Star Formation History of z>=6 Galaxies
• Evidence for a direct collapse black hole in the Lyman-alpha source CR7
• Molecular hydrogen regulated star formation in cosmological SPH simulations
• The nature of the Lyman Alpha Emitter CR7: a persisting puzzle
• Probing Population III Stars in Galaxy IOK-1 at z = 6.96 through He II Emission
• X-ray Background at High Redshifts from Pop III Remnants: Results from Pop III star formation rates in the Renaissance Simulations
• Metallicity evolution of direct collapse black hole hosts: CR7 as a case study

Cited by in corpus (64)

• Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with A Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction
• Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude
• Be it therefore resolved: Cosmological Simulations of Dwarf Galaxies with Extreme Resolution
• EDGE: the mass-metallicity relation as a critical test of galaxy formation physics
• Deep into the structure of the first galaxies: SERRA views
• Dusty galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization: simulations
• Diagnostics for PopIII galaxies and Direct Collapse Black Holes in the early universe
• Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- II. physical properties and scaling relations for galaxies at z = 4-10
• A survey of high-$z$ galaxies: SERRA simulations
• When did Population III star formation end?
• Legacy of star formation in the pre-reionization universe
• JWST-JADES. Possible Population III signatures at z=10.6 in the halo of GN-z11
• Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- IV. Implications for cosmic reionization and LyC escape fraction
• Predicting the locations of possible long-lived low-mass first stars: Importance of satellite dwarf galaxies
• Gravitational waves from Population III binary black holes formed by dynamical capture
• The Effects of Population III X-ray and Radio Backgrounds on the Cosmological 21-cm Signal
• The Persistence of Population III Star Formation
• Light, medium-weight or heavy? The nature of the first supermassive black hole seeds
• Unique Signatures of Population III Stars in the Global 21-cm Signal
• Self-consistent Semi-analytic Modeling of Feedback During Primordial Star Formation and Reionization
• Public Release of A-SLOTH: Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos
• Following the Cosmic Evolution of Pristine Gas III: The Observational Consequences of the Unknown Properties of Population III Stars
• Implications of inhomogeneous metal mixing for stellar archaeology
• A self-consistent semi-analytic model for Population III star formation in minihalos
• Conditions for detecting lensed Population III galaxies in blind surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope, the Roman Space Telescope and Euclid
• Observability of Low-Luminosity AGN in the Early Universe with JWST
• A hint on the metal-free star formation rate density from 21cm-EDGES data
• CosmoReionMC: A package for estimating cosmological and astrophysical parameters using CMB, Lyman-α absorption and global 21 cm data
• Exploring the origins of a new, apparently metal-free gas cloud at z = 4.4
• Constraining Warm Dark Matter and Pop III stars with the Global 21-cm Signal
• UV dust attenuation as a function of stellar mass and its evolution with redshift
• Predictions for the Abundance of High-redshift Galaxies in a Fuzzy Dark Matter Universe
• Dust in the first galaxies
• EDGE: The emergence of dwarf galaxy scaling relations from cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
• The Effects of Radiative Feedback and Supernova Induced Turbulence on Early Galaxies
• A-SLOTH reveals the nature of the first stars
• Ionizing photon production of Population III stars: effects of rotation, convection, and initial mass function
• Global radiation signature from early structure formation
• Evidence of Pop~III stars' chemical signature in neutral gas at z~6. A study based on the E-XQR-30 spectroscopic sample
• Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels
• The most massive Population III stars
• Impact of Population III homogeneous stellar evolution on early cosmic reionisation
• Lyman-$\alpha$ Polarization Intensity Mapping
• Probing Reionization and Early Cosmic Enrichment with the MgII Forest
• Effect of lithium hydride on the cooling of primordial gas
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Population III star formation continues until the end of reionization
• The high-redshift tail of stellar reionization in LCDM is beyond the reach of the low-$\ell$ CMB
• The extent of intergalactic metal enrichment from galactic winds during the Cosmic Dawn
• Probing the assembly of dwarf galaxies through cosmic time with damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption spectroscopy
• A Global Semi-Analytic Model of the First Stars and Galaxies Including Dark Matter Halo Merger Histories
• Detecting Population III Stars through Tidal Disruption Events in the Era of JWST and Roman
• Discrimination of heavy elements originating from Pop III stars in z = 3 intergalactic medium
• Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe
• Constraining the non-gravitational scattering of baryons and dark matter with early cosmic structure formation
• Detectability of Supermassive Dark Stars with the Roman Space Telescope
• Galaxy Formation and Symbiotic Evolution with the Inter-Galactic Medium in the Age of ELT-ANDES
• Probing the nature of Dark Matter through the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• Merger Conditions of Population III Protostar Binaries
• Atomic Modeling of Photoionization Fronts in Nitrogen Gas
• Prospects of additional contribution at Optical-NIR band of EBL in the light of VHE spectra
• Discovery of three new near-pristine absorption clouds at $z=2.6$-4.4
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background
• EDGE-INFERNO: How chemical enrichment assumptions impact the individual stars of a simulated ultra-faint dwarf galaxy