EDGE: The emergence of dwarf galaxy scaling relations from cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations

Abstract

We present a new suite of EDGE (`Engineering Dwarfs at Galaxy formation's Edge') cosmological zoom simulations. The suite includes 15 radiation-hydrodynamical dwarf galaxies covering the ultra-faint to the dwarf irregular regime ($10^4\le M_{\star }(z=0)\le 10^8{M}_{\odot }$) to enable comparisons with observed scaling relations. Each object in the suite is evolved at high resolution ($\approx 3\text{pc}$) and includes stellar radiation, winds and supernova feedback channels. We compare with previous \textsc{edge} simulations without radiation, finding that radiative feedback results in significantly weaker galactic outflows. This generalizes our previous findings to a wide mass range, and reveals that the effect is most significant at low $M_{\star }$. Despite this difference, stellar masses stay within a factor of two of each other, and key scaling relations of dwarf galaxies (size-mass, neutral gas-stellar mass, gas-phase mass-metallicity) emerge correctly in both simulation suites. Only the stellar mass -- stellar metallicity relation is strongly sensitive to the change in feedback. This highlights how obtaining statistical samples of dwarf galaxy stellar abundances with next-generation spectrographs will be key to probing and constraining the baryon cycle of dwarf galaxies.

Matching published version in MNRAS. Minor changes, extra appendix. Results unchanged

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