Nucleosynthesis and Remnants in Massive Stars of Solar Metallicity

Abstract

Hans Bethe contributed in many ways to our understanding of the supernovae that happen in massive stars, but, to this day, a first principles model of how the explosion is energized is lacking. Nevertheless, a quantitative theory of nucleosynthesis is possible. We present a survey of the nucleosynthesis that occurs in 32 stars of solar metallicity in the mass range 12 to 120 solar masses. The most recent set of solar abundances, opacities, mass loss rates, and current estimates of nuclear reaction rates are employed. Restrictions on the mass cut and explosion energy of the supernovae based upon nucleosynthesis, measured neutron star masses, and light curves are discussed and applied. The nucleosynthetic results, when integrated over a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF), agree quite well with what is seen in the sun. We discuss in some detail the production of the long lived radioactivities, 26Al and 60Fe, and why recent model-based estimates of the ratio 60Fe/26Al are overly large compared with what satellites have observed. A major source of the discrepancy is the uncertain nuclear cross sections for the creation and destruction of these unstable isotopes.

arXiv comment22 pages, 8 figures; to appear in Physics Reports, Bethe Centennial Volume

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• Observational signature of circumstellar interaction and ${}^{56}$Ni-mixing in the Type II Supernova 2016gfy
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. I. MeV neutrinos
• Effective Helium Burning Rates and the Production of the Neutrino Nuclei
• Simultaneous measurement of beta-delayed proton and gamma emission of ${}^{26}$P for ${}^{25}$Al($p,\gamma$)${}^{26}$Si reaction rate
• Hitomi Observations of the LMC SNR N132D: Highly Redshifted X-ray Emission from Iron Ejecta
• SN 2016gsd: An unusually luminous and linear type II supernova with high velocities
• Core-collapse supernova simulations with reduced nucleosynthesis networks
• KSP-SN-2016kf: a long-rising H-rich Type II Supernova with unusually high ${}^{56}$Ni mass discovered in the KMTNet Supernova Program
• A Way Out of the Bubble Trouble? - Upon Reconstructing the Origin of the Local Bubble and Loop I via Radioisotopic Signatures on Earth
• Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history as revealed by detailed elemental abundances
• Prevalence of short-lived radioactive isotopes across exoplanetary systems inferred from polluted white dwarfs
• SN 2020bio: A Double-peaked, H-poor Type IIb Supernova with Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction
• Universality in supernova gravitational waves with proto-neutron star properties
• Energy-dependent and energy-integrated two-moment general-relativistic neutrino transport simulations of hypermassive neutron star
• Probing the metastability of protoneutron star with hyperon in core-collapse supernova
• Formation Scenario of the Progenitor of iPTF13bvn Revisited
• Comparison of the Core-Collapse Evolution of Two Nearly Equal Mass Progenitors
• Moving-mesh radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of wind-reprocessed transients
• Impact of neutrino pair-production rates in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Momentum Injection by Clustered Supernovae: Testing Subgrid Feedback Prescriptions
• Systematic study of (p,γ) reactions on Ni isotopes
• Bridging the Gap between Intermediate and Massive Stars I: Validation of MESA against the State-of-the-Art Monash Stellar Evolution Program for a 2$M_{\odot }$ AGB Star
• Chemical evolution of ${}^{26}$Al and ${}^{60}$Fe in the Milky Way
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• Core-Collapse Supernovae, Neutrinos, and Gravitational Waves
• SN 2018is: a low-luminosity Type IIP supernova with narrow hydrogen emission lines at early phases
• Trading oxygen for iron I: the [O/Fe] -- specific star formation rate relation of galaxies
• Exploring Supernova Gravitational Waves with Machine Learning
• Simplified galaxy formation with mesh-less hydrodynamics
• Reducing Uncertainties in the Production of the Gamma Emitting Nuclei 26Al, 44Ti, and 60Fe in Core Collapse Supernovae by Using Effective Helium Burning Rates
• Spectral modelling of Type IIb Supernovae
• Probing protoneutron stars with gamma-ray axionscopes
• Inferring physical properties of stellar collapse by third-generation gravitational-wave detectors
• The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: A lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction
• Distribution of s-, r-, and p-process nuclides in the early Solar System inferred from Sr isotope anomalies in meteorites
• A Comprehensive Analysis of the Gravitational Wave Events with the Hilbert-Huang Transform: From Compact Binary Coalescence to Supernova
• First determination of an astrophysical cross section with a bubble chamber: the 15N(α,γ)19F reaction
• General-relativistic radiation transport scheme in Gmunu II: Implementation of novel microphysical library for neutrino radiation -- Weakhub
• Gray Two-moment Neutrino Transport: Comprehensive Tests and Improvements for Supernova Simulations
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• Dust masses, compositions, and luminosities in the nuclear disks and the diffuse circumnuclear medium of Arp220
• Measurement of the branching ratio for beta-delayed alpha decay of 16N
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. II. Gravitational waves
• Titanium and Iron in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• Characterizing the Rapid Hydrogen Disappearance in SN2022crv: Evidence of a Continuum between Type Ib and IIb Supernova Properties
• Experimental techniques to study the $\gamma$ process for nuclear astrophysics at the Cologne accelerator laboratory
• The molecular chemistry of Type Ibc supernovae, and diagnostic potential with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Comparison between core-collapse supernova nucleosynthesis and meteoric stardust grains: investigating magnesium, aluminium, and chromium
• Neutrino Echos following Black Hole Formation in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• thornado-hydro: a discontinuous Galerkin method for supernova hydrodynamics with nuclear equations of state
• A Force Explosion Condition for Spherically Symmetric Core-collapse Supernovae
• Unveiling the Nature of Gravitational-Wave Emission in Core-collapse Supernovae with Perturbative Analysis
• Comparing Moment-Based and Monte Carlo Methods of Radiation Transport Modeling for Type II-Plateau Supernova Light Curves
• Probing nuclear physics with supernova gravitational waves and machine learning
• Anisotropic neutrinos and gravitational waves from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows in fallback core-collapse supernovae
• Enhanced production of 60Fe in massive stars
• Sulphur in the Globular Clusters 47 Tucanae and NGC 6752
• The Explosion Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Its Observational Signatures
• Parameterisations of thermal bomb explosions for core-collapse supernovae and 56Ni production
• Parametric initial conditions for core-collapse supernova simulations
• Galactic Population Synthesis of Radioactive Nucleosynthesis Ejecta
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. III. GRB timescale
• Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations including Neutrino Interactions from the Virial EOS
• New Astrophysical Reaction Rate for the ${}^{12}\text{C}(\alpha ,\gamma {)}^{16}\text{O}$ Reaction
• Neutrino-driven Core-collapse Supernova Yields in Galactic Chemical Evolution
• The Force Explosion Condition is Consistent with Spherically Symmetric CCSN Explosions
• Impact of Rotation on the Multimessenger Signatures of a Hadron-quark Phase Transition in Core-collapse Supernovae
• Impact of transport modelling on the ${}^{60}$Fe abundance inside Galactic cosmic ray sources
• Europium enrichment and hierarchical formation of the Galactic halo
• Galactic Outflows and Evolution of the Interstellar Medium
• Presolar grains
• Origin of the Chemical Elements
• An observational testbed for cosmological zoom-in simulations: constraining stellar migration in the solar cylinder using asteroseismology
• The ${}^{22}$Ne($\alpha$,n)${}^{25}$Mg reaction -- state of the art, astrophysics, and perspectives
• A New Constraint on the Nuclear Equation of State from Statistical Distributions of Compact Remnants of Supernovae
• Rate of dark photon emission from electron positron annihilation in massive stars
• Expanded calculation of weak-interaction mediated neutrino cooling rates due to ${}^{56}$Ni in stellar matter
• Progenitor Dependence of Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions with the Aid of Heavy Axion-like Particles
• Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia
• Modifications to the signal from a gravitational wave event due to a surrounding shell of matter
• Effects of secular growth and mergers on the evolution of metallicity gradients and azimuthal variations in a Milky Way-like galaxy
• Evaluating Machine Learning Models for Supernova Gravitational Wave Signal Classification
• Dark Gamma Ray Bursts
• Dark Age of Type II Supernova Remnants
• Recent progress on interstellar radionuclides on Earth and the Moon
• Theoretical X-ray light curves of young SNe II: the example of SN 2013ej
• Hard X-ray Observations of the Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova SN 2018hti with NuSTAR
• Core Collapse Supernova Gravitational Wave Sourcing and Characterization based on Three-Dimensional Models
• Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Nonstandard Neutrino Properties in Collapsing Stellar Cores
• A Neutrino-Driven Core Collapse Supernova Explosion of a 15 M Star
• The birth environment of the solar system constrained by the relative abundances of the solar radionuclides
• Transition Elements in Supernova Presolar Grains: Condensation vs. Implantation
• PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry: Nucleosynthesis Yields
• Strength of the E_R = 127 keV, 26Al(p,g)27Si resonance
• Gamma-Ray Line Studies of Nuclei in the Cosmos
• Effect of Electron Screening on the Collapsing Process of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Stochastic gravitational wave background from supernovae in massive scalar-tensor gravity
• Scalar Gravitational Wave Signals from Core Collapse in Massive Scalar-Tensor Gravity with Triple-Scalar Interactions
• Explosion Dynamics of Parametrized Spherically Symmetric Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
• Neutrino cooling rates due to ${}^{54,55,56}$Fe for presupernova evolution of massive stars
• Effects of multidimensional treatment of gravity in simulations on supernova gravitational waves
• Accretion of Jupiter's atmosphere from a supernova-contaminated molecular cloud
• Impact of Dark Photon Emission on Massive Star Evolution and Pre-Supernova Neutrino Signal
• $\beta$-decay of key titanium isotopes in stellar environment
• Multi-dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations with Neutrino Transport
• Radioactive Decay
• JWST Detection of Hydrocarbon Ices and Methane Gas on Makemake
• Rotational Dynamics in Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae: Implications for Mass-Loss and Transient Events
• Can supernova from runaway stars mimic the signs of absorbing `super-virial' gas?
• Axion-like Particles from Hypernovae
• On the character of turbulence in self-consistent models of core-collapse supernovae
• MARTA: The connection between chemical enrichment, feedback, and dust in a Wolf-Rayet galaxy at z$\sim$2
• Self Similar Adiabatic Strong Explosion in a Medium Gravitationally Free Falling to a Point Mass
• SN 2022ngb: A faint, slowly evolving Type IIb supernova with a low-mass envelope
• Production of heavy $\alpha$-elements and ${}^{44}$Ti in Cas A: comparison to abundances from 1D core-collapse supernova models and evidence for Carbon-Oxygen shell mergers
• Abundance Uncertainties Obtained With the PizBuin Framework For Monte Carlo Reaction Rate Variations
• Cosmic Radioactivity and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Self-consistent Conditions for ${}^{26}$Al Injection into Protosolar Disk from a Nearby Supernova
• Individual Neutrino Masses From a Supernova
• The impact of new ($\alpha$, n) reaction rates on the weak s-process in metal-poor massive stars
• Toward First-Principles Multi-Messenger Predictions: Coupling Nuclear Networks with GR Radiation-MHD in {\tt Gmunu}
• The Early Solar System - Chapter 6
• Circular polarization of gravitational waves from magnetorotational supernovae
• PGIR 20eid (SN2020qmp): A Type IIP Supernova at 15.6 Mpc discovered by the Palomar Gattini-IR survey
• SN 2017ati: A luminous type IIb explosion from a massive progenitor
• The Impact of the New ${}^{59}$Fe Decay Rates on ${}^{60}$Fe and ${}^{26}$Al Nucleosynthesis in Massive Stars
• Measuring Cosmic Elements with Gamma-Ray Telescopes
• The cosmic journey of dust grains -- from nucleation to planetary system
• libyt: an In Situ Interface Connecting Simulations with yt, Python, and Jupyter Workflows
• Radiative-transfer modeling of supernovae in the nebular-phase. A novel treatment of chemical mixing in spherical symmetry
• GenASiS: General Astrophysical Simulation System. II. Self-gravitating Baryonic Matter
• New Insights into Uncertainties in the Relic Neutrino Background and Effects from the Nuclear Equation of State
• Neutrino Driven Explosions aided by Axion Cooling in Multidimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Impact of stellar rotation on type II supernova progenitor masses from pre-explosion imaging
• Non-Radial Neutrino Emission upon Black Hole Formation in Core Collapse Supernovae