Effects of LESA in Three-Dimensional Supernova Simulations with Multi-Dimensional and Ray-by-Ray-plus Neutrino Transport

Abstract

A set of eight self-consistent, time-dependent supernova (SN) simulations in three spatial dimensions (3D) for 9 solar-mass and 20 solar-mass progenitors is evaluated for the presence of dipolar asymmetries of the electron lepton-number emission as discovered by Tamborra et al. and termed lepton-number emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA). The simulations were performed with the Aenus-Alcar neutrino/hydrodynamics code, which treats the energy- and velocity-dependent transport of neutrinos of all flavors by a two-moment scheme with algebraic M1 closure. For each of the progenitors, results with fully multi-dimensional (FMD) neutrino transport and with ray-by-ray-plus (RbR+) approximation are considered for two different grid resolutions. While the 9 solar-mass models develop explosions, the 20 solar-mass progenitor does not explode with the employed version of simplified neutrino opacities. In all 3D models we observe the growth of substantial dipole amplitudes of the lepton-number (electron neutrino minus antineutrino) flux with stable or slowly time-evolving direction and overall properties fully consistent with the LESA phenomenon. Models with RbR+ transport develop LESA dipoles somewhat faster and with temporarily higher amplitudes, but the FMD calculations exhibit cleaner hemispheric asymmetries with a far more dominant dipole. In contrast, the RbR+ results display much wider multipole spectra of the neutrino-emission anisotropies with significant power also in the quadrupole and higher-order modes. Our results disprove speculations that LESA is a numerical artifact of RbR+ transport. We also discuss LESA as consequence of a dipolar convection flow inside of the nascent neutron star and establish, tentatively, a connection to Chandrasekhar's linear theory of thermal instability in spherical shells.

arXiv comment20 pages, 9 figures; revised version accepted by ApJ; new Figs. 6,7, and new panels in Fig.8 added; Sects. 4,5,6 considerably extended in reply to referee questions

References in corpus (20)

• Core-collapse supernova equations of state based on neutron star observations
• Nucleosynthesis and Remnants in Massive Stars of Solar Metallicity
• Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions: a Sneak Preview
• The Remarkable Deaths of 9 - 11 Solar Mass Stars
• Exploring the relativistic regime with Newtonian hydrodynamics: An improved effective gravitational potential for supernova simulations
• Exploring Fundamentally Three-dimensional Phenomena in High-fidelity Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
• A Successful 3D Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Model
• Self-sustained asymmetry of lepton-number emission: A new phenomenon during the supernova shock-accretion phase in three dimensions
• Ledoux-Convection in Protoneutron Stars --- a Clue to Supernova Nucleosynthesis?
• A new multidimensional, energy-dependent two-moment transport code for neutrino-hydrodynamics
• Neutrino emission characteristics and detection opportunities based on three-dimensional supernova simulations
• General Relativistic Three-Dimensional Multi-Group Neutrino Radiation-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Gravitational Wave Emission from 3D Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Low and Normal Explosion Energies
• Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Multi-Dimensional Transport
• Revival of the Fittest: Exploding Core-Collapse Supernovae from 12 to 25 M${}_{\odot }$
• Three-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations with Multi-Dimensional Neutrino Transport Compared to the Ray-by-Ray-plus Approximation
• Core-collapse supernova simulations in one and two dimensions: comparison of codes and approximations
• Neutrino viscosity and drag: impact on the magnetorotational instability in protoneutron stars
• Multi-dimensional Features of Neutrino Transfer in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Effects of the standing accretion-shock instability and the lepton-emission self-sustained asymmetry in the neutrino emission of rotating supernovae

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Theory
• Hydrodynamics of core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors
• New Developments in Flavor Evolution of a Dense Neutrino Gas
• Self-consistent 3D Supernova Models From -7 Minutes to +7 Seconds: a 1-bethe Explosion of a ~19 Solar-mass Progenitor
• Three-dimensional Models of Core-collapse Supernovae From Low-mass Progenitors With Implications for Crab
• Astronuclear Physics: a Tale of the Atomic Nuclei in the Skies
• Neutrino oscillations in supernovae: angular moments and fast instabilities
• Gravitational Wave Emission from 3D Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Low and Normal Explosion Energies
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Instability in the Neutron-star Convection Layer of Three-dimensional Supernova Models
• Magnetorotational Explosion of A Massive Star Supported by Neutrino Heating in General Relativistic Three Dimensional Simulations
• Temporal and Angular Variations of 3D Core-Collapse Supernova Emissions and their Physical Correlations
• Magnetar formation through a convective dynamo in protoneutron stars
• Fast Neutrino Flavor Conversion Modes in Multidimensional Core-collapse Supernova Models: the Role of the Asymmetric Neutrino Distributions
• Fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillations associated with asymmetric neutrino emissions in core-collapse supernova
• A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations
• Supernova Fallback as Origin of Neutron Star Spins and Spin-kick Alignment
• On the characteristics of fast neutrino flavor instabilities in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models
• Core-collapse supernova neutrino emission and detection informed by state-of-the-art three-dimensional numerical models
• Fast flavor conversions in supernovae: the rise of mu-tau neutrinos
• Neutrino Flavor Conversions in High-Density Astrophysical and Cosmological Environments
• Neutrino emission characteristics of black hole formation in three-dimensional simulations of stellar collapse
• The Collapse and Three-Dimensional Explosion of Three-Dimensional, vis à vis One-Dimensional, Massive-star Supernova Progenitor Models
• Supernova Simulations Confront SN 1987A Neutrinos
• Gravitational Waves from Neutrino Asymmetries in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Characteristic Time Variability of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Signals from Three-dimensional Simulations of Non-Rotating and Rapidly Rotating Stellar Core-Collapse
• On the Occurrence of Crossings Between the Angular Distributions of Electron Neutrinos and Antineutrinos in the Supernova Core
• Three-dimensional simulation of a core-collapse supernova for a binary star progenitor of SN 1987A
• Interplay Between Neutrino Kicks and Hydrodynamic Kicks of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
• Insights into non-axisymmetric instabilities in three-dimensional rotating supernova models with neutrino and gravitational-wave signatures
• Effects of the standing accretion-shock instability and the lepton-emission self-sustained asymmetry in the neutrino emission of rotating supernovae
• Fast neutrino flavor conversions in a supernova: Emergence, evolution, and effects
• Constructing angular distributions of neutrinos in core collapse supernova from zero-th and first moments calibrated by full Boltzmann neutrino transport
• A 3D Simulation of a Type II-P Supernova: from Core Bounce to Beyond Shock Breakout
• Impact of magnetic field on neutrino-matter interactions in core-collapse supernova
• Post-explosion evolution of core-collapse supernovae
• Efficient estimation method for time evolution of proto-neutron star mass and radius from supernova neutrino signal
• Neutrino flavor mixing with moments
• Nuclei in Core-Collapse Supernovae Engine
• Fast neutrino-flavor swap in high-energy astrophysical environments
• Anisotropic neutrinos and gravitational waves from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows in fallback core-collapse supernovae
• Where, when and why: occurrence of fast-pairwise collective neutrino oscillation in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova models