Circular polarization of gravitational waves from magnetorotational supernovae

Abstract

Context. Gravitational waves (GWs) provide a unique probe of the explosion mechanism of massive stars and the evolution of nascent proto-neutron stars (PNSs). Magnetorotational explosions are one of the promising noncanonical core-collapse supernova scenarios, possibly linked to magnetar formation and energetic supernova explosions. However, the GW signatures of such events remain incompletely understood. Aims. We investigate the origin and nature of GW polarization arising from a magnetorotational core-collapse model and examine its potential detectability by current GW observatories. Methods. We performed a 3D GRMHD simulation of a rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized 20 $M_{\odot }$ progenitor, including multi-energy neutrino transport. The GW signals were extracted using the standard quadrupole formalism, and their polarization states were analyzed with Stokes parameters. Results. Strong circular polarization emerges along the rotation axis during the early post-bounce phase ($\lesssim$ 230 ms). The characteristic GW spectrum peaks at ~90 Hz, consistent with the emission at twice the local angular velocity (~45 Hz) around the PNS surface at cylindrical radii of ~50 km. These features are attributed to the low-$T/|W|$ instabilities and nonaxisymmetric motions near the PNS and not to the MHD jets themselves. The polarization signals lie within the sensitivity bands of current detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA. Conclusions. Models launching magnetorotationally driven jets can produce circularly polarized GW signals originating from the inner PNS region. This provides an observational signature that complements previous findings from nonmagnetized rotating models. Thus, GW polarization is a promising diagnostic of noncanonical core-collapse supernovae. Future third-generation detectors will be crucial to fully exploit this potential.

arXiv comment5 pages, 5 figures. Updated to match published version

References in corpus (37)

• On the Numerical Integration of Einstein's Field Equations
• Nucleosynthesis Yields of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Hypernovae, and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Nucleosynthesis and Remnants in Massive Stars of Solar Metallicity
• Stability of Standing Accretion Shocks, With an Eye Toward Core Collapse Supernovae
• Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions: a Sneak Preview
• Magnetorotational Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions
• The gravitational wave burst signal from core collapse of rotating stars
• The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
• Multidimensional supernova simulations with approximative neutrino transport. II. Convection and the advective-acoustic cycle in the supernova core
• Gravitational Wave Signals from 3D Neutrino Hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• High-spin binary black hole mergers
• Gravitational Wave Emission from 3D Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Low and Normal Explosion Energies
• One-armed Spiral Instability in a Low T/|W| Postbounce Supernova Core
• Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors. I. Explosion mechanisms
• Measuring a Parity Violation Signature in the Early Universe via Ground-based Laser Interferometers
• Gravitational Wave Signatures from Low-mode Spiral Instabilities in Rapidly Rotating Supernova Cores
• Anisotropic emission of neutrino and gravitational-wave signals from rapidly rotating core-collapse supernovae
• Universal relations for gravitational-wave asteroseismology of proto-neutron stars
• Core Collapse Supernova Gravitational Wave Emission for Progenitors of 9.6, 15, and 25 Solar Masses
• Turbulence in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Gravitational waves from axisymmetrically oscillating neutron stars in general relativistic simulations
• Characteristic Time Variability of Gravitational-Wave and Neutrino Signals from Three-dimensional Simulations of Non-Rotating and Rapidly Rotating Stellar Core-Collapse
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae with complex magnetic structures: I. Explosion dynamics
• Are pulsars spun up or down by SASI spiral modes?
• A New Gravitational Wave Signature of Low-$T/|W|$ Instability in Rapidly Rotating Stellar Core Collapse
• Universal relation for supernova gravitational waves
• Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors. IV. A wider range of progenitors
• Three-dimensional core-collapse supernovae with complex magnetic structures: II. Rotational instabilities and multi-messenger signatures
• Insights into non-axisymmetric instabilities in three-dimensional rotating supernova models with neutrino and gravitational-wave signatures
• Circular polarizations of gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae: a clear indication of rapid rotation
• Circular polarization of gravitational waves from non-rotating supernova cores: a new probe into the pre-explosion hydrodynamics
• Gravitational Waves from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Rapidly Rotating Stellar Core-Collapse
• Impact of magnetic field on neutrino-matter interactions in core-collapse supernova
• Standing Accretion Shock Instability in the Collapse of a Rotating Stellar Core
• Numerical relativity simulations of black hole and relativistic jet formation
• Gravitational waves from magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae using 3D GRMHD simulations: effect of rotation and magnetic fields