Reaction Rate Sensitivity of the Production of $\gamma$-ray Emitting Isotopes in Core-Collapse Supernova

Abstract

Radioactive isotopes produced in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) provide useful insights into the underlying processes driving the collapse mechanism and the origins of elemental abundances. Their study generates a confluence of major physics research, including experimental measurements of nuclear reaction rates, astrophysical modeling, and $\gamma$-ray observations. Here we identify the key nuclear reaction rates to the nucleosynthesis of observable radioactive isotopes in explosive silicon-burning during CCSNe. Using the nuclear reaction network calculator SkyNet and current REACLIB reaction rates, we evolve temperature-density-time profiles of the innermost $0.45M_{\odot }$ ejecta from the core collapse and explosion of a $12M_{\odot }$ star. Individually varying 3403 reaction rates by factors of 100, we identify 141 reactions which cause significant differences in the isotopes of interest, namely, ${}^{43}$K, ${}^{47}$Ca, ${}^{44,47}$Sc, ${}^{44}$Ti, ${}^{48,51}$Cr, ${}^{48,49}$V, ${}^{52,53}$Mn, ${}^{55,59}$Fe, ${}^{56,57}$Co, and ${}^{56,57,59}$Ni. For each of these reactions, we present a novel method to extract the temperature range pertinent to the nucleosynthesis of the relevant isotope; the resulting temperatures lie within the range $T=0.47$ to $6.15$GK. Limiting the variations to within $1\sigma$ of STARLIB reaction rate uncertainties further reduces the identified reactions to 48 key rates, which can be used to guide future experimental research. Complete results are presented in tabular form.

arXiv comment18 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

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• Hoinga: A supernova remnant discovered in the SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey eRASS1
• First direct measurement of the ${}^{13}$N($\alpha$,$p$)${}^{16}$O reaction relevant for core-collapse supernovae nucleosynthesis
• Production of radioactive ${}^{22}$Na in core-collapse supernovae: the Ne-E(L) component in presolar grains and its possible consequences on supernova observations
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• Machine-Learning-Enabled Measurements of Astrophysical (p,n) Reactions with the SECAR Recoil Separator
• Uncertainties in the production of iron-group nuclides in core-collapse supernovae from Monte Carlo variations of reaction rates
• First strength measurements of low-energy resonances in the ${}^{45}$Sc($p,\gamma$)${}^{46}$Ti reaction and its astrophysical implications