Neutrino Driven Explosions aided by Axion Cooling in Multidimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae

Abstract

In this study, we present the first multidimensional core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) simulations including QCD axions in order to assess the impact on the CCSN explosion mechanism. We include axions in our simulations through the nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung emission channel and as a pure energy-sink term under the assumption that the axions free-stream after being emitted. We perform both spherically symmetric (1D) and axisymmetric (2D) simulations. In 1D, we utilize a parameterized heating scheme to achieve explosions, whereas in 2D we self-consistently realize explosions through the neutrino heating mechanism. Our 2D results for a $20M_{\odot }$ progenitor show an impact of the axion emission on the shock behavior and the explosion time when considering values of the Peccei-Quinn energy scale $f_a\le 2\times 10^8$ GeV. The strong cooling due to the axion emission accelerates the contraction of the core and leads to more efficient neutrino heating and earlier explosions. For the axion emission formalism utilized, the values of $f_a$ that impact the explosion are close to, but in tension with current limits based on the neutrinos detected from SN1987A. However, given the non-linear behavior of the emission and the multidimensional nature of CCSNe, we suggest that a self-consistent, multidimensional approach to simulating CCSNe, including any late time accretion and cooling, is needed to fully explore the axion bounds from supernovae and the impact on the CCSN explosion mechanism.

arXiv comment18 pages, 12 figures

References in corpus (41)

• Composition and thermodynamics of nuclear matter with light clusters
• The QCD axion, precisely
• Nucleosynthesis and Remnants in Massive Stars of Solar Metallicity
• Protoneutron star evolution and the neutrino driven wind in general relativistic neutrino radiation hydrodynamics simulations
• Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Theory
• Two-dimensional hydrodynamic core-collapse supernova simulations with spectral neutrino transport. I. Numerical method and results for a 15 M_sun star
• New Equations of State in Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Magnetorotational Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions
• Exploring the relativistic regime with Newtonian hydrodynamics: An improved effective gravitational potential for supernova simulations
• Neutrino-driven explosion of a 20 solar-mass star in three dimensions enabled by strange-quark contributions to neutrino-nucleon scattering
• Neutrino Opacities in Nuclear Matter
• Weak magnetism for antineutrinos in supernovae
• Truncated Moment Formalism for Radiation Hydrodynamics in Numerical Relativity
• Improved axion emissivity from a supernova via nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung
• An Open-Source Neutrino Radiation Hydrodynamics Code for Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Axisymmetric Ab Initio Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations of 12-25 M_sol Stars
• Self-consistent 3D Supernova Models From -7 Minutes to +7 Seconds: a 1-bethe Explosion of a ~19 Solar-mass Progenitor
• Nucleon Spin Fluctuations and the Supernova Emission of Neutrinos and Axions
• Global Comparison of Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations in Spherical Symmetry
• What can be learned from a future supernova neutrino detection?
• A Fresh Look at Axions and SN 1987A
• High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae in Multiple Progenitors
• Probing axions with the neutrino signal from the next galactic supernova
• Crucial Physical Dependencies of the Core-Collapse Supernova Mechanism
• Two Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions Aided by General Relativity with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport
• Neutrino-driven Explosions
• Enhanced Supernova Axion Emission and its Implications
• Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors. III. Three-dimensional models
• Equation of state effects in core-collapse supernovae
• Equation of state effects in the core collapse of a $20$-$M_{\odot }$ star
• Neutrino Emission from Supernovae
• Conservative 3+1 General Relativistic Variable Eddington Tensor Radiation Transport Equations
• Observable signatures of enhanced axion emission from protoneutron stars
• Equation of State Dependence of Gravitational Waves in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Gravitational-wave Signature of a First-order Quantum Chromodynamics Phase Transition in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Reduced Neutrino Opacities and the SN 1987A Signal
• Gravitational-wave Signals From Three-dimensional Supernova Simulations With Different Neutrino-Transport Methods
• Shock Revival in Core-collapse Supernovae Assisted by Heavy Axion-like Particles
• Impact of neutrino pair-production rates in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Prospects for Distinguishing Supernova Models Using a Future Neutrino Signal
• Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations including Neutrino Interactions from the Virial EOS