The Universal Stellar Mass-Stellar Metallicity Relation for Dwarf Galaxies

Abstract

We present spectroscopic metallicities of individual stars in seven gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxies (dIrrs), and we show that dIrrs obey the same mass-metallicity relation as the dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellites of both the Milky Way and M31: Z_* ~ M_*^(0.30 +/- 0.02). The uniformity of the relation is in contradiction to previous estimates of metallicity based on photometry. This relationship is roughly continuous with the stellar mass-stellar metallicity relation for galaxies as massive as M_* = 10^12 M_sun. Although the average metallicities of dwarf galaxies depend only on stellar mass, the shapes of their metallicity distributions depend on galaxy type. The metallicity distributions of dIrrs resemble simple, leaky box chemical evolution models, whereas dSphs require an additional parameter, such as gas accretion, to explain the shapes of their metallicity distributions. Furthermore, the metallicity distributions of the more luminous dSphs have sharp, metal-rich cut-offs that are consistent with the sudden truncation of star formation due to ram pressure stripping.

24 pages, 13 figures, 1 machine-readable table included in "Other formats," accepted to ApJ. Minor typographical corrections in v.2

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• SN 2022ann: A type Icn supernova from a dwarf galaxy that reveals helium in its circumstellar environment
• A metal-poor ultra compact dwarf galaxy at a kiloparsec distance from the low-mass elliptical galaxy FCC47
• Highly r-process enhanced stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
• The bar resonances and low angular momentum moving groups in the Galaxy revealed by stellar ages
• The stellar populations of high-redshift dwarf galaxies
• Mass-metallicity relation of dwarf galaxies and its dependency on time: clues from resolved systems and comparison with massive galaxies
• Catalog of Chromium, Cobalt, and Nickel Abundances in Globular Clusters and Dwarf Galaxies
• The TREX Survey: Kinematical Complexity Throughout M33's Stellar Disk and Evidence for a Stellar Halo
• The Cetus-Palca stream: A disrupted small dwarf galaxy. A prequel to the science possible with WEAVE with precise spectro-photometric distances
• Looking into the faintEst WIth MUSE (LEWIS): on the nature of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Hydra-I cluster.I. Project description and preliminary results
• Ultrafaint Dwarfs - Star Formation and Chemical Evolution in the Smallest Galaxies
• The Most Distant Stars in the Milky Way
• The connection between the host halo and the satellite galaxies of the Milky Way
• A first estimate of the Milky Way dark matter halo spin
• Ca II Triplet Spectroscopy of Small Magellanic Cloud Red Giants. V. Abundances and Velocities for 12 Massive Clusters
• Star formation history of And XVIII: a dwarf spheroidal galaxy in isolation
• The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations III. Chemical abundance relations for accreted and in-situ stars
• Nuclear Star Clusters in Cosmological Simulations
• The Strikingly Metal-Rich Halo of the Sombrero Galaxy
• Enrichment of Strontium in Dwarf Galaxies
• Resolved stellar streams around NGC4631 from a Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
• Implications of the Gaia Sausage for Dark Matter Nuclear Interactions
• Elemental abundances in M31: [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] in M31 Dwarf Galaxies Using Coadded Spectra
• An Introduction to Gas Accretion onto Galaxies
• Chemical abundances in the nuclear region of nearby galaxies from the Palomar Survey
• Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars $-$ III. The chemical and kinematic properties of the stellar halo
• DUSTiER (DUST in the Epoch of Reionization): dusty galaxies in cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization with RAMSES-CUDATON
• Ancient Very Metal-Poor Stars Associated With the Galactic Disk in the H3 Survey
• Spectral Energy Distributions for 258 Local Volume Galaxies
• High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Stars in the Sylgr Stellar Stream
• A galaxy's accretion history unveiled from its integrated spectrum
• The effect of the environment-dependent stellar initial mass function on the photometric properties of star-forming galaxies
• Dwarf Spheroidal Satellite Formation in a Reionized Local Group
• Possibilities and Limitations of Kinematically Identifying Stars from Accreted Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• DDO216-A1: a central globular cluster in a low-luminosity transition type galaxy
• pop-cosmos: A comprehensive picture of the galaxy population from COSMOS data
• HALO7D I: The Line of Sight Velocities of Distant Main Sequence Stars in the Milky Way Halo
• The SAMI-Fornax Dwarfs Survey III: Evolution of [$\alpha$/Fe] in dwarfs, from Galaxy Clusters to the Local Group
• The chemical connection between damped Lyman-α systems and Local Group dwarf galaxies
• Low-mass compact elliptical galaxies: spatially-resolved stellar populations and kinematics with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager
• How the first stars shaped the faintest gas-dominated dwarf galaxies
• Lessons on Star-forming Ultra-diffuse Galaxies from The Stacked Spectra of Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Mapping Accreted Stars in Early-Type Galaxies Across the Mass-Size Plane
• Planetary nebulae: the universal mass-metallicity relation for Local Group dwarf galaxies and the chemistry of NGC 205
• A-SLOTH reveals the nature of the first stars
• The mass-metallicity relation as a ruler for galaxy evolution: insights from the James Webb Space Telescope
• Milky Way archaeology using RR Lyrae and type II Cepheids I. The Orphan stream in 7D using RR Lyrae stars
• EDGE: The emergence of dwarf galaxy scaling relations from cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
• Antlia2's role in driving the ripples in the outer gas disk of the Galaxy
• SMHASH: Anatomy of the Orphan Stream using RR Lyrae stars
• The Proper Motion of Pyxis: the first use of Adaptive Optics in tandem with HST on a faint halo object
• A panoramic view of the Local Group dwarf galaxy NGC 6822
• Discovery of a red backsplash galaxy candidate near M81
• Detailed study of the Milky Way globular cluster Laevens 3
• Quantitative Spectroscopy of Supergiants in the Local Group Dwarf Galaxy IC 1613: Metallicity and Distance
• A portrait of the Vast Polar Structure as a young phenomenon: hints from its member satellites
• Spectroscopic analysis of Milky Way outer halo satellites: Aquarius II and Bootes II
• A Pride of Satellites in the Constellation Leo? Discovery of the Leo VI Milky Way Satellite Galaxy with DELVE Early Data Release 3
• Elemental Abundances in M31: Properties of the Inner Stellar Halo
• Reignited star formation in dwarf galaxies quenched during reionization
• Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history as revealed by detailed elemental abundances
• $S^5$: The destruction of a bright dwarf galaxy as revealed by the chemistry of the Indus stellar stream
• The baryon cycle of Seven Dwarfs with superbubble feedback
• External Enrichment of Minihalos by the First Supernovae
• Massive young stellar objects in the Local Group irregular galaxy NGC6822 identified using machine learning
• A fresh look at the RR Lyrae population in the Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxy with Gaia
• Exploring Simulated Early Star Formation in the Context of the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• What is the Milky Way outer halo made of? High resolution spectroscopy of distant red giants
• Ca II triplet spectroscopy of RGB stars in NGC 6822: kinematics and metallicities
• A Framework for Empirical Galaxy Phenomenology: The Scatter in Galaxy Ages and Stellar Metallicities
• Reversal of Fortune: Increased Star Formation Efficiencies in the Early Histories of Dwarf Galaxies?
• Typhon: a polar stream from the outer halo raining through the Solar neighborhood
• NGC 1261: an $r$-process enhanced globular cluster from the Gaia-Enceladus event
• A state-of-the-art analysis of the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822
• Homogeneous Photometry VI: Variable Stars in the Leo I Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• New Surface Brightness Fluctuations Spectroscopic Technique: NGC4449 and its Stellar Tidal Stream
• Metal Deficiency in Two Massive Dead Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• The Age-Metallicity-Specific Orbital Energy Relation for the Milky Way's Globular Cluster System Confirms the Importance of Accretion for Its Formation
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of the Lowest-Mass Galaxies: A Case Study of IC 1613
• Kinematic and metallicity properties od the Aquarius dwarf galaxy from FORS2 MXU spectroscopy
• Metallicity Distribution Function of the Eridanus~II Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy from Hubble Space Telescope Narrow-band Imaging
• Hedgehog: An Isolated Quiescent Dwarf Galaxy at 2.4 Mpc
• Discovery of 18 stars with -3.10 < [Fe/H] < -1.45 in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• EDGE-INFERNO: Simulating every observable star in faint dwarf galaxies and their consequences for resolved-star photometric surveys
• A Glimpse of the Stellar Populations and Elemental Abundances of Gravitationally Lensed, Quiescent Galaxies at $z\gtrsim 1$ with Keck Deep Spectroscopy
• Antaeus: a retrograde group of tidal debris in the Milky Way's disk plane
• Galactic Habitability Re-Examined: Indications of Bimodality
• From K giants to G dwarfs: stellar lifetime effects on metallicity distributions derived from red giants
• Inhomogeneous Galactic Chemical Evolution: Modelling Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Detailed chemical abundance analysis of the thick disk star cluster Gaia 1
• Testing Feedback from Star Clusters in Simulations of the Milky Way Formation
• The retrograde orbit of the globular cluster FSR1758 revealed with Gaia DR2
• A Tale of a Tail: A Tidally-Disrupting Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy in the M81 Group
• The impact of environment on size: Galaxies are 50% smaller in the Fornax Cluster compared to the field
• Simplified galaxy formation with mesh-less hydrodynamics
• New constraints on the dark matter density profiles of dwarf galaxies from proper motions of globular cluster streams
• Metallicity Distribution Functions of Four Local Group dwarf galaxies
• Effect of primordial non-Gaussianities on the far-UV luminosity function of high-redshift galaxies: implications for cosmic reionization
• Metallicity and Age of the Stellar Stream Around the Disk Galaxy NGC 5907
• Tidally induced velocity gradients in the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellites
• The Distance and Dynamical History of the Virgo Cluster Ultradiffuse Galaxy VCC 615
• The Galaxy Stellar Mass Function and Low Surface Brightness Galaxies from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Spatially Resolved Gas-phase Metallicity in FIRE-2 Dwarfs: Late-Time Evolution of Metallicity Relations in Simulations with Feedback and Mergers
• The Magellanic Edges Survey IV. Complex tidal debris in the SMC outskirts
• Uncovering the Orbit of the Hercules Dwarf Galaxy
• Evidence For Multiple Accretion Events in the $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus Structures
• Metallicity distribution of the progenitor of the Giant Stellar Stream in the Andromeda Galaxy
• The transformation and quenching of simulated gas-rich dwarf satellites within a group environment
• A Statistical Detection of Wide Binary Systems in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II
• AGC 226178 and NGVS 3543: Two deceptive dwarfs towards Virgo
• Constraining the subgrid physics in simulations of isolated dwarf galaxies
• The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) IV: A photometric metallicity analysis of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Population III star formation continues until the end of reionization
• Finding $r$-II sibling stars in the Milky Way with the Greedy Optimistic Clustering algorithm
• Elemental abundances in M31: Individual and Coadded Spectroscopic [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] throughout the M31 Halo with SPLASH
• EMPRESS. XI. SDSS and JWST Search for Local and z~4-5 Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies (EMPGs): Clustering and Chemical Properties of Local EMPGs
• The Rich Lack Close Neighbours: The Dependence of Blue-Straggler Fraction on Metallicity
• Metallicity profiles of Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in NIHAO simulations
• Progenitor-mass-dependent yields amplify intrinsic scatter in dwarf-galaxy elemental abundance ratios
• Revealing the formation mechanism of the shell galaxy NGC474 with MUSE
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The MaNGA Dwarf Galaxy Sample
• The Early Merger that Made the Galaxy's Stellar Halo
• The Origin of the 300 km s${}^{-1}$ Stream Near Segue 1
• Satellite group infall into the Milky Way: exploring the Crater-Leo case with new HST proper motions
• Short period variability in the globular cluster NGC 419 and the SMC field
• Characterisation of local halo building blocks: Thamnos and Sequoia
• Luminous Type II Short-Plateau SN 2023ufx: Asymmetric Explosion of a Partially-Stripped Massive Progenitor
• Unravelling the mass spectrum of destroyed dwarf galaxies with the metallicity distribution function
• On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan--Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia
• Galaxy populations in groups and clusters: evidence for a characteristic stellar mass scale at $M_{\ast }\sim 10^{9.5}{M}_{\odot }$
• Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies III: A homogenized analysis of 13 dwarf spheroidal and ultra-faint galaxies
• Origins of the Evil Eye: M64's Stellar Halo Reveals the Recent Accretion of an SMC-mass Satellite
• Search for heavy dark matter from dwarf spheroidal galaxies: leveraging cascades and subhalo models
• The Circumgalactic Medium in Massive Halos
• Testing the tidal stripping scenario of ultra-compact dwarf galaxy formation by using internal properties
• The AGORA High-Resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project VII: Satellite quenching in zoom-in simulation of a Milky Way-mass halo
• Prospects for Detecting Gaps in Globular Cluster Stellar Streams in External Galaxies with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• A segmented period-luminosity relation for nearby extragalactic $\delta$ Scuti stars
• Probing the assembly of dwarf galaxies through cosmic time with damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption spectroscopy
• Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS) V. Cleaning the foreground populations from Galactic bulge colour-magnitude diagrams using Gaia EDR3
• Exploring X-ray Binary Populations in Compact Group Galaxies with $Chandra$
• Auriga Streams I: disrupting satellites surrounding Milky Way-mass haloes at multiple resolutions
• Connecting Primordial Star Forming Regions and Second Generation Star Formation in the Phoenix Simulations
• Formation and fate of low metallicity stars in IllustrisTNG50
• Mirach's Goblin: Discovery of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy behind the Andromeda galaxy
• The MUSE-Faint survey. IV. Dissecting Leo T, a gas-rich relic with recent star formation
• GABE: Galaxy Assembly with Binary Evolution
• The Isaac Newton Telescope Monitoring Survey of Local Group Dwarf Galaxies. VI. The Star Formation History and Dust Production in Andromeda IX
• Europium enrichment and hierarchical formation of the Galactic halo
• Detectability of Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Analogues at High Redshifts
• Chemical Abundances of the Typhon Stellar Stream
• The Challenge to MOND from ultra faint dwarf galaxies
• A bag of tricks: Using proper motions of Galactic stars to identify the Hercules ultra-faint dwarf galaxy members
• Red supergiant stars in IC 1613 and metallicity-dependent mixing length in the evolutionary model
• NGC 6822 as a probe of dwarf galactic evolution
• A Dwarf Disrupting -- Andromeda XXVII and the North West Stream
• Interlopers speak out: studying the dark universe using small-scale lensing anisotropies
• Extreme Tidal Stripping May Explain the Overmassive Black Hole in Leo I: a Proof of Concept
• Expanding on the Fundamental Metallicity Relation in Dwarf Galaxies with MUSE
• The supernova rate beyond the optical radius
• Analysis of Fermi-LAT data from Tucana-II: Possible constraints on the Dark Matter models with an intriguing hint of a signal
• The role of accreted and in situ populations in shaping the stellar halos of low-mass galaxies
• The Contribution Of Outer HI Disks To The Merging Binary Black Hole Population
• The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: From Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
• Evidence That Hydra I is a Tidally Disrupting Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy
• Addressing via N-body simulations the distribution of the satellite tidal debris in the Milky Way environment
• Measuring Dwarf Galaxy Intrinsic Abundance Scatter with Mid-resolution Spectroscopic Surveys: Calibrating APOGEE Abundance Errors
• The physical origin of positive metallicity radial gradients in high-redshift galaxies: insights from the FIRE-2 cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXXIII. Stellar Population Gradients in the Virgo Cluster Core Globular Cluster System
• Andromeda XXV -- a dwarf galaxy with a low central dark matter density
• Inferring the Galactic potential with Gaia and friends: synergies with other surveys
• Characterizing the SHARDS of Disrupted Milky Way Satellites with LAMOST
• The metal-poor dwarf irregular galaxy candidate next to Mrk 1172
• Can tides explain the low dark matter density in Fornax?
• Two Channels of Metal-Rich Compact Stellar System Formation: Starbursts under High Ram Pressure versus Tidal Stripping
• Mass Modeling the Andromeda Dwarf Galaxies: Andromeda VI and Andromeda XXIII
• Testing $\Lambda$CDM With Dwarf Galaxy Morphology
• HALO7D III: Chemical Abundances of Milky Way Halo Stars from Medium Resolution Spectra
• COLIBRE: calibrating subgrid feedback in cosmological simulations that include a cold gas phase
• Denuded Dwarfs Demystified: Gas Loss from dSph Progenitors and Implications for the Minimum Mass of Galaxies
• The Low-Mass Stellar Initial Mass Function in Nearby Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
• Probing baryonic processes and gastrophysics in the formation of the Milky Way dwarf satellites: I. metallicity distribution properties
• Measuring Resolved Star Formation Histories from High-Precision Color-Magnitude Diagrams with StarFormationHistories.jl
• A multiple burst accretion Model to describe the metallicity distributions and stellar mass-metallicity relation for Local Dwarf Galaxies
• The disk averaged star formation relation for Local Volume dwarf galaxies
• The Progenitor of the Peculiar Galaxy NGC3077
• Black Hole Scaling Relations in the Dwarf-galaxy Regime with $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus and $\omega$Centauri
• AuriDESI: Mock Catalogues for the DESI Milky Way Survey
• Detection and characterization of detached tidal dwarf galaxies
• The emergence of globular clusters and globular-cluster-like dwarfs
• The Properties of Nuclear Star Clusters and their Host Galaxies
• HD 222925: a New Opportunity to Explore the Astrophysical and Nuclear Conditions of r-process Sites
• From order to chaos: the blurred out metallicity gradient of the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage progenitor
• XMM-Newton study of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy
• Kinematics and metallicity of the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Andromeda XVIII
• Upper Limits on the Mass of Cool Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium of Dwarf Galaxies
• Exploring the Diversity of Faint Satellites in the M81 Group
• Evolution of dwarf galaxy observable parameters
• A Global Census of Metals in the Universe
• Dwarf Galaxies in the MATLAS Survey: The satellite system of NGC474 under scrutiny with MUSE
• Deciphering the Kinematic Substructure of Local Dark Matter with LAMOST K Giants
• The "Building Blocks" of Stellar Halos
• Dark sector domain walls could explain the observed planes of satellites
• Survivors and Zombies: The Quenching and Disruption of Satellites around Milky Way Analogs
• pop-cosmos: Insights from generative modeling of a deep, infrared-selected galaxy population
• The Milky Way in context: The formation of galactic discs and chemical sequences from a cosmological perspective
• Evolution of dwarf spheroidal satellites in the common surface-density dark halos
• Structural and Photometric Properties of the Andromeda Satellite Dwarf Galaxy Lacerta I from Deep Imaging with WIYN pODI
• Chemodynamics of the Milky Way and disc formation history: insight from the RAVE and Gaia-ESO surveys
• IFUM Integrated Field Spectroscopy of Ten M104 Satellite Galaxy Candidates
• The Origin of the Stellar Mass-Stellar Metallicity Relation in the Milky Way Satellites and beyond
• Is the stellar mass-stellar metallicity relation universal in the Milky Way satellites and beyond?
• Multiwavelength survey of X-ray sources in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• Star formation and gas flow history of a dwarf irregular galaxy traced by gas-phase and stellar metallicities
• Exploring effects of IMF sampling and SN feedback injection on star formation and metallicity in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
• The dynamics of Andromeda's dwarf galaxies and stellar streams
• Understanding Stellar Mass-Metallicity and Size Relations in Simulated Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies
• Stellar Profile Independent Determination of the Dark Matter Distribution of the Fornax Local Group Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
• MUSE observations of dwarf galaxies and a stellar stream in the M83 group
• What do planetary nebulae and H II regions reveal about the chemical evolution of nearby dwarf galaxies?
• Dark Star Clusters or Ultra-Faint Dwarf galaxies? Revisiting UMa3/U1
• The Future of Dwarf Galaxy Research: What Telescopes Will Discover
• The disc origin of the Milky Way bulge: On the high velocity dispersion of metal-rich stars at low latitude
• The X-ray and Radio Loud Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2020mrf: Implications for an Emerging Class of Engine-Driven Massive Star Explosions
• Ages and metallicities of stellar clusters using S-PLUS narrow-band integrated photometry: the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The impact of rare events on the chemical enrichment in dwarf galaxies
• Euclid: Early Release Observations -- The star cluster systems of the Local Group dwarf galaxies IC 10 and NGC 6822
• Accreted stars and stellar haloes of simulated galaxies in TNG50
• Looking into the faintEst WIth MUSE (LEWIS): on the nature of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Hydra I cluster. V. Integrated stellar population properties
• Too small to succeed: the difficulty of sustaining star formation in low-mass haloes
• Evidence for Photometric Contamination in Key Observations of Cepheids in the Benchmark Galaxy IC 1613
• Chemodynamics of BoötesI with $S^5$: Revised Velocity Gradient, Dark Matter Density, and Galactic Chemical Evolution Constraints
• MUSEQuBES: Physical conditions, origins, and multi-element abundances of the circumgalactic medium of an isolated, star-forming dwarf galaxy at z=0.57
• Radial velocities and stellar populations for a sample of MATLAS survey dwarfs
• Identification of a dwarf galaxy stream in Gaia, and its possible association with the VPOS structure
• The Magellanic Edges Survey -- II. Formation of the LMC's northern arm
• HR-GO II: chemical abundances of low-$E$ retrograde dynamically-tagged-groups: Revealing Thamnos as a very metal-poor substructure
• SNITCH: Seeking a simple, informative star formation history inference tool
• From gas to stars: MUSEings on the internal evolution of IC 1613
• HE0144-4657: A Carbon-Enhanced Ultra Metal-Poor Star ([Fe/H] ~ -4.1) from the Helmi Stream Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
• Recovering the properties of the interstellar medium through integrated spectroscopy: application to the z~0 ECO volume-limited star-forming galaxy sample
• Cosmological Simulations of Satellites around Isolated Dwarf Galaxies
• Chemo-dynamical reconstruction of Milky Way globular cluster progenitors: Age-metallicity relations and the universality of multiple stellar populations
• NIHAO-LG: The uniqueness of Local Group dwarf galaxies
• Magellan/IMACS spectroscopy of Grus I: A low metallicity ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
• The Delegate Survey: KOALA/AAOmega-IFU spectroscopy of three nearby dwarf galaxies
• A new member of the Milky Way's family tree: Characterizing the Pontus merger of our Galaxy
• Probing possible effects of circumgalactic media on the metal content of galaxies through the mass-metallicity relationship
• Young, blue, and isolated stellar systems in the Virgo Cluster. II. A new class of stellar system
• The Nuclear Star Cluster of M 74: a fossil record of the very early stages of a star-forming galaxy
• EDGE-INFERNO: How chemical enrichment assumptions impact the individual stars of a simulated ultra-faint dwarf galaxy
• HR-pyPopStar II: high spectral resolution evolutionary synthesis models low metallicity expansion and the properties of the stellar populations of dwarf galaxies
• FAST-SBF: an automatic procedure for the measurement of Surface Brightness Fluctuations for large sky surveys
• Near-Field Cosmology with the Lowest-Mass Galaxies
• A VLT/FORS2 spectroscopic survey of individual stars in a transforming dwarf galaxy
• The chemodynamical memory of a major merger in a NIHAO-UHD Milky Way analogue -- I. A golden thread through time and space
• CROCODILE-DWARF: Assembly and Kinematics of Field Dwarf Galaxies with GADGET4-OSAKA
• Willman 1 Revisited: The Kinematics, Chemistry, and Orbital Properties of a Potentially-Disrupting Dwarf Galaxy
• Chemical evolution history of MaNGA galaxies
• NGC 147 Corroborates the Break in the Stellar Mass-Stellar Metallicity Relation for Galaxies
• Multi-component, axisymmetric dynamical models of dSphs based on distribution functions: inferences on dark matter and intermediate-mass black holes in Draco and Ursa Minor
• Epicyclic Density Variations in the Indus Stellar Stream
• The Treasury of Extremely Metal-Poor O Stars
• The dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822. II. Young, intermediate and old stellar populations: comparison between theory and observations
• On the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822. I. Young, intermediate and old stellar populations