Chemodynamics of BoötesI with $S^{5}$: Revised Velocity Gradient, Dark Matter Density, and Galactic Chemical Evolution Constraints

Nathan R. Sandford; Ting S. Li; Sergey E. Koposov; Kohei Hayashi; Andrew B. Pace; Denis Erkal; Jo Bovy; Gary S. Da Costa; Lara R. Cullinane; Alexander P. Ji; Kyler Kuehn; Daniel B. Zucker; Guilherme Limberg; Gustavo E. Medina; Joshua D. Simon; Yong Yang; S5 Collaboration

paper

Chemodynamics of BoötesI with $S^{5}$ : Revised Velocity Gradient, Dark Matter Density, and Galactic Chemical Evolution Constraints

arXiv:2509.02546

Abstract

We combine new spectroscopic observations of the ultra faint dwarf galaxy (UFD) Boötes I (Boo I) from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey ( $S^{5}$ ) with $\sim$ 15 years of archival spectroscopic data to create the largest sample of stellar kinematics and metallicities to date in any Milky Way UFD. Our combined sample includes 148 members extending out to $\sim$ 7 half-light radii ( $r_{h}$ ), including 24 newly confirmed members, 18 binary candidates, 15 RR Lyrae stars, and 92 [Fe/H] measurements. Using this larger and more spatially extended sample, we provide updated constraints on Boo I's systemic properties, including its radial population gradients. Properly accounting for perspective rotation effects in a UFD for the first time, we detect a $4 σ$ line-of-sight velocity gradient of $1.2 \pm 0.3$ km s $^{- 1}$ $r_{h}^{- 1}$ aligned along Boo I's orbit and discuss its potential tidal origins. We also infer a metallicity gradient of $- 0.10 \pm 0.02$ dex $r_{h}^{- 1}$ in agreement with previous studies. Using an axisymmetric Jeans model, we provide updated constraints on Boo I's dark matter density profile, which weakly favor a cusped ( $γ = 1. 0_{- 0.6}^{+ 0.5}$ ) dark matter profile. Lastly, we re-analyze Boo I's metallicity distribution function with a one-zone galactic chemical evolution model and place new constraints on its rapid, inefficient star formation and strong galactic outflows.

arXiv comment40 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome

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Chemodynamics of BoötesI with S5: Revised Velocity Gradient, Dark Matter Density, and Galactic Chemical Evolution Constraints

Abstract

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Chemodynamics of BoötesI with $S^{5}$ : Revised Velocity Gradient, Dark Matter Density, and Galactic Chemical Evolution Constraints