The Systematic Properties of the Warm Phase of Starburst-Driven Galactic Winds

Abstract

Using ultra-violet absorption-lines, we analyze the systematic properties of the warm ionized phase of starburst-driven winds in a sample of 39 low-redshift objects that spans broad ranges in starburst and galaxy properties. Total column densities for the outflows are $\sim$10${}^{21}$ cm${}^{-2}$. The outflow velocity (v${}_{out}$) correlates only weakly with the galaxy stellar mass (M${}_{\ast }$), or circular velocity (v${}_{cir}$), but strongly with both SFR and SFR/area. The normalized outflow velocity (v${}_{out}/v_{cir}$) correlates well with both SFR/area and SFR/M${}_{\ast }$. The estimated outflow rates of warm ionized gas ($\dot{M}$) are $\sim$ 1 to 4 times the SFR, and the ratio $\dot{M}/SFR$ does not correlate with v${}_{out}$. We show that a model of a population of clouds accelerated by the combined forces of gravity and the momentum flux from the starburst matches the data. We find a threshold value for the ratio of the momentum flux supplied by the starburst to the critical momentum flux needed for the wind to overcome gravity acting on the clouds ($R_{crit}$). For $R_{crit}>$ 10 (strong-outflows) the outflow momentum flux is similar to the total momentum flux from the starburst and the outflow velocity exceeds the galaxy escape velocity. Neither is the case for the weak-outflows ($R_{crit}<$ 10). For the weak-outflows, the data severely disagree with many prescriptions in numerical simulations or semi-analytic models of galaxy evolution. The agreement is better for the strong-outflows, and we advocate the use of $R_{crit}$ to guide future prescriptions.

Accepted for publication in ApJ. Contains 16 pages, 11 figure, and 2 tables

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