A galactic outflow traced by its extended Mg II emission out to a $\sim 30$ kpc radius in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with MUSE

Abstract

We report the discovery of a rare Mg II $\lambda$$\lambda$ 2796, 2803 doublet emission halo around a star forming galaxy with $\log (M_{\star }$/M${}_{\odot })=10.3\pm 0.3$ at $z=0.737$ in deep (9.94 h) VLT/MUSE data from the MUSE-HUDF mosaic. While the central region prominently displays an absorption-dominated Mg II doublet, characterized by discernible P-Cyg features, our examination reveals a remarkably extended Mg II emission, spanning approximately $\sim 30$ kpc from the central galaxy. We introduce a simple outflow radiative transfer modeling scheme based on the Sobolev approximation, and we employ a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) fitting to find the best-fitting parameters that match our data. The model reproduces several key features of the observed Mg II halo and allows us to constrain the kinematics and geometry of the outflowing gas. Our data are consistent with a biconical wind whose velocity increases with radius, pointing nearly towards the observer, with an opening angle of $59\pm 4^{\circ }$ In general, we find that our outflow model performs better in the inner regions of the galactic wind ($\lesssim 10$ kpc $\approx 6$ half-light radii), reaching a velocity of $\sim 120$ km s${}^{-1}$ at 10 kpc from the central galaxy. However, discrepancies between the data and the model in the outer regions suggest the possible influence of additional mechanisms, such as inflows, satellite interactions, or turbulence, which might significantly shape the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies at larger impact parameters. This analysis underscores the complexity of galactic outflows and encourages further exploration of the processes governing the dynamics of galactic winds through spatially resolved studies of the CGM.

22 pages + appendix, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (49)

• Star Formation in AEGIS Field Galaxies since z=1.1 : The Dominance of Gradually Declining Star Formation, and the Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies
• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling I: The relevance of uncertain aspects of stellar evolution and the IMF to the derived physical properties of galaxies
• The Circumgalactic Medium
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• The Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The MUSE second-generation VLT instrument
• Stellar Population Inference with Prospector
• Ubiquitous outflows in DEEP2 spectra of star-forming galaxies at z=1.4
• UV-extended E-MILES stellar population models: young components in massive early-type galaxies
• The Chandra Deep Field-South Survey: 7 Ms Source Catalogs
• Evolutionary stellar population synthesis with MILES - II. Scaled-solar and α-enhanced models
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: I. Survey description, data reduction and source detection
• The lifecycle of molecular clouds in nearby star-forming disc galaxies
• A Turnover in the Galaxy Main Sequence of Star Formation at $M_{\ast }\sim 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ for Redshifts $z<1.3$
• Resolving small-scale cold circumgalactic gas in TNG50
• UVUDF: Ultraviolet Through Near-infrared Catalog and Photometric Redshifts of Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: II. Spectroscopic redshifts and comparisons to color selections of high-redshift galaxies
• Diffuse Lyman-alpha Halos around Galaxies at z=2.2-6.6: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Cosmic Reionization
• The Lyman alpha Reference Sample: Extended Lyman alpha Halos Produced at Low Dust Content
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) II. A study of gas accretion around $z\approx 1$ star-forming galaxies with background quasars
• Quasars Probing Galaxies: I. Signatures of Gas Accretion at Redshift Approximately 0.2
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field surveys: Data release II
• Predictions for the Angular Dependence of Gas Mass Flow Rate and Metallicity in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Optically-Thin Spatially-Resolved Mg II Emission Maps the Escape of Ionizing Photons
• A clumpy and anisotropic galaxy halo at z=1 from gravitational-arc tomography
• A Semi-Analytical Line Transfer (SALT) model to interpret the spectra of galaxy outflows
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) VIII. Discovery of a MgII emission halo probed by a quasar sightline
• Being KLEVER at cosmic noon: ionised gas outflows are inconspicuous in low-mass star-forming galaxies but prominent in massive AGN hosts
• Galactic inflow and wind recycling rates in the EAGLE simulations
• Simulating the diversity of shapes of the Lyman-$\alpha$ line
• Bipolar Outflows out to 10~kpc for Massive Galaxies at Redshift $z\approx 1$
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: VII. FeII* Emission in Star-Forming Galaxies
• The MUSE eXtremely Deep Field: Individual detections of Lyα haloes around rest-frame UV-selected galaxies at z~2.9-4.4
• Hydrogen Emission from the Ionized Gaseous Halos of Low Redshift Galaxies
• The MUSE Extremely Deep Field: a first panoramic view of an Mg II emitting intragroup medium
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: Resolved Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Modeling of Spatially Extended Lyman-alpha Emission in the KBSS-KCWI Survey
• MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) IV: A two sightline tomography of a galactic wind
• On the detectability of visible-wavelength line emission from the local circumgalactic and intergalactic medium
• The Effect of Bi-conical Outflows on Ly$\alpha$ Escape From Green Peas
• Clumpiness of Observed and Simulated Cold Circumgalactic Gas
• A spatially resolved analysis of star-formation burstiness by comparing UV and H$\alpha$ in galaxies at z$\sim$1 with UVCANDELS
• Orientation effects on cool gas absorption from gravitational-arc tomography of a z = 0.77 disc galaxy
• Linking Mg II and [O II] spatial distribution to ionizing photon escape in confirmed LyC leakers and non-leakers
• Directly constraining the spatial coherence of the $z\sim 1$ circumgalactic medium
• The circumgalactic medium in Lyman-alpha: a new constraint on galactic outflow models
• A VLT/FORS2 Narrowband Imaging Search for MgII Emission Around z ~ 0.7 Galaxies
• Spatially-resolved Spectroscopic Analysis of Ly$\alpha$ Haloes: Radial Evolution of the Ly$\alpha$ Line Profile out to 60 kpc
• Constraints on galactic outflows from the metallicity-stellar mass-SFR relation of EAGLE simulation and SDSS galaxies
• The Lyman $\alpha$ Reference Sample XIV: Lyman $\alpha$ imaging of 45 low redshift star-forming galaxies and inferences on global emission

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Misty, patchy, and turbulent: constraining the cool circumgalactic medium with mCC
• The Intrinsic Distribution of Lyman-$\alpha$ Halos
• Ultra-strong MgII absorbers trace both inflowing and outflowing gas: insights from dual down-the-barrel and quasar sightlines
• A z$\sim$1 galactic-scale outflow transversally mapped to $\sim$50 kpc through gravitational-arc tomography
• First statistical constraints on galactic scale outflows properties traced by their extended Mg II emission with MUSE