On the nature of ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidates I: DES1, Eridanus III and Tucana V

Abstract

We use deep Gemini/GMOS-S $g,r$ photometry to study the three ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidates DES1, Eridanus III (Eri III) and Tucana V (Tuc V). Their total luminosities, $M_V$(DES1) $=-1.42\pm 0.50$ and $M_V$(Eri III) $=-2.07\pm 0.50$, and mean metallicities, [Fe/H] $=-2.38_{-0.19}^{+0.21}$ and [Fe/H] $=-2.40_{-0.12}^{+0.19}$, are consistent with them being ultra-faint dwarf galaxies as they fall just outside the 1-sigma confidence band of the luminosity-metallicity relation for Milky Way satellite galaxies. However, their positions in the size-luminosity relation suggests that they are star clusters. Interestingly, DES1 and Eri III are at relatively large Galactocentric distances with DES1 located at $D_{GC}=74\pm$4 kpc and Eri III at $D_{GC}=91\pm$4 kpc. In projection both objects are in the tail of gaseous filaments trailing the Magellanic Clouds and have similar 3D-separations from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC): $\Delta D_{SMC,DES1}$ = 31.7 kpc and $\Delta D_{SMC,EriIII}$ = 41.0 kpc, respectively. It is plausible that these stellar systems are metal-poor SMC satellites. Tuc V represents an interesting phenomenon in its own right. Our deep photometry at the nominal position of Tuc V reveals a low-level excess of stars at various locations across the GMOS field without a well-defined centre. A SMC Northern Overdensity-like isochrone would be an adequate match to the Tuc V colour-magnitude diagram, and the proximity to the SMC ($12.1^{\circ }$; $\Delta D_{SMC,TucV}=13$ kpc) suggests that Tuc V is either a chance grouping of stars related to the SMC halo or a star cluster in an advanced stage of dissolution.

23 Pages, 26 Figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

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