SCORCH I: The Galaxy-Halo Connection in the First Billion Years

Abstract

SCORCH (Simulations and Constructions of the Reionization of Cosmic Hydrogen) is a new project to study the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). In this first paper, we probe the connection between observed high-redshift galaxies and simulated dark matter halos to better understand the abundance and evolution of the primary source of ionizing radiation. High-resolution N-body simulations are run to quantify the abundance of dark matter halos as a function of mass $M$, accretion rate $\dot{M}$, and redshift $z$. A new fit for the halo mass function $dn/dM$ is $\approx 20\%$ more accurate at the high-mass end where bright galaxies are expected to reside. A novel approach is used to fit the halo accretion rate function $dn/d\dot{M}$ in terms of the halo mass function. Abundance matching against the observed galaxy luminosity function is used to estimate the luminosity-mass relation and the luminosity-accretion-rate relation. The inferred star formation efficiency is not monotonic with $M$ nor $\dot{M}$, but reaches a maximum value at a characteristic mass $\sim 2\times 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$ and a characteristic accretion rate $\sim 6\times 10^2{M}_{\odot }/\mathrm{yr}$ at $z\approx 6$. We find a universal EoR luminosity-accretion-rate relation and construct a fiducial model for the galaxy luminosity function. The Schechter parameters evolve such that ${\varphi }_{\star }$ decreases, $M_{\star }$ is more positive (fainter), and $\alpha$ is more negative (steeper) at higher redshifts. We forecast for the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and show that with apparent magnitude limit $m_{\mathrm{AB}}\approx 31(32)$, it can observe $\gtrsim 11(24)$ unlensed galaxies per square degree per unit redshift at least down to $M_{\star }$ at $z\lesssim 13(14)$.

Published in ApJ, 16 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables

References in corpus (16)

• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• The End of the Reionization Epoch Probed by Ly-alpha Emitters at z=6.5 in the Subaru Deep Field
• The halo mass function from the dark ages through the present day
• The morphology of HII regions during reionization
• The Direct Detection of Lyman-Continuum Emission from Star-forming Galaxies at z~3
• On the Lack of Evolution in Galaxy Star Formation Efficiency
• The Nearly Universal Merger Rate of Dark Matter Haloes in Lambda-CDM Cosmology
• Radiative transfer simulations of cosmic reionization I: methodology and initial results
• The Halo Mass Function: High-Redshift Evolution and Universality
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers I. Design and Calibration of Simulations
• Imprint of Inhomogeneous Hydrogen Reionization on the Temperature Distribution of the Intergalactic Medium
• The Luminosity Function at z~8 from 97 Y-band dropouts: Inferences About Reionization
• The accretion history of dark matter halos II: The connections with the mass power spectrum and the density profile
• Dark matter halo abundances, clustering and assembly histories at high redshift
• On Modeling and Measuring the Temperature of the z~5 IGM
• Probing the Epoch of Reionization with the Lyman Alpha Forest at z~4-5

Cited by in corpus (72)

• The Dearth of z~10 Galaxies in all HST Legacy Fields -- The Rapid Evolution of the Galaxy Population in the First 500 Myr
• A redshift-independent efficiency model: star formation and stellar masses in dark matter halos at z>4
• Large Fluctuations in the High-Redshift Metagalactic Ionizing Background
• GOLDRUSH. II. Clustering of Galaxies at $z\sim 4-6$ Revealed with the Half-Million Dropouts Over the 100 deg${}^2$ Area Corresponding to 1 Gpc${}^3$
• Observing the tail of reionization: neutral islands in the $z=5.5$ Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest
• The Impossibly Early Galaxy Problem
• The Brightest $z\gtrsim 8$ Galaxies over the COSMOS UltraVISTA Field
• Balancing the efficiency and stochasticity of star formation with dust extinction in z > 10 galaxies observed by JWST
• On the Contribution of Active Galactic Nuclei to the High-Redshift Metagalactic Ionizing Background
• The bright-end galaxy candidates at z ~ 9 from 79 independent HST fields
• A Minimalist Feedback-Regulated Model for Galaxy Formation During the Epoch of Reionization
• Heating of the Intergalactic Medium by Hydrogen Reionization
• The Persistence of Population III Star Formation
• The Effects of Population III X-ray and Radio Backgrounds on the Cosmological 21-cm Signal
• A short mean free path at $z=6$ favors late and rapid reionization by faint galaxies
• Bursty star formation during the Cosmic Dawn driven by delayed stellar feedback
• Breaking degeneracies in the first galaxies with clustering
• Reionization Through the Lens of Percolation Theory
• Early Structure Formation Constraints on the Ultra-Light Axion in the Post-Inflation Scenario
• Constraining First Star Formation with 21cm-Cosmology
• High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: II. Galaxy line and continuum spectral indices and dust attenuation curves
• Ruling out 3 keV warm dark matter using 21 cm-EDGES data
• A halo model approach for the 21-cm power spectrum at cosmic dawn
• A limit on the warm dark matter particle mass from the redshifted 21 cm absorption line
• Helium Reionization Simulations. II. Signatures of Quasar Activity on the IGM
• Chasing Lyman alpha-emitting galaxies at z = 8.8
• AMBER: A Semi-numerical Abundance Matching Box for the Epoch of Reionization
• Constraints on the End of Reionization from the Density Fields Surrounding Two Highly Opaque Quasar Sightlines
• Machine Learning Applied to the Reionization History of the Universe in the 21 cm Signal
• On the decreasing fraction of Strong Ly$\alpha$ Emitters around $z$ $\sim$ $6$-$7$
• Accurate predictions from small boxes: variance suppression via the Zel'dovich approximation
• A self-consistent semi-analytic model for Population III star formation in minihalos
• Exploring a primordial solution for early black holes detected with the JWST
• A Flexible Analytic Model of Cosmic Variance in the First Billion Years
• The importance of galaxy formation histories in models of reionization
• Probing the thermal history during reionization using a semi-numerical photon-conserving code SCRIPT
• The 21 cm-kSZ-kSZ Bispectrum during the Epoch of Reionization
• The Morphology of Reionization in a Dynamically Clumpy Universe
• SCORCH. II. Radiation-Hydrodynamic simulations of reionization with varying radiation escape fractions
• The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Stellar Initial Mass Function
• Effects of Photoionization and Photoheating on Lyman-alpha Forest Properties from Cholla Cosmological Simulations
• Helium Reionization Simulations. I. Modeling Quasars as Radiation Sources
• Magnification Bias of Distant Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: Testing Wave vs. Particle Dark Matter Predictions
• Patchy Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect with Controlled Reionization History and Morphology
• Constraining the reionization and thermal history of the Universe using a semi-numerical photon-conserving code SCRIPT
• Systematic uncertainties in models of the cosmic dawn
• Quasi-equilibrium models of high-redshift disc galaxy evolution
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation - VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy
• CDIM: Cosmic Dawn Intensity Mapper Final Report
• A Model-Insensitive Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Feature in the 21 cm Signal from Reionization
• Estimating Cosmological Parameters from the Dark Matter Distribution
• Probing Small Scale Primordial Power Spectrum with 21cm Line Global Signal
• Parametrizing the Reionization History with the Redshift Midpoint, Duration, and Asymmetry
• The First Billion Years in Seconds: An Effective Model for the 21-cm Signal with Population III Stars
• SCORCH. III. Analytical Models of Reionization with Varying Clumping Factors
• A Cosmological Solution to the Impossibly Early Galaxy Problem
• Dust in High-Redshift Galaxies: Reconciling UV Attenuation and IR Emission
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers. Ultraviolet Continuum Slopes and Dust Opacities in High Redshift Galaxies
• The extent of intergalactic metal enrichment from galactic winds during the Cosmic Dawn
• A fast method of reionization parameter space exploration using GPR trained SCRIPT
• On the expected purity of photometric galaxy surveys targeting the Cosmic Dawn
• The properties of primordially-seeded black holes and their hosts in the first billion years: implications for JWST
• The Ultramarine Simulation: properties of dark matter haloes before redshift 5.5
• Small-scale Effects of Thermal Inflation on Halo Abundance at High-$z$, Galaxy Substructure Abundance and 21-cm Power Spectrum
• Prospects of FRBs and Large Scale 21 cm Power Spectra in Constraining the Epoch of Reionization
• A statistical framework for recovering intensity mapping autocorrelations from crosscorrelations
• Signatures of reionization feedback in the near-infrared background
• Spectral Signatures of Population III and Envelope-stripped Stars in Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization
• Upper Limit on Star Formation and Metal Enrichment in Minihalos
• Constraint on Matter Power Spectrum on $10^6-10^9{M}_{\odot }$ Scales from ${\tau }_e$
• Imaging reionization's last phases with I-front Lyman-$\alpha$ emissions
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background