The bright-end galaxy candidates at z ~ 9 from 79 independent HST fields

Abstract

We present a full data analysis of the pure-parallel Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging observations in the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies Survey (BoRG[z9]) in Cycle 22. The medium-deep exposures with five HST/WFC3IR+UVIS filter bands from 79 independent sightlines (~370 arcmin^2) provide the least biased determination of number density for z>9 bright galaxies against cosmic variance. After a strict two-step selection for candidate galaxies, including dropout color and photometric redshift analyses, and revision of previous BoRG candidates, we identify one source at z~10 and two sources at z~9. The z~10 candidate shows evidence of line-of-sight lens magnification (mu~1.5), yet it appears surprisingly luminous (MUV ~ -22.6\pm0.3 mag), making it one of the brightest candidates at z > 8 known (~ 0.3 mag brighter than the z = 8.68 galaxy EGSY8p7, spectroscopically confirmed by Zitrin and collaborators). For z ~ 9 candidates, we include previous data points at fainter magnitudes and find that the data are well fitted by a Schechter luminosity function with alpha ~ -2.1, MUV ~ -21.5 mag, and log phi ~ -4.5 Mpc^-3mag^-1, for the first time without fixing any parameters. The inferred cosmic star formation rate density is consistent with unaccelerated evolution from lower redshift.

arXiv comment18pages, 7figures, 6tables. accepted to the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (99)

• Maps of Dust IR Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and CMBR Foregrounds
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• The Average Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Dark Matter Halos from z=0-8
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies
• EAZY: A Fast, Public Photometric Redshift Code
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• COSMOS Photometric Redshifts with 30-bands for 2-deg2
• Bayesian photometric redshift estimation
• Virial shocks in galactic haloes?
• An ultra-deep near-infrared spectrum of a compact quiescent galaxy at z=2.2
• Observational constraints on Cosmic Reionization
• A Survey of z>5.7 Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II: Discovery of Three Additional Quasars at z>6
• The Evolution of the Galaxy Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function Over the First Two Billion Years
• Statistics of 207 Lya Emitters at a Redshift Near 7: Constraints on Reionization and Galaxy Formation Models
• A Remarkably Luminous Galaxy at z=11.1 Measured with Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy
• The Abundance of Star-Forming Galaxies in the Redshift Range 8.5 to 12: New Results from the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field Campaign
• Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: I. Detection, Multiband Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Morphology
• Reionization after Planck: The Derived Growth of the Cosmic Ionizing Emissivity now matches the Growth of the Galaxy UV Luminosity Density
• UV-Continuum Slopes of >4000 z~4-8 Galaxies from the HUDF/XDF, HUDF09, ERS, CANDELS-South, and CANDELS-North Fields
• A new multi-field determination of the galaxy luminosity function at z=7-9 incorporating the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field imaging
• The Dearth of z~10 Galaxies in all HST Legacy Fields -- The Rapid Evolution of the Galaxy Population in the First 500 Myr
• Directly Observing the Galaxies Likely Responsible for Reionization
• CLASH: Three Strongly Lensed Images of a Candidate z ~ 11 Galaxy
• The Universe is Reionizing at z~7: Bayesian Inference of the IGM Neutral Fraction Using Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies
• Cosmic Variance and Its Effect on the Luminosity Function Determination in Deep High z Surveys
• Early star-forming galaxies and the reionization of the Universe
• Implications for the Cosmic Reionization from the Optical Afterglow Spectrum of the Gamma-Ray Burst 050904 at z = 6.3
• Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: spectroscopic confirmation
• Cosmic Variance in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
• Physical Conditions in a Young, Unreddened, Low Metallicity Galaxy at High Redshift
• Full-Data Results of Hubble Frontier Fields: UV Luminosity Functions at $z\sim 6-10$ and a Consistent Picture of Cosmic Reionization
• The Discovery of a Luminous z=5.80 Quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• WFPC2 Observations of the Hubble Deep Field-South
• ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: The Infrared Excess of UV-selected z=2-10 galaxies as a function of UV-continuum Slope and Stellar Mass
• Probing the Dawn of Galaxies at z~9-12: New Constraints from HUDF12/XDF and CANDELS Data
• The Galaxy UV Luminosity Function Before the Epoch of Reionization
• Lyman-alpha Emission from a Luminous z=8.68 Galaxy: Implications for Galaxies as Tracers of Cosmic Reionization
• The UV Luminosity Function of star-forming galaxies via dropout selection at redshifts z ~ 7 and 8 from the 2012 Ultra Deep Field campaign
• Structure and Morphologies of z~7-8 Galaxies from ultra-deep WFC3/IR Imaging of the HUDF
• The z = 9-10 galaxy population in the Hubble Frontier Fields and CLASH surveys: The z=9 LF and further evidence for a smooth decline in UV luminosity at z >= 8
• The Extreme Faint End of the UV Luminosity Function at $z\sim 6$ Through Gravitational Telescopes: a comprehensive assessment of strong lensing uncertainties
• Dependence of Galaxy Quenching on Halo Mass and Distance from its Centre
• Great Optically Luminous Dropout Research Using Subaru HSC (GOLDRUSH). I. UV Luminosity Functions at $z\sim 4-7$ Derived with the Half-Million Dropouts on the 100 deg${}^2$ Sky
• The changing Lya optical depth in the range 6<z<9 from MOSFIRE spectroscopy of Y-dropouts
• The JWST Extragalactic Mock Catalog: Modeling galaxy populations from the UV through the near-IR over thirteen billion years of cosmic history
• Hubble Frontier Fields First Complete Cluster Data: Faint Galaxies at $z\sim 5-10$ for UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Reionization
• Accelerated Evolution of Ly$\alpha$ Luminosity Function at $\text{z}\gtrsim 7$ Revealed by the Subaru Ultra-Deep Survey for Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at $\text{z}=7.3$
• The Galaxy Luminosity Function during the Reionization Epoch
• Size--luminosity relations and UV luminosity functions at $z=6-9$ simultaneously derived from the complete Hubble Frontier Fields data
• The Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies Survey: Constraints on the Bright End of the z~8 Luminosity Function
• Scientific Discovery with the James Webb Space Telescope
• The Brightest Of Reionizing Galaxies Survey: Design and Preliminary Results
• Evolution of the Sizes of Galaxies over 7<z<12 Revealed by the 2012 Hubble Ultra Deep Field Campaign
• GOLDRUSH. II. Clustering of Galaxies at $z\sim 4-6$ Revealed with the Half-Million Dropouts Over the 100 deg${}^2$ Area Corresponding to 1 Gpc${}^3$
• Smoothly-Rising Star Formation Histories During the Reionization Epoch
• A physical model for the 0 < z < 8 redshift evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity and stellar mass functions
• The Luminosity Function at z~8 from 97 Y-band dropouts: Inferences About Reionization
• The sizes of $z\sim 6-8$ lensed galaxies from the Hubble Frontier Fields Abell 2744 data
• The size-luminosity relation at z=7 in CANDELS and its implication on reionization
• Expanded Search for z~10 Galaxies from HUDF09, ERS, and CANDELS Data: Evidence for Accelerated Evolution at z>8?
• Luminosity Evolution of Field Early-Type Galaxies to z=0.55
• The UDF05 Follow-up of the HUDF: I. The Faint-End Slope of the Lyman-Break Galaxy Population at z~5
• Beacons into the Cosmic Dark Ages: Boosted transmission of Ly$\alpha$ from UV bright galaxies at $z\gtrsim 7$
• Correcting the z~8 Galaxy Luminosity Function for Gravitational Lensing Magnification Bias
• SCORCH I: The Galaxy-Halo Connection in the First Billion Years
• Measurement of Galaxy Clustering at z~7.2 and the Evolution of Galaxy Bias from 3.8<z<8 in the XDF, GOODS-S AND GOODS-N
• Inferences on the distribution of Ly-alpha emission of z~7 and z~8 galaxies
• Non-parametric analysis of the rest-frame UV sizes and morphological disturbance amongst L* galaxies at 4<z<8
• Probing Very Bright End of Galaxy Luminosity Function at z >~ 7 Using Hubble Space Telescope Pure Parallel Observations
• T-PHOT version 2.0: improved algorithms for background subtraction, local convolution, kernel registration, and new options
• The Sizes of Candidate $z\sim 9-10$ Galaxies: confirmation of the bright CANDELS sample and relation with luminosity and mass
• Overdensities of Y-dropout Galaxies from the Brightest-of-Reionizing Galaxies Survey: A Candidate Protocluster at Redshift z~8
• Steep Faint-end Slopes of Galaxy Mass and Luminosity Functions at z>=6 and the Implications for Reionisation
• Extremely Small Sizes for Faint z~2-8 Galaxies in the Hubble Frontier Fields: A Key Input For Establishing their Volume Density and UV Emissivity
• Gamma-Ray-Burst Host Galaxy Surveys at Redshift z>4: Probes of Star Formation Rate and Cosmic Reionization
• A Candidate $z\sim 10$ Galaxy Strongly Lensed into a Spatially Resolved Arc
• Predictions for deep galaxy surveys with JWST from $\Lambda$CDM
• Quantifying the UV continuum slopes of galaxies to z~10 using deep Hubble and Spitzer/IRAC observations
• Bright galaxies at Hubble's redshift detection frontier: Preliminary results and design from the redshift z~9-10 BoRG pure-parallel HST survey
• HST imaging of the brightest z~8-9 galaxies from UltraVISTA: the extreme bright end of the UV luminosity function
• Milky Way Red Dwarfs in the BoRG Survey; Galactic scale-height and the distribution of dwarfs stars in WFC3 imaging
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: III. Testing photometric redshifts to 30th magnitude
• Galaxy formation in the PLANCK cosmology - III. The high-redshift universe
• Very Compact Dense Galaxy Overdensity with δ ~ 130 Identified at z ~ 8: Implications for Early Protocluster and Cluster-Core Formation
• Galaxy candidates at z ~ 10 in archival data from the Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies (BoRG[z8]) survey
• Characterization and modeling of contamination for Lyman break galaxy samples at high redshift
• HST followup observations of two bright z ~ 8 candidate galaxies from the BoRG pure-parallel survey
• Verifying the Identity of High-Redshift Massive Galaxies Through the Clustering of Lower Mass Galaxies Around Them
• Real or Interloper? The Redshift Likelihoods of z>8 Galaxies in the HUDF12
• The Cosmic Web Around The Brightest Galaxies During The Epoch Of Reionization
• GLACiAR, an open-source python tool for simulations of source recovery and completeness in galaxy surveys

Cited by in corpus (52)

• A Comprehensive Study on Galaxies at z~9-16 Found in the Early JWST Data: UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star-Formation History at the Pre-Reionization Epoch
• CEERS Key Paper I: An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST
• New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z~9 to z~2 show a remarkable consistency with halo growth and a constant star formation efficiency
• A Long Time Ago in a Galaxy Far, Far Away: A Candidate z ~ 12 Galaxy in Early JWST CEERS Imaging
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. III: Galaxy candidates at z$\sim$9-15
• Discovery and properties of ultra-high redshift galaxies ($9<z<12$) in the JWST ERO SMACS 0723 Field
• Galaxy Formation and Reionization: Key Unknowns and Expected Breakthroughs by the James Webb Space Telescope
• The brightest galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• A lack of evolution in the very bright-end of the galaxy luminosity function from z = 8-10
• Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey: Selection and Characterization of Luminous Interstellar Medium Reservoirs in the z>6.5 Universe
• RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from z~10 to z~6 using the Deepest Spitzer/IRAC Data: No Significant Evolution in the Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio of Galaxies in the First Gyr of Cosmic Time
• Evolution of the UV LF from z~15 to z~8 Using New JWST NIRCam Medium-Band Observations over the HUDF/XDF
• A Lower Bound of Star Formation Activity in Ultra-high Redshift Galaxies Detected with JWST: Implications for Stellar Populations and Radiation Sources
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XIX: A High Density of Bright Galaxies at $z\approx 10$ in the Abell 2744 Region
• A Census of the Bright z=8.5-11 Universe with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes in the CANDELS Fields
• The Brightest $z\gtrsim 8$ Galaxies over the COSMOS UltraVISTA Field
• A Search for H-Dropout Lyman Break Galaxies at z~12-16
• Feedback-Free Starbursts at Cosmic Dawn: Observable Predictions for JWST
• Newly Discovered Bright z~9-10 Galaxies and Improved Constraints on Their Prevalence Using the Full CANDELS Area
• Physical Characterization of Early Galaxies in the Webb's First Deep Field SMACS J0723.3-7323
• Probing the Bright End of the Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Luminosity Function at z = 8-10 with Hubble Pure-Parallel Imaging
• Early Results from GLASS-JWST. I: Confirmation of Lensed $z⩾7$ Lyman-Break Galaxies Behind the Abell 2744 Cluster With NIRISS
• Peering into cosmic reionization: the Ly$\alpha$ visibility evolution from galaxies at $z$ = 4.5-8.5 with JWST
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) IV: The size evolution of galaxies at $z\ge 5$
• Stellar Properties of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey
• The Physical Properties of Luminous $z\gtrsim 8$ Galaxies and Implications for the Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density From $\sim$0.35 deg${}^2$ of (Pure-)Parallel HST Observations
• The Super Eight Galaxies: Properties of a Sample of Very Bright Galaxies at $7<z<8$
• The Brightest Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from Scatter in the Galaxy Luminosity versus Halo Mass Relation
• SuperBoRG: Exploration of point sources at $z\sim 8$ in HST parallel fields
• COSMOS2020: UV selected galaxies at $z\ge 7.5$
• Prospects for distinguishing galaxy evolution models with surveys at redshifts $z\gtrsim 4$
• The Spitzer/IRAC Legacy over the GOODS Fields: Full-Depth 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0um Mosaics and Photometry for > 9000 Galaxies at z~3.5-10 from the GOODS Re-ionization Era wide-Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS)
• SuperBoRG: Search for The Brightest of Reionizing Galaxies and Quasars in HST Parallel Imaging Data
• The Assembly of Black Hole Mass and Luminosity Functions of High-redshift Quasars via Multiple Accretion Episodes
• The 300 pc resolution imaging of a z = 8.31 galaxy: Turbulent ionized gas and potential stellar feedback 600 million years after the Big Bang
• The UV luminosity functions of Bright z>8 Galaxies: Determination from ~0.41 deg2 of HST Observations along ~sim 300 independent sightlines
• Quasi-equilibrium models of high-redshift disc galaxy evolution
• Effects of self-consistent rest-ultraviolet colours in semi-empirical galaxy formation models
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers: The Galaxy-Halo Connection between $5\le z\le 10$
• The Cosmic Evolution of Fast Radio Bursts Inferred from the CHIME/FRB Baseband Catalog 1
• Deep Spitzer/IRAC Data for z~10 galaxies Reveal Blue Balmer Break Colors: Young Stellar Populations at ~500 Myr of Cosmic Time
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• The BoRG-$JWST$ Survey: Abundance and Mass-to-light Ratio of Luminous $z=7-9$ Galaxies from Independent Sight Lines with NIRSpec
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Star-formation efficiencies in high-redshift galaxies
• Unresolved z~8 point sources and their impact on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function
• Near-infrared characterization of ultra-diffuse galaxies in Abell 2744 by JWST/NIRISS imaging
• Default Parallels: The Science Potential Of JWST Parallel Observations During TSO Primary Observations
• A novel analysis of contamination in Lyman-break galaxy samples at $\mathbf{z}\sim 6-8$: spatial correlation with intermediate-redshift galaxies at $\mathbf{z}\sim 1.3-2$
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• A quantitative assessment of completeness correction methods and public release of a versatile simulation code
• The BUFFALO HST Survey