Reionization after Planck: The Derived Growth of the Cosmic Ionizing Emissivity now matches the Growth of the Galaxy UV Luminosity Density

Abstract

Thomson optical depth tau measurements from Planck provide new insights into the reionization of the universe. In pursuit of model-independent constraints on the properties of the ionising sources, we determine the empirical evolution of the cosmic ionizing emissivity. We use a simple two-parameter model to map out the evolution in the emissivity at z>~6 from the new Planck optical depth tau measurements, from the constraints provided by quasar absorption spectra and from the prevalence of Ly-alpha emission in z~7-8 galaxies. We find the redshift evolution in the emissivity dot{N}_{ion}(z) required by the observations to be d(log Nion)/dz=-0.15(-0.11)(+0.08), largely independent of the assumed clumping factor C_{HII} and entirely independent of the nature of the ionising sources. The trend in dot{N}_{ion}(z) is well-matched by the evolution of the galaxy UV-luminosity density (dlog_{10} rho_UV/dz=-0.11+/-0.04) to a magnitude limit >~-13 mag, suggesting that galaxies are the sources that drive the reionization of the universe. The role of galaxies is further strengthened by the conversion from the UV luminosity density rho_UV to dot(N)_{ion}(z) being possible for physically-plausible values of the escape fraction f_{esc}, the Lyman-continuum photon production efficiency xi_{ion}, and faint-end cut-off $M_{lim}$ to the luminosity function. Quasars/AGN appear to match neither the redshift evolution nor normalization of the ionizing emissivity. Based on the inferred evolution in the ionizing emissivity, we estimate that the z~10 UV-luminosity density is 8(-4)(+15)x lower than at $z~6, consistent with the observations. The present approach of contrasting the inferred evolution of the ionizing emissivity with that of the galaxy UV luminosity density adds to the growing observational evidence that faint, star-forming galaxies drive the reionization of the universe.

20 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, Astrophysical Journal, updated to match version in press, Figure 6 shows the main result of the paper

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• A CRASH simulation of the contribution of binary stars to the epoch of reionization
• The duration of reionization constrains the ionizing sources
• Linking UV spectral properties of MUSE Ly-alpha emitters at z>3 to Lyman continuum escape
• The Distortion of the Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum Due to Intergalactic Dust
• Blueberry galaxies up to 200 Mpc and their optical and infrared properties
• Radio properties of Green Pea galaxies
• ARTEMIS emulator: exploring the effect of cosmology and galaxy formation physics on Milky Way-mass haloes and their satellites
• Dark Cosmology: Investigating Dark Matter & Exotic Physics in the Dark Ages using the Redshifted 21-cm Global Spectrum
• J1046+4047: an extremely low-metallicity dwarf star-forming galaxy with O32 = 57
• Detecting galaxy-21-cm cross-correlation during reionization
• A Lunar Farside Low Radio Frequency Array for Dark Ages 21-cm Cosmology
• Dark Twilight Joined with the Light of Dawn to Unveil the Reionization History
• Reconstruction of Reionization History through Dispersion Measure of Fast Radio Bursts
• Investigating the Lyman photon escape in local starburst galaxies with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
• Candidate z ~ 2.5 Lyman Continuum Sources in the GOODS Fields
• UM462, a local green pea galaxy analogue under the MUSE magnifying glass
• KMTNet Nearby Galaxy Survey III. Deficient H$\alpha$ flux in the Extended Disks of Spiral Galaxies
• The Importance of Dust Distribution in Ionizing-photon Escape: NIRCam and MIRI Imaging of a Lyman Continuum-emitting Galaxy at z ~ 3.8
• Towards unveiling the Cosmic Reionization: the ionizing photon production efficiency (${\xi }_{ion}$) of Low-mass H$\alpha$ emitters at $z\sim 2.3$
• Inferring the Distribution of the Ionising Photon Escape Fraction
• Calibrating excursion set reionization models to approximately conserve ionizing photons
• Lyman continuum leakage versus quenching with the James Webb Space Telescope: The spectral signatures of quenched star formation activity in reionization-epoch galaxies
• H$\alpha$-based Star Formation Rates in and around z $\sim$ 0.5 EDisCS clusters
• Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation - XV. Stellar evolution and feedback in dwarf galaxies at high redshift
• Linear Polarization of the 21 cm Line from the Epoch of Reionization
• Spectroscopy of an extreme [OIII] emitting active galactic nucleus at $z=3.212$: implications for the reionisation era
• CEMPlifying reionization
• Multiple emission lines of H$\alpha$ emitters at $z\sim 2.3$ from the broad and medium-band photometry in the ZFOURGE Survey
• Can an Anti-de Sitter Vacuum in the Dark Energy Sector Explain JWST High-Redshift Galaxy and Reionization Observations?
• Dark matter model favoured by reionization data: 7 keV sterile neutrino vs cold dark matter
• Impact of the turnover in the high-z galaxy luminosity function on the 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization
• Assuming Ionization Equilibrium and the Impact on the Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Power Spectrum during the End of Reionization at $8\ge z\ge 5$
• The Epoch of Reionization in Warm Dark Matter Scenarios
• Global signal in the redshifted hydrogen 21-cm line from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn: Dependence on the nature of dark matter and modeling of first light
• Modelling LAEs in the Epoch of Reionization with OBELISK
• Astro2020 Science White Paper: First Stars and Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn with Redshifted 21-cm Observations
• Reionizing islands with inhomogeneous recombinations
• Near-IR narrow-band imaging with CIRCE at the Gran Telescopio Canarias: Searching for Ly$\alpha$-emitters at $z\sim 9.3$
• The Hydrogen Mixing Portal, Its Origins, and Its Cosmological Effects
• Gamma-Ray Absorption By The Cosmic Lyman Continuum From Star-forming Galaxies
• Lyman-$\alpha$ Emitting Galaxies (LAEs) at Cosmic Dawn: Implications and Predictions
• GRBs as Probes of the IGM
• Tracing obscured galaxy build-up at high redshift using deep radio surveys
• What can we learn about Reionization astrophysical parameters using Gaussian Process Regression?
• Signatures of inhomogeneous dark matter annihilation on 21-cm
• Mocking Faint Black Holes during Reionization
• REBELS-IFU: Spatially Resolved Ionizing Photon Production Efficiencies of 12 Bright Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• Systematic search for lensed X-ray sources in the CLASH fields
• The thermal history of the intergalactic medium at $3.9\le z\le 4.3$
• GLIMPSE-D: Metallicity Decline in Faint Galaxies: Implications for [O III]+Hb Luminosity Function and Reionisation Budget
• Impact of the cosmological expansion on spectral energy density of radiation in the intergalactic medium and once more about Olbers' paradox
• The haloes that reionized the Universe
• An Overview of Mobile Capacitive Touch Technologies Trends
• Does the Reionization Model Influence the Constraints on Dark Matter Decay or Annihilation?
• Galaxy Proximate Damped Lyman-Alpha Systems and HI Reionization Topology in TECHNICOLOR DAWN
• The Contribution of AGN Accretion Disks to Hydrogen Reionization
• Physics of star formation history and the luminosity function of galaxies therefrom
• A New Boundary Condition on Reionization
• Uncertainty-Aware Neural Networks for Fuzzy Dark Matter Model Selection from \texorpdfstring{$x_{\mathrm{HI}}$}{x_HI} Measurements
• Modelling intergalactic low ionisation metal absorption line systems near the epoch of reionization
• Lyman continuum observations across cosmic time: recent developments, future requirements