New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z~9 to z~2 show a remarkable consistency with halo growth and a constant star formation efficiency

Abstract

Here we provide the most comprehensive determinations of the rest-frame $UV$ LF available to date with HST at z~2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Essentially all of the non-cluster extragalactic legacy fields are utilized, including the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), the Hubble Frontier Field parallel fields, and all five CANDELS fields, for a total survey area of 1136 arcmin^2. Our determinations include galaxies at z~2-3 leveraging the deep HDUV, UVUDF, and ERS WFC3/UVIS observations available over a ~150 arcmin^2 area in the GOODS North and GOODS South regions. All together, our collective samples include >24,000 sources, >2.3x larger than previous selections with HST. 5766, 6332, 7240, 3449, 1066, 601, 246, and 33 sources are identified at z~2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. Combining our results with an earlier z~10 LF determination by Oesch+2018a, we quantify the evolution of the $UV$ LF. Our results indicate that there is (1) a smooth flattening of the faint-end slope alpha from alpha~-2.4 at z~10 to -1.5 at z~2, (2) minimal evolution in the characteristic luminosity M* at z>~2.5, and (3) a monotonic increase in the normalization log_10 phi* from z~10 to z~2, which can be well described by a simple second-order polynomial, consistent with an "accelerated" evolution scenario. We find that each of these trends (from z~10 to z~2.5 at least) can be readily explained on the basis of the evolution of the halo mass function and a simple constant star formation efficiency model.

arXiv comment18 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, in submission to ApJ, figures 9 and 10 show the main result

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• Explanation of high redshift luminous galaxies from JWST by early dark energy model
• The Impact of Cosmic Variance on Inferences of Global Neutral Fraction Derived from Ly$\alpha$ Luminosity Functions During Reionization
• Mapping reionization bubbles in the JWST era I: empirical edge detection with Lyman alpha emission from galaxies
• Evolution of CIV Absorbers. II. Where does CIV live?
• Feedback and dynamical masses in high-$z$ galaxies: the advent of high-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy
• The impact of medium-width bands on the selection, and subsequent luminosity function measurements, of high-z galaxies
• JADES reveals a large population of low mass black holes at high redshift
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• Non-parametric Reconstruction of Photon Escape Fraction from Reionization
• A fast method of reionization parameter space exploration using GPR trained SCRIPT
• The impact of faint AGN discovered by JWST on reionization
• Thermal and Reionisation History within a Large-Volume Semi-Analytic Galaxy Formation Simulation
• Exploring Cosmic Dawn with PANORAMIC I: The Bright End of the UVLF at $z\sim 9-17$
• The BoRG-$JWST$ Survey: Abundance and Mass-to-light Ratio of Luminous $z=7-9$ Galaxies from Independent Sight Lines with NIRSpec
• A Framework for Simultaneously Measuring Field Densities and the High-z Luminosity Function
• JADES Data Release 4 Paper I: Sample Selection, Observing Strategy and Redshifts of the complete spectroscopic sample
• Starlight from JWST: Implications for star formation and dark matter models
• The ionizing photon production efficiency of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 4-10$
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Star-formation efficiencies in high-redshift galaxies
• Probing patchy reionisation with JWST: IGM opacity constraints from the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest of galaxies in legacy extragalactic fields
• Detecting galaxy-21-cm cross-correlation during reionization
• Gravitational lensing modification of the high redshift galaxy luminosity function
• Probing Reionization-Era Galaxies with JWST UV Luminosity Functions and Large-Scale Clustering
• Unresolved z~8 point sources and their impact on the bright end of the galaxy luminosity function
• Calibrating excursion set reionization models to approximately conserve ionizing photons
• Photometric IGM Tomography: Efficiently Mapping Quasar Light Echoes with Deep Narrow Band Imaging
• Photometric IGM tomography with Subaru/HSC: the large-scale structure of Ly$\alpha$ emitters and IGM transmission in the COSMOS field at $z\sim 5$
• Can an Anti-de Sitter Vacuum in the Dark Energy Sector Explain JWST High-Redshift Galaxy and Reionization Observations?
• Observing EAGLE galaxies with JWST: predictions for Milky Way progenitors and their building blocks
• Matching JWST UV Luminosity Functions with Refined $\Lambda$CDM Halo Models
• Galaxy formation from a timescale perspective
• Can Dark Stars account for the star formation efficiency excess at very high redshifts?
• The Epoch of Reionization in Warm Dark Matter Scenarios
• Assuming Ionization Equilibrium and the Impact on the Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Power Spectrum during the End of Reionization at $8\ge z\ge 5$
• Comparison of Bayesian inference methods using the Loreli II database of hydro-radiative simulations of the 21-cm signal
• Model-independent Reconstruction of UV Luminosity Function and Reionization Epoch
• Narrowing the discovery space of the cosmological 21-cm signal using multi-wavelength constraints
• The impact of cosmic ray feedback during the epoch of reionisation
• GOLDRUSH. IV. Luminosity Functions and Clustering Revealed with ~4,000,000 Galaxies at z~2-7: Galaxy-AGN Transition, Star Formation Efficiency, and Implication for Evolution at z>10
• JWSTs PEARLS: NIRCam imaging and NIRISS spectroscopy of a $z=3.6$ star-forming galaxy lensed into a near-Einstein Ring by a $z=1.258$ massive elliptical galaxy
• Dust-UV offsets in high-redshift galaxies in the Cosmic Dawn III simulation
• Fisher matrix forecasts on the astrophysics of galaxies during the epoch of reionisation from the 21-cm power spectra
• Relatively Fast and Reasonably Furious: Evidence for Increased Burstiness in Smaller Halos at Cosmic Dawn
• Deeper detection limits in astronomical imaging using self-supervised spatiotemporal denoising
• Astrophysical uncertainties challenge 21-cm forecasts: A primordial black hole case study
• What can we learn about Reionization astrophysical parameters using Gaussian Process Regression?
• Do JWST reionization (optical depth) puzzle, cosmological tensions, and CMB anomalies imply Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum?
• Constraints on the galaxy formation models during epoch of reionization with high redshift observations
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background
• Tracing ionized gas kinematics in Lyman-Break Analogs. Implications for star formation compactness and outflow properties
• Quantifying Lyman-$\alpha$ emissions from reionization fronts
• The effect of helium reionization on the Lyman-alpha forest hydrogen flux statistics
• The Synchrony of Production & Escape: Half the Bright Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at $z\approx 2$ have Lyman Continuum Escape Fractions $\approx 50\%$
• A novel analysis of contamination in Lyman-break galaxy samples at $\mathbf{z}\sim 6-8$: spatial correlation with intermediate-redshift galaxies at $\mathbf{z}\sim 1.3-2$
• Deep JWST spectroscopy of galaxies in a candidate ionized bubble at $z=8.7$: probing reionization at pMpc scales with Ly$\alpha$ emission
• Rise of the forsaken relics: connecting present-day stellar streams and phase-mixed galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization
• How far have metals reached? Reconciling statistical constraints and enrichment models at reionization
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) III: The properties of massive dusty galaxies at cosmic dawn
• Evolution of the infrared luminosity function and its corresponding dust-obscured star formation rate density out to z~6
• Exotic Image Formation in Strong Gravitational Lensing by Clusters of Galaxies -- III: Statistics with HUDF
• Low-luminosity galaxies in the early universe have observed sizes similar to star cluster complexes
• Mapping neutral islands during end stages of reionization with photometric intergalactic medium tomography
• Little Red Dots as Hidden Neutrino Sources
• Extreme equivalent width-selected low-mass starbursts at $z=4-9$: insights into their role in cosmic reionization
• Euclid: Discovery of bright $z\simeq 7$ Lyman-break galaxies in UltraVISTA and Euclid COSMOS
• The galaxy starburst/main-sequence bimodality over five decades in stellar mass at z ~ 3-6.5
• Nearest Neighbour-Based Statistics for 21cm-Galaxy Cross-Correlations in the Epoch of Reionization
• Black Hole merger rates in the first billion years in light of JWST data
• Out of oxygen: Extremely metal-poor galaxy candidates identified at $2.5<z<6.5$ with deep JADES medium-band imaging
• POLAR-II: modeling star formation history of galaxies on the 21-cm signal from Epoch of Reionization
• A quantitative assessment of completeness correction methods and public release of a versatile simulation code
• Bayesian luminosity function estimation in multi-depth datasets with selection effects: A case study for $3<z<5$ Lyman $\alpha$ emitters
• Probing power spectrum enhancement at small scales with the SKA
• The Baryon Budget of Galaxies across the First Billion Years
• Luminosity Function of Galaxies in Voids: A Modification Inspired by Excursion Set Theory
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• Magnification bias reveals severe contamination in Hubble Frontier Field photo-z catalogs
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
• Discovering Supernovae at Epoch of Reionization with Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• A joint measurement of galaxy luminosity functions and large-scale field densities during the Epoch of Reionization