The impact of cosmic ray feedback during the epoch of reionisation

Abstract

Galaxies form and evolve via a multitude of complex physics. In this work, we investigate the role of cosmic ray (CR) feedback in galaxy evolution and reionisation, by examining its impact on the escape of ionising radiation from galaxies. For this purpose, we present two Sphinx cosmological radiation-magneto-hydrodynamics simulations, allowing for the first time a study of the impact of CR feedback on thousands of resolved galaxies during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). The simulations differ in their feedback prescriptions: one adopts a calibrated strong supernova (SN) feedback, while the other simulation reduces the strength of SN feedback and includes CR feedback instead. We show that both comparably regulate star formation, reasonably match observations of high-redshift UV luminosity functions, and produce a similar amount of hydrogen ionising photons. In contrast to the model with strong SN feedback, the model with CRs lead to incomplete reionisation, which is in strong disagreement with observational estimates of the reionisation history. This is due to CR feedback shaping the ISM differently, filling with gas the low density cavities otherwise carved by SN explosions. As a result, this reduces the escape of ionising photons, at any halo mass, and primarily in the close vicinity of the stars. Our study indicates that CR feedback regulates galaxy growth during the EoR, but negatively affects reionisation, a tension which paves the way for further exploration and refinement of existing galaxy formation and feedback models. Such improvements are crucial in order to capture and understand the process of reionisation and the underlying evolution of galaxies through cosmic time.

References in corpus (72)

• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
• Galactic chemical evolution: Carbon through Zinc
• Incremental Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• A Comprehensive Study on Galaxies at z~9-16 Found in the Early JWST Data: UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star-Formation History at the Pre-Reionization Epoch
• A High Order Godunov Scheme with Constrained Transport and Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Astrophysical MHD
• Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at $z\approx 10-12$ Revealed by JWST
• New Determinations of the UV Luminosity Functions from z~9 to z~2 show a remarkable consistency with halo growth and a constant star formation efficiency
• Escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization: effects due to supernova feedback and runaway OB stars
• Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with A Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction
• Feedback Heating by Cosmic Rays in Clusters of Galaxies
• Global cosmic-ray related luminosity and energy budget of the Milky Way
• Building Merger Trees from Cosmological N-body Simulations
• Inferences on the Timeline of Reionization at z~8 From the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey
• Introducing the THESAN project: radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the epoch of reionization
• The brightest galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
• The First Billion Years Project: The escape fraction of ionizing photons in the epoch of reionization
• A scheme for radiation pressure and photon diffusion with the M1 closure in RAMSES-RT
• Cosmic ray feedback in hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation
• The Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey I: New, Diverse Local Lyman-Continuum Emitters
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers I. Design and Calibration of Simulations
• Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from z~10 to z~6 using the Deepest Spitzer/IRAC Data: No Significant Evolution in the Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio of Galaxies in the First Gyr of Cosmic Time
• Most of the photons that reionized the Universe came from dwarf galaxies
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) I: Environmental Dependence of High-Redshift Galaxy Evolution
• Kinematic Dynamos using Constrained Transport with High Order Godunov Schemes and Adaptive Mesh Refinement
• Reionization with galaxies and active galactic nuclei
• Understanding the escape of LyC and Ly$\alpha$ photons from turbulent clouds
• The origin of the escape of Lyman alpha and ionizing photons in Lyman Continuum Emitters
• LyC escape from SPHINX galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• The Obelisk simulation: galaxies contribute more than AGN to HI reionization of protoclusters
• Snap, Crackle, Pop: sub-grid supernova feedback in AMR simulations of disk galaxies
• The Low-Redshift Lyman Continuum Survey. Unveiling the ISM properties of low-$z$ Lyman continuum emitters
• (Nearly) Model-Independent Constraints on the Neutral Hydrogen Fraction in the Intergalactic Medium at $z\sim 5-7$ Using Dark Pixel Fractions in Ly$\alpha$ and Ly$\beta$ Forests
• A Monte Carlo simulation of the intergalactic absorption and the detectability of the Lyman continuum from distant galaxies
• The dependence of cosmic ray driven galactic winds on halo mass
• The Star Formation Burstiness and Ionizing Efficiency of Low-mass Galaxies
• AGN feedback in dwarf galaxies?
• The THESAN project: ionizing escape fractions of reionization-era galaxies
• Chasing the Tail of Cosmic Reionization with Dark Gap Statistics in the Ly$\alpha$ Forest over $5<z<6$
• Cosmic ray feedback from supernovae in dwarf galaxies
• RASCAS: RAdiation SCattering in Astrophysical Simulations
• (Re)Solving Reionization with Lyα: How Bright Lyα Emitters account for the $z\approx 2-8$ Cosmic Ionizing Background
• Effects of Different Cosmic Ray Transport Models on Galaxy Formation
• Minor Contribution of Quasars to Ionizing Photon Budget at z~6: Update on Quasar Luminosity Function at the Faint-end with Subaru/Suprime-Cam
• Cosmic ray production in superbubbles
• The Effect of Galactic Properties on the Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons
• The contribution from stars stripped in binaries to cosmic reionization of hydrogen and helium
• Lyman-$\alpha$ as a tracer of cosmic reionisation in the SPHINX radiation-hydrodynamics cosmological simulation
• Introducing SPHINX-MHD: The Impact of Primordial Magnetic Fields on the First Galaxies, Reionization, and the Global 21cm Signal
• How primordial magnetic fields shrink galaxies
• First Predicted Cosmic Ray Spectra, Primary-to-Secondary Ratios, and Ionization Rates from MHD Galaxy Formation Simulations
• Introducing TIGRESS-NCR: I. Co-Regulation of the Multiphase Interstellar Medium and Star Formation Rates
• Cosmic-Ray Diffusion Suppression in Star-forming Regions Inhibits Clump Formation in Gas-rich Galaxies
• Galactic ionising photon budget during the Epoch of Reionisation in the Cosmic Dawn II simulation
• Radiation-MagnetoHydrodynamics simulations of cosmic ray feedback in disc galaxies
• Large scale simulations of H and He reionization and heating driven by stars and more energetic sources
• The combined effect of AGN and supernovae feedback in launching massive molecular outflows in high-redshift galaxies
• A systematic study of the escape of LyC and Ly$\alpha$ photons from star-forming, magnetized turbulent clouds
• The connection between galactic outflows and the escape of ionizing photons
• Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction in Ly$\alpha$ Emitters at $z\simeq 3.1$
• The Pandora project. I: the impact of radiation and cosmic rays on baryonic and dark matter properties of dwarf galaxies
• Uncertainties in supernova input rates drive qualitative differences in simulations of galaxy evolution
• SPICE: the connection between cosmic reionisation and stellar feedback in the first galaxies
• UNCOVERing the contribution of black holes to reionization in the JWST era
• Galaxies with grains: unraveling dust evolution and extinction curves with hydrodynamical simulations
• Physics of Prodigious Lyman Continuum Leakers
• IGM Transmission Bias for $z$ $\ge$ 2.9 Lyman Continuum Detected Galaxies
• DUSTiER (DUST in the Epoch of Reionization): dusty galaxies in cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization with RAMSES-CUDATON
• Outside the Lyman-break box: detecting Lyman continuum emitters at $3.5<z<5.1$ with CLAUDS
• Why are thermally- and cosmic ray-driven galactic winds fundamentally different?
• Cosmic rays from massive star clusters : A close look at Westerlund 1
• Impact of star formation models on the growth of simulated galaxies at high redshifts

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Cosmic-ray transport in inhomogeneous media