Reevaluating Old Stellar Populations

Abstract

Determining the properties of old stellar populations (those with age >1 Gyr) has long involved the comparison of their integrated light, either in the form of photometry or spectroscopic indexes, with empirical or synthetic templates. Here we reevaluate the properties of old stellar populations using a new set of stellar population synthesis models, designed to incorporate the effects of binary stellar evolution pathways as a function of stellar mass and age. We find that single-aged stellar population models incorporating binary stars, as well as new stellar evolution and atmosphere models, can reproduce the colours and spectral indices observed in both globular clusters and quiescent galaxies. The best fitting model populations are often younger than those derived from older spectral synthesis models, and may also lie at slightly higher metallicities.

20 pages. MNRAS (in press). Paper accompanies v2.2 release of the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) models at http://bpass.auckland.ac.nz or http://warwick.ac.uk/bpass

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• Towards unveiling the Cosmic Reionization: the ionizing photon production efficiency (${\xi }_{ion}$) of Low-mass H$\alpha$ emitters at $z\sim 2.3$
• The JWST/AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. I. A Diversity of Nebular Attenuation Curves and Evidence for Non-Unity Dust Covering Fractions
• Photometric IGM tomography with Subaru/HSC: the large-scale structure of Ly$\alpha$ emitters and IGM transmission in the COSMOS field at $z\sim 5$
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Modelling ALMA and JWST lines to constrain the interstellar medium of $z\sim 5$ galaxies
• Multiple emission lines of H$\alpha$ emitters at $z\sim 2.3$ from the broad and medium-band photometry in the ZFOURGE Survey
• Unveiling dust, molecular gas, and high star formation efficiency in extremely UV bright star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2.1-3.6$
• Cloudy-Maraston: Integrating nebular continuum and line emission with the Maraston stellar population synthesis models
• Binary stellar evolution yields in galactic chemical evolution calculations
• Radiation-driven dusty outflows from early galaxies
• GRB 241105A: A test case for GRB classification and rapid r-process nucleosynthesis channels
• pop-cosmos: Insights from generative modeling of a deep, infrared-selected galaxy population
• The evolution of accretor stars in binary systems due to accretion of increasingly helium-rich material
• Modelling LAEs in the Epoch of Reionization with OBELISK
• Kinematic scaling relations of disc galaxies from ionised gas at $z\sim 1$ and their connection with dark matter haloes
• X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity. XIII. Putting the bi-stability jump to the test in the LMC
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XVI: Size Evolution of Massive Dusty Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from UV to IR
• New Field OB and OBe Binaries of the SMC Wing: Observational Properties and Population Modeling
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Bayesian inference of natal kicks from inert black hole binaries
• Massive stars dying alone: the remote environment of SN 2010jp and its associated late-time source
• KBSS-InCLOSE I: Design and First Results from the Inner CGM of QSO Line Of Sight Emitting Galaxies at z~2-3
• Relation between spectral indices and binary fractions in GCs
• Thorne-Żytkow Objects
• The impact of cosmic ray feedback during the epoch of reionisation
• Extended Enriched Gas in a Multi-Galaxy Merger at Redshift 6.7
• JWSTs PEARLS: NIRCam imaging and NIRISS spectroscopy of a $z=3.6$ star-forming galaxy lensed into a near-Einstein Ring by a $z=1.258$ massive elliptical galaxy
• Binary neutron star merger offsets from their host galaxies II. Short-duration gamma-ray bursts
• The JWST Emission Line Survey (JELS): The sizes and merger fraction of star-forming galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization
• Cloudy with a chance of starshine: Possible photometric signatures of nebular-dominated emission in $1.5<z<8.5$ JADES galaxies
• The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. X: Formation and Evolution of Galaxies at the High-redshift Frontier
• Shedding the envelope: JWST reveals a kiloparsec-scale [OIII]-weak Balmer shell around a z=7.64 quasar
• The diverse quenching pathways of post-starburst galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA
• Reconstructing EUV spectrum of star forming regions from millimeter recombination lines of HI, HeI, and HeII
• The Diversity of Environments Around Luminous Quasars at Redshift $z\sim 6$
• Evaluating the gravitational wave detectability of globular clusters and the Magellanic Clouds for LISA
• The Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Nuclear Star Cluster: Looking Below the Tip of the Iceberg and Comparisons with Extragalactic Nuclei
• Comparing population synthesis models of compact double white dwarfs to electromagnetic observations
• Constraints on the galaxy formation models during epoch of reionization with high redshift observations
• MUSE IFU observations of galaxies hosting Tidal Disruption Events
• SIGAME v3: Gas Fragmentation in Post-processing of Cosmological Simulations for More Accurate Infrared Line Emission Modeling
• MARTA: The connection between chemical enrichment, feedback, and dust in a Wolf-Rayet galaxy at z$\sim$2
• Population Synthesis of Gravitational Wave Sources
• MIRACLE II: Unveiling the multi-phase gas interplay in the circumnuclear region of NGC 1365 via multi-cloud modeling
• The THESAN project: environmental drivers of Local Group reionization
• CECILIA: Ultra-Deep Rest-Optical Spectra of Faint Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• Compact object populations over cosmic time I. BOSSA: a Binary Object environment-Sensitive Sampling Algorithm
• MIRI spectrophotometry of GN-z11: Detection and nature of an optical red continuum component
• Investigation of [KSF2015] 1381-19L, a WC9-type star in the high extinction Galactic region
• A Multiwavelength Classification and Study of Red Supergiant Candidates in NGC 6946
• REBELS-IFU: Spatially Resolved Ionizing Photon Production Efficiencies of 12 Bright Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• ARCHITECTS I: Impact of subgrid physics on the simulated properties of the circumgalactic medium
• Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
• VENUS: Strong-lensing model of MACS J1931.8-2635 -- revealing the farthest multiply imaged supernova
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) III: The properties of massive dusty galaxies at cosmic dawn
• Tracing nitrogen enrichment across cosmic time with JWST
• Flexible Simulation Based Inference for Galaxy Photometric Fitting with Synthesizer
• Galaxy evolution through infrared and submillimeter spectroscopy: Measuring star formation and black hole accretion with JWST and ALMA
• WR 63: A multiple system (O+O)+WR ?
• Interpreting Galaxy Properties with Improved Modelling
• Mass Transfer as an Explanation for the Lifetime-Travel Time Discrepancy in IT Librae
• A low mass, binary-stripped envelope for the Type IIb SN 2024abfo
• The AURORA Survey: Tracing Galactic Outflows at $z\gtrsim 2.5$ with JWST/NIRSpec NUV Absorption Lines
• EPIC 206197016: A very hot white dwarf orbited by a strongly irradiated red dwarf
• Two categories of UV-upturn galaxies revealed by semi-analytic models
• Gravitational wave energy spectral density properties from BPASS Galactic binary population in the Milky Way galaxy
• Intergalactic Medium Tomography with the Sunburst Arc
• The importance of the way in which supernova energy is distributed around young stellar populations in simulations of galaxies
• Locating Red Supergiants in the Galaxy NGC 6822
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• Discovery of young, oxygen-rich supernova remnants in PHANGS-MUSE galaxies
• From simulations to observations. Methodology and data release of mock TNG50 galaxies at 0.3 < z < 0.7 for WEAVE-StePS
• Resolving white dwarf binaries within globular clusters with LISA
• Estimating Transient Rates from Cosmological Simulations and BPASS
• A nuclear disc at Cosmic Noon: evidence of early bar-driven galaxy evolution
• Out of oxygen: Extremely metal-poor galaxy candidates identified at $2.5<z<6.5$ with deep JADES medium-band imaging
• Direct detections of white dwarfs in four WD+dM post-common envelope binaries within 20 pc
• Implications of the cosmological 21-cm absorption profile for high-redshift star formation and deep JWST surveys
• The Nature of High-Redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies -- Searching for RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 in FLARES
• Deciphering the gamma-ray emission in the Cygnus region
• Infrared view of the multiphase ISM in NGC 253 II. Modelling the ionised and neutral atomic gas
• Supernovae in colliding-wind binaries: observational signatures in the first year
• POLAR-II: modeling star formation history of galaxies on the 21-cm signal from Epoch of Reionization