Population Synthesis in the Blue IV: Accurate Model Predictions for Lick Indices and UBV Colors in Single Stellar Populations

Abstract

[Abridged] We present new model predictions for 16 Lick absorption line indices from Hdelta through Fe5335, and UBV colors for single stellar populations (SPs) with ages ranging between 1 and 15 Gyr, [Fe/H] ranging from -1.3 to +0.3, and variable abundance ratios. We develop a method to estimate mean ages and abundances of Fe, C, N, Mg, and Ca that explores the sensitivity of the various indices to those parameters. When applied to high-S/N Galactic cluster data, the models match the clusters' elemental abundances and ages with high precision. Analyzing stacked SDSS spectra of early-type galaxies brighter than Lstar, we find mean luminosity-weighted ages of the order of ~ 8 Gyr and iron abundances slightly below solar. Abundance ratios, [X/Fe], are higher than solar, and correlate positively with galaxy luminosity. Nitrogen is the element whose abundance correlates the most strongly with luminosity, which seems to indicate secondary enrichment. This result may impose a lower limit of 50-200 Myr to the time-scale of star formation in early-type galaxies. Unlike in the case of clusters, in galaxies bluer Balmer lines yield younger ages than Hbeta. This age discrepancy is stronger for lower luminosity galaxies. We examine four scenarios to explain this trend. The most likely is the presence of small amounts of a young/intermediate-age SP component. Two-component models provide a better match to the data when the mass fraction of the young component is a few %. This result implies that star formation has been extended in early-type galaxies, and more so in less massive galaxies, lending support to the ``downsizing'' scenario. It also implies that SP synthesis models are capable of constraining not only the mean ages of SPs in galaxies, but also their age spread.

arXiv commentTo appear in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 55 Pages, using emulateapj5.sty. Full version, containing all (enlarged) figures can be found at http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~rps7v/Models/ms.pdf . A number of useful tables in the Appendix can be obtained in advance of publication by request to the author

References in corpus (106)

• First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of Cosmological Parameters
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Evolutionary tracks and isochrones for low- and intermediate-mass stars: from 0.15 to 7 M_sun, and from Z=0.0004 to 0.03
• The epochs of early-type galaxy formation as a function of environment
• New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution from Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields
• A large stellar evolution database for population synthesis studies. I. Scaled solar models and isochrones
• The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
• The Cosmic Baryon Budget
• Galactic Chemical Evolution: Hydrogen Through Zinc
• Towards Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The Y^2 Isochrones for Solar Mixture
• Stellar population models of Lick indices with variable element abundance ratios
• Extragalactic Globular Clusters and Galaxy Formation
• The Chemical Compositions of Galactic Disk F and G Dwarfs
• The Stellar Population Histories of Early-Type Galaxies. II. Controlling Parameters of the Stellar Populations
• Old Stellar Populations. VI. Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxy Nuclei and Globular Clusters
• The Stellar Population Histories of Local Early-Type Galaxies. I. Population Parameters
• The Luminosity Function of Galaxies in SDSS Commissioning Data
• The Indo-U.S. Library of Coude Feed Stellar Spectra
• A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis: II. The M dwarf extension
• Database of Geneva stellar evolution tracks and isochrones for UBVRIJHKLL'M, HST-WFPC2, Geneva and Washington photometric systems
• Science Objectives and Early Results of the DEEP2 Redshift Survey
• STELIB: a library of stellar spectra at R~2000
• Ages and metallicities of early-type galaxies in the SDSS: new insight into the physical origin of the colour-magnitude and the Mg2-sigmaV relations
• The YY Isochrones for alpha-element Enhanced Mixtures
• Evolutionary synthesis of galaxies at high spectral resolution with the code PEGASE-HR
• Abundances for metal-poor stars with accurate parallaxes I. Basic data
• The Distribution Of Heavy Elements In Spiral And Elliptical Galaxies
• On the Origin of [OII] Emission in Red Sequence and Post-starburst Galaxies
• The K20 survey. I. Disentangling old and dusty star-forming galaxies in the ERO population
• Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen evolution in galaxies
• NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey -- II. Age and Metallicity along the Red Sequence
• HST color-magnitude diagrams of 74 galactic globular clusters in the HST F439W and F555W bands
• Higher-order Balmer line indices in alpha/Fe-enhanced stellar population models
• The Gemini Deep Deep Survey: I. Introduction to the Survey, Catalogs and Composite Spectra
• Homogeneous age dating of 55 Galactic globular clusters. Clues to the Galaxy formation mechanisms
• A catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations : 1996 edition
• The Ages and Abundances of the M87 Globular Clusters
• A new chemo-evolutionary population synthesis model for early-type galaxies. II: Observations and Results
• Colors, magnitudes and velocity dispersions in early-type galaxies: Implications for galaxy ages and metallicities
• Star formation histories of early-type galaxies. I: Higher order Balmer lines as age indicators
• A comparison of stellar populations in galaxy populations across a wide range of Hubble types
• Strong Balmer lines in old stellar populations: No need for young ages in ellipticals?
• Abundances of C, N, O in slightly evolved stars in the globular clusters NGC 6397, NGC 6752 and 47 Tuc
• Direct N-body Modelling of Stellar Populations: Blue Stragglers in M67
• A Library of Integrated Spectra of Galactic Globular Clusters
• The sensitivity of Lick indices to abundance variations
• Abundance Analysis of Turn-Off and Early Subgiant Stars in the Globular Cluster 47 Tuc (NGC 104)
• Stellar populations of early-type galaxies in different environments I. Line-strength indices
• A Robust Method for the Analysis of Integrated Spectra from Globular Clusters using Lick Indices
• New Clues on the Calcium Underabundance in Early-Type Galaxies
• C and N Abundances in Stars At the Base of the Red Giant Branch in M5
• Average spectra of massive galaxies in the SDSS
• A Spectroscopic Survey of the Galaxy Cluster CL 1358+62 at z=0.328
• Chemical Evolution of the Galactic Bulge as Derived from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of K and M Red Giants
• Integrated Spectroscopy of Bulge Globular Clusters and Fields I. The Data Base and Comparison of Individual Lick Indices in Clusters and Bulge
• Galactic Evolution of Nitrogen
• Abundances in Stars from the Red Giant Branch Tip to Near the Main Sequence Turn Off in M5
• Integrated Spectroscopy of Bulge Globular Clusters and Fields. II. Implications for stellar population models and elliptical galaxies
• An abundance analysis for four Red Horizontal Branch Stars in the extremely metal rich globular cluster NGC 6528
• The Identification of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars in the Integrated Spectra of Globular Clusters
• The H Beta Index as an Age Indicator of Old Stellar Systems: The Effects of Horizontal-Branch Stars
• An Abundance Analysis for Five Red Horizontal Branch Stars in the Extremely Metal Rich Globular Cluster NGC 6553
• On-line determination of stellar atmospheric parameters Teff, log g, [Fe/H] from ELODIE echelle spectra. II - The library of F5 to K7 stars
• The Chemical Properties of Milky Way and M31 Globular Clusters: I. A Comparative Study
• Empirical calibration of the near-IR Ca II triplet - III. Fitting functions
• Synthetic stellar populations: single stellar populations, stellar interior models and primordial proto-galaxies
• The puzzlingly small CaII triplet absorption in elliptical galaxies
• On the C and N Abundances of 47 Tucanae Main Sequence Stars
• The Ages and Abundances of a Sample of Globular Clusters in M49 (NGC 4472)
• Group, field and isolated early-type galaxies II. Global trends from nuclear data
• Group, field and isolated early-type galaxies I. Observations and nuclear data
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Mean Ages and Metallicities of Red Field Galaxies at z ~ 0.9 from Stacked Keck/DEIMOS Spectra
• The Metal Content of the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6528
• The origin of nitrogen: Implications of recent measurements of N/O in Galactic metal-poor stars
• alpha-Enhanced Integrated Lick/IDS Spectral Indices and Milky Way and M31 Globular Clusters and Early-type Galaxies
• Homogeneous photometry and metal abundances for a large sample of Hipparcos metal-poor stars
• The Hot Stars of Old Open Clusters: M67, NGC 188 and NGC6791
• Spectroscopy of Blue Stragglers and Turnoff Stars in M67 (NGC 2682)
• Oxygen Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars
• Globular Cluster and Galaxy Formation: M31, the Milky Way and Implications for Globular Cluster Systems of Spiral Galaxies
• The Ages of Starbursts in Post-Starburst Galaxies
• Nitrogen abundances in Planet-harbouring stars
• Population Synthesis in the Blue II. The Spectroscopic Age of 47 Tucanae
• Evidence for An Intermediate-Age, Metal-rich Population of Globular Clusters in NGC 4365
• A new, cleaner colour-magnitude diagram for the metal-rich globular cluster NGC 6528 - Velocity dispersion in the Bulge, age and proper motion of NGC 6528
• Line Strengths in Early-Type Cluster Galaxies at z=0.33: Implications for alpha/Fe, Nitrogen and the Histories of E/S0s
• Grids of stellar models. VIII. From 0.4 to 1.0 Msun at Z=0.020 and Z=0.001, with the MHD equation of state
• The Chemical Properties of Milky Way and M31 Globular Clusters: II. Stellar Population Model Predictions
• Hot Stars in Old Stellar Populations: A Continuing Need for Intermediate Ages
• Nearby early-type galaxies with ionized gas.I. Line-strength indices of the underlying stellar population
• High resolution infrared spectra of NGC 6342 and NGC 6528: two moderately reddened Bulge Globular Clusters
• The Evolution of Balmer Absorption Line Strengths in E/S0 Galaxies from z=0 to z=0.83
• HST NICMOS Photometry of the reddened bulge globular clusters NGC 6528, Terzan 5, Liller 1, UKS 1 and Terzan 4
• The Spectroscopic Age of 47 Tuc
• Ages, metallicities and $\alpha$-element enhancement for galaxies in Hickson compact groups
• Near-infrared Spectral Features in Single-aged Stellar Populations
• Population Synthesis in the Blue I. Synthesis of the Integrated Spectrum of 47 Tucanae from its Color-Magnitude Diagram
• The Temperature Scale of Metal-Rich M Giants Based on TiO Bands: Population Synthesis in the Near Infrared
• Low and intermediate mass star yields.II: The evolution of nitrogen abundances
• A New Definition for the Ca4227 Feature: Is Calcium Really Underabundant in Early-type Galaxies?
• The Metal-rich Globular Cluster NGC6553: Observations with WFPC2, STIS, and NICMOS
• Nitrogen Overabundance: Globular Cluster and Halo Formation
• Subgiants as probes of galactic chemical evolution
• Abundance Ratios in the Galactic Bulge and Super Metal-Rich Type II Nucle osynthesis
• Tracing the Dynamical History of the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae
• Analysing Globular Cluster observations - Models and Analysis Tools for Lick/IDS indices

Cited by in corpus (256)

• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling I: The relevance of uncertain aspects of stellar evolution and the IMF to the derived physical properties of galaxies
• The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)
• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling III: model calibration, comparison, and evaluation
• Galaxy Luminosity Functions to z~1: DEEP2 vs. COMBO-17 and Implications for Red Galaxy Formation
• Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies
• Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis Version 2.1: construction, observational verification and new results
• Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis with MILES. Part I: The Base Models and a New Line Index System
• De Re Metallica: The cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies
• Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters
• Age-dating Luminous Red Galaxies observed with the Southern African Large Telescope
• Reevaluating Old Stellar Populations
• UV-extended E-MILES stellar population models: young components in massive early-type galaxies
• Deriving Physical Properties from Broadband Photometry with Prospector: Description of the Model and a Demonstration of its Accuracy Using 129 Galaxies in the Local Universe
• The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies From Absorption Line Spectroscopy. II. Results
• The Atlas3D Project - XXX. Star formation histories and stellar population scaling relations of early-type galaxies
• Nuclear Star Clusters
• Evolutionary stellar population synthesis with MILES - II. Scaled-solar and α-enhanced models
• Stellar population models at high spectral resolution
• The SAURON project - XVII. Stellar population analysis of the absorption line strength maps of 48 early-type galaxies
• MIUSCAT: extended MILES spectral coverage. I. Stellar populations synthesis models
• Early-Type Galaxy Archeology: Ages, Abundance Ratios, and Effective Temperatures from Full-Spectrum Fitting
• Counting Low-Mass Stars in Integrated Light
• Recovering galaxy stellar population properties from broad-band spectral energy distribution fitting
• A new library of theoretical stellar spectra with scaled-solar and alpha-enhanced mixtures
• Chemical tagging with APOGEE: Discovery of a large population of N-rich stars in the inner Galaxy
• Flux-calibrated stellar population models of Lick absorption-line indices with variable element abundance ratios
• Star formation history of barred disc galaxies
• The stellar IMF determined in early-type galaxies from a non-degenerate set of optical line indices
• Spectral models for solar-scaled and alpha-enhanced stellar populations
• The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Early-Type Galaxies from Absorption Line Spectroscopy. III. Radial Gradients
• Metal-rich, Metal-poor: Updated Stellar Population Models for Old Stellar Systems
• Star Clusters in M31: II. Old Cluster Metallicities and Ages from Hectospec Data
• Deep near-infrared spectroscopy of passively evolving galaxies at z>1.4
• The Assembly Histories of Quiescent Galaxies Since z=0.7 from Absorption Line Spectroscopy
• Stellar Population and Kinematic Profiles in Spiral Bulges & Disks: Population Synthesis of Integrated Spectra
• Measuring Ages and Elemental Abundances from Unresolved Stellar Populations: Fe, Mg, C, N, and Ca
• Stellar Diameters and Temperatures V. Eleven Newly Characterized Exoplanet Host Stars
• Dissecting the Red Sequence--I. Star Formation Histories of Quiescent Galaxies: The Color-Magnitude vs. the Color-Sigma Relation
• Stellar velocity profiles and line strengths out to four effective radii in the early-type galaxies NGC 3379 and NGC 821
• Dissecting the Red Sequence--II. Star Formation Histories of Early-Type Galaxies Throughout the Fundamental Plane
• Dwarf Galaxy Dark Matter Density Profiles Inferred from Stellar and Gas Kinematics
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Global stellar population and gradients for about 2000 early-type and spiral galaxies on the mass-size plane
• Ages and Abundances of Red Sequence Galaxies as a Function of LINER Emission Line Strength
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Spatially Resolved Stellar Initial Mass Function in $\sim$400 Early-Type Galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: the third and final data release
• Chemical element ratios of SDSS early-type galaxies
• The stellar population histories of early-type galaxies. III. The Coma Cluster
• Modelling Element Abundances in Semi-analytic Models of Galaxy Formation
• An Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Atlas of Local Starbursts and Star-Forming Galaxies: The Legacy of FOS and GHRS
• Dissecting the Red Sequence - III. Mass-to-Light Variations in 3D Fundamental Plane Space
• Stellar populations and star formation histories of the nuclear star clusters in six nearby galaxies
• Stellar mass-to-light ratios from galaxy spectra: how accurate can they be?
• A large stellar evolution database for population synthesis studies. IV. Integrated properties and spectra
• The Extended IRTF Spectral Library: Expanded coverage in metallicity, temperature, and surface gravity
• Galactic chemical evolution in hierarchical formation models - I. Early-type galaxies in the local Universe
• An enigmatic population of luminous globular clusters in a galaxy lacking dark matter
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Global stellar populations on the size-mass plane
• Environmental quenching and hierarchical cluster assembly: Evidence from spectroscopic ages of red-sequence galaxies in Coma
• A spectroscopic survey of dwarf galaxies in the Coma Cluster: Stellar populations, environment and downsizing
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Data Release Two with absorption-line physics value-added products
• Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. II. Evidence for Luminosity Evolution in Supernova Cosmology
• The Stellar Halos of Massive Elliptical Galaxies II: Detailed Abundance Ratios at Large Radius
• The SAURON Project - XIV. No escape from V${}_{\mathrm{esc}}$: a global and local parameter in early-type galaxy evolution
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: comparing 3D spectroscopic observations with galaxies from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• The ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 with MUSE: II. The population of DF2: stars, clusters and planetary nebulae
• The ATLAS3D Project - XXI. Correlations between gradients of local escape velocity and stellar populations in early-type galaxies
• M31 Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy
• The SLUGGS survey: Exploring the metallicity gradients of nearby early-type galaxies to large radii
• The SAURON Project - XIX. Optical and near-infrared scaling relations of nearby elliptical, lenticular and Sa galaxies
• On the spectral resolution of the MILES stellar library
• The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey: V - Compact Stellar Systems in the Coma Cluster
• Exploring the mass assembly of the early-type disc galaxy NGC3115 with MUSE
• Lick Indices in the Thin and Thick Disks of Edge-On Disk Galaxies
• Minor Mergers or Progenitor Bias? The Stellar Ages of Small and Large Quenched Early-Type Galaxies
• Constraining stellar population models - I. Age, metallicity, and abundance pattern compilation for Galactic globular clusters
• Stellar Population Models and Individual Element Abundances II: Stellar Spectra and Integrated Light Models
• The Stellar Halos of Massive Elliptical Galaxies
• Stellar populations and evolution of early-type cluster galaxies: Constraints from optical imaging and spectroscopy of z=0.5-0.9 galaxy clusters
• The Slow Death (or Rebirth?) of Extended Star Formation in z~0.1 Green Valley Early-Type Galaxies
• A relation between characteristic stellar age of galaxies and their intrinsic shape
• Stellar Populations of Elliptical Galaxies in the Local Universe
• Testing the Accuracy of Synthetic Stellar Libraries
• The Nuclear Near-Infrared Spectral Properties of Nearby Galaxies
• The stellar initial mass function in red-sequence galaxies: 1-micron spectroscopy of Coma Cluster galaxies with Subaru/FMOS
• Probing recent star formation with absorption-line strengths in hierarchical models and observations
• MIUSCAT: extended MILES spectral coverage. II. Constraints from optical photometry
• Element abundances in the stars of the MILES spectral library: the Mg/Fe ratio
• Stellar Populations and the Star Formation Histories of LSB Galaxies: III. Stellar Population Models
• Star Clusters in M31. V. Evidence for Self-Enrichment in Old M31 Clusters from Integrated Spectroscopy
• Kinematics and Chemistry of Stars Along the Sagittarius Trailing Tidal Tail and Constraints on the Milky Way Mass Distribution
• The Fornax 3D project: a two-dimensional view of the stellar initial mass function in the massive lenticular galaxy FCC 167
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Radial Gradients in Stellar Population Properties of Early-Type and Late-Type Galaxies
• Virgo Redux: The Masses and Stellar Content of Nuclei in Early-Type Galaxies from Multi-Band Photometry and Spectroscopy
• Kinematics and Metallicities in the Bootes III Stellar Overdensity: a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy?
• Spatially resolved variations of the IMF mass normalisation in early-type galaxies as probed by molecular gas kinematics
• Ultra-Compact Dwarfs in the Coma Cluster
• Comparison of Stellar Population Model Predictions Using Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy
• The SLUGGS Survey: Measuring globular cluster ages using both photometry and spectroscopy
• Connection between dynamically derived IMF normalisation and stellar population parameters
• An analysis of the composite stellar population in M32
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: local and global chemical abundance patterns in early-type galaxies
• Newborn spheroids at high redshift: when and how did the dominant, old stars in today's massive galaxies form?
• The effect of helium-enhanced stellar populations on the ultraviolet-upturn phenomenon of early-type galaxies
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population and structural trends across the Fundamental Plane
• Radial Trends in IMF-Sensitive Absorption Features in Two Early-Type Galaxies: Evidence for Abundance-Driven Gradients
• Recycled stellar ejecta as fuel for star formation and implications for the origin of the galaxy mass-metallicity relation
• UV Properties of Galactic Globular Clusters with GALEX I. The Color-Magnitude Diagrams
• Exploring the Star Formation History of Elliptical Galaxies: Beyond Simple Stellar Populations with a New Estimator of Line Strengths
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Stellar population radial gradients in early-type galaxies
• Tidal streams in newly discovered M32 analogues: evidence for the stripping scenario
• Age and metallicity gradients support hierarchical formation for M87
• Yonsei Evolutionary Population Synthesis (YEPS) Model. I. Spectroscopic Evolution of Simple Stellar Populations
• The WAGGS project - I. The WiFeS Atlas of Galactic Globular cluster Spectra
• A deep AAOmega survey of low-luminosity galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster: Stellar population trends
• Ages and metallicities for quiescent galaxies in the Shapley Supercluster: Driving parameters of the stellar populations
• Stellar populations of Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with and without discs: a dichotomy in age?
• Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy. III. The Large Magellanic Cloud: Fe and Ages
• The MASSIVE Survey - XII Connecting Stellar Populations of Early-Type Galaxies to Kinematics and Environment
• The hELENa project - I. Stellar populations of early-type galaxies linked with local environment and galaxy mass
• Integral-field kinematics and stellar populations of early-type galaxies out to three half-light radii
• Globular cluster systems and galaxy formation
• The impact of systematic uncertainties in stellar parameters on integrated spectra of stellar populations
• The Stellar Haloes of Massive Elliptical Galaxies III: Kinematics at Large Radius
• The Star Formation Histories of Red-Sequence Galaxies, Mass-to-Light Ratios and the Fundamental Plane
• Evidence for the rapid formation of low mass early-type galaxies in dense environments
• The Origin of the Virgo Stellar Substructure
• The SAURON project - XVIII. The integrated UV-linestrength relations of early-type galaxies
• Kinetys II: Constraints on spatial variations of the stellar initial mass function from K-band spectroscopy
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: stellar population gradients of central galaxies
• What drives the ultra-violet colours of passive galaxies?
• Abundance ratios in red-sequence galaxies over a wide mass range: The "X-planes" for magnesium, calcium, carbon and nitrogen
• Recovering star formation histories: Integrated-light analyses vs stellar colour-magnitude diagrams
• Infrared High-Resolution Integrated Light Spectral Analyses of M31 Globular Clusters from APOGEE
• Full spectral fitting of Milky Way and M31 globular clusters: ages and metallicities
• Formation channels of slowly rotating early-type galaxies
• The accretion histories of brightest cluster galaxies from their stellar population gradients
• The Mass-Activity relationships in M and K dwarfs. I. Stellar parameters of our sample of M and K dwarfs
• NPOI Observations of the Exoplanet Host kappa Coronae Borealis and Their Implications for the Star's and Planet's Masses and Ages
• Evidence for intermediate-age stellar populations in early-type galaxies from K-band spectroscopy
• Gravitational Potential and Surface Density Drive Stellar Populations -- II. Star-Forming Galaxies
• Milky Way Analogues in MaNGA: Multi-Parameter Homogeneity and Comparison to the Milky Way
• Star Clusters in M 31. IV. A Comparative Analysis of Absorption Line Indices in Old M 31 and Milky Way Clusters
• Spatially Resolved Stellar Spectroscopy of the Ultra-diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44. III. Evidence for an Unexpected Star-Formation History
• A large population of recently-quenched red-sequence dwarf galaxies in the outskirts of the Coma Cluster
• Dissecting the Red Sequence. IV. The Role of Truncation in the Two-Dimensional Family of Early-Type Galaxy Star Formation Histories
• Ages and Metallicities of Early-Type Void Galaxies from Line Strength Measurements
• Integrated-light analyses vs. colour-magnitude diagrams - II. Leo A, an extremely young dwarf in the Local Group
• Using Galaxy Pairs to Probe Star Formation During Major Halo Mergers
• Absorption line indices in the UV. Empirical and theoretical stellar population models
• Colors of Ellipticals from GALEX to Spitzer
• Galaxy populations in massive z=0.2-0.9 clusters: I. Analysis of spectroscopy
• Empirical calibrations of optical absorption line indices based on the stellar library MILES
• The WAGGS project - II. The reliability of the calcium triplet as a metallicity indicator in integrated stellar light
• Discovery of an isolated compact elliptical galaxy in the field
• The spatial distribution and origin of the FUV excess in early-type galaxies
• Still at Odds with Conventional Galaxy Evolution: The Star Formation History of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44
• From Carbon to Cobalt: Chemical compositions and ages of $z\sim 0.7$ quiescent galaxies
• Green galaxies in the COSMOS field
• sMILES: A Library of Semi-Empirical MILES Stellar Spectra with Variable [$\alpha$/Fe] Abundances
• The Effect of Spatial Gradients in Stellar Mass-to-Light Ratio on Black Hole Mass Measurements
• Integrated K-band spectra of old and intermediate-age globular clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• How well can we determine ages and chemical abundances from spectral fitting of integrated light spectra?
• Stellar mass-loss, rotation and the chemical enrichment of early type galaxies
• Integrated Stellar Populations: Confronting Photometry with Spectroscopy
• The Hydra I cluster core. I. Stellar populations in the cD galaxy NGC 3311
• Stellar Population Trends in S0 Galaxies
• The LAMOST spectroscopic survey of star clusters in M31. II. Metallicities, ages and masses
• Evidence for (and Against) Progenitor Bias in the Size Growth of Compact Red Galaxies
• Tests of model predictions for the response of stellar spectra and absorption line indices to element abundance variations
• The puzzling interpretation of NIR indices: The case of NaI2.21
• Chemical abundances in the nuclear region of nearby galaxies from the Palomar Survey
• Strong CO Absorption Features in Massive ETGs
• Formation of N-rich field stars in the high-density building blocks of the Galactic bulge
• The Stellar Populations of Bright Coma Cluster Galaxies
• The Age of Cluster Galaxies from Continuum Colors
• Mg and TiO spectral features at the near-IR: Spectrophotometric index definitions and empirical calibrations
• Dissolved Massive Metal-Rich Globular Clusters Can Cause the Range of UV Upturn Strengths Found among Early-type Galaxies
• The SAMI-Fornax Dwarfs Survey III: Evolution of [$\alpha$/Fe] in dwarfs, from Galaxy Clusters to the Local Group
• The Spectral and Temporal Properties of Transient Sources in Early-Type Galaxies
• A model for GN-z11: top-heavy stellar initial mass functions in forming galactic nuclei and ultra-compact dwarfs
• The Planetary Nebulae Population in the Nuclear Regions of M31: the SAURON view
• Effects of Alpha-Element Enhancement and the Thermally Pulsing-Asymptotic Giant Branch on Surface Brightness Fluctuation Magnitudes and Broadband Colors
• Coordinated Assembly of Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Environmental dependence of the Mgb/<Fe>-sigma_* relation for nearby galaxies
• The Planetary Nebulae Population in the Central Regions of M32: the SAURON view
• Comparison of Alpha-Element Enhanced Simple Stellar Population Models with Milky Way Globular Clusters
• Early-type Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae. I. Evidence for Downsizing
• Mid-UV Narrow-Band Indices of Evolved Simple Stellar Populations
• The properties of the kinematically distinct components in NGC 448 and NGC 4365
• Nonlinear Color-Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. V. Nonlinear Absorption-line Index versus Metallicity Relations and Bimodal Index Distributions of M31 Globular Clusters
• Kinematics in Kapteyn's Selected Area 76: Orbital Motions Within the Highly Substructured Anticenter Stream
• Stellar and Molecular Gas Rotation in a Recently-Quenched Massive Galaxy at z~0.7
• Abundance ratios in dwarf elliptical galaxies
• Fluctuation Spectroscopy: A New Probe of Old Stellar Populations
• Spectro-Imaging Forward Model of Red and Blue Galaxies
• Chemical abundance anticorrelations in globular cluster stars: The effect on cluster integrated spectra
• The SAURON project-XXI. The spatially-resolved UV-line strength relations of early-type galaxies
• The hELENa project - II. Abundance distribution trends of early-type galaxies: from dwarfs to giants
• Early-Type Galaxy Star Formation Histories in Different Environments
• Stellar Population and Elemental Abundance Gradients of Early-type Galaxies
• Stellar Metallicity Gradients in SDSS galaxies
• The metal contents of two groups of galaxies
• Carbon and Nitrogen Abundances in Early-type Galaxies
• A first study of the galaxy HRG 2304 and its companion AM 1646-795 (NED01)
• The Age of Ellipticals and the Color-Magnitude Relation
• Light-element abundance variations in globular clusters
• The Imprint of Element Abundance Patterns on Quiescent Galaxy SEDs
• The APOGEE Library of Infrared SSP Templates (A-LIST): High-Resolution Simple Stellar Population Spectral Models in the H-Band
• Old Massive Globular Clusters and the Stellar Halo of the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC 4449
• The Influence of Environment on the Chemical Evolution in Low-mass Galaxies
• Red Runaways II: Low mass Hills stars in SDSS Stripe 82
• Gemini/GMOS Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in the Merger Remnant Galaxy M85
• Abundance Patterns in the Interstellar Medium of Early-type Galaxies Observed with Suzaku
• The old globular cluster system of NGC 4365: new VLT/FORS2 spectra
• A new catalog of homogenised absorption line indices for Milky Way globular clusters from high-resolution integrated spectroscopy
• A hierarchical Bayesian approach for reconstructing the Initial Mass Function of Single Stellar Populations
• Validation of optimised population synthesis through mock spectra and Galactic globular clusters
• Recovery of the low- and high-mass end slopes of the IMF in massive early-type galaxies using detailed elemental abundances
• Ageing and Quenching through the ageing diagram II: physical characterization of galaxies
• Demographics of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies along the Hubble sequence
• Comparing Mid-Infrared Globular Cluster Colors With Population Synthesis Models
• On the precision of full-spectrum fitting of simple stellar populations. II. The dependence on star cluster mass in the wavelength range 0.3-5.0 $\mu$m
• FM 047-02: a collisional pair of galaxies with a ring
• Chemical composition of giants from two moving groups
• The Initial Mass Function and Other Stellar Properties Across the Core of the Hydra I Cluster
• Stellar nuclei and inner polar disks in lenticular galaxies
• Stellar populations of bulges at low redshift
• The Angular Diameter and Effective Temperature of the Lithium-Rich K Giant HD 148293 from the CHARA Array
• Individual element sensitivity for stellar evolutionary isochrones
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Trends in [α/Fe] as a Function of Morphology and Environment
• Age-Divided Mean Stellar Populations from Full Spectrum Fitting as the Simplified Star Formation and Chemical Evolution History of a Galaxy: Methodology and Reliability
• Chemical characterisation of the X-shooter Spectral Library (XSL): [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] abundances
• Multiple populations within globular clusters in Early-type galaxies Exploring their effect on stellar initial mass function estimates
• The Galaxy Population of Abell 1367: The Stellar Mass-Metallicity Relation
• The Sami Galaxy Survey: stellar populations of passive spiral galaxies in different environment
• An empirical calibration of Lick indices using Milky Way Globular Clusters
• Hierarchical Bayesian inference of the Initial Mass Function in Composite Stellar Populations
• Galaxy evolution from "dis"integrated light
• The origin of the nuclear star-forming ring in NGC 3182
• The stellar populations in the low luminosity, early-type galaxy NGC59
• Counting stars from the integrated spectra of galaxies
• Hidden Figures of Globular Clusters: Integrated Stellar Populations Impacted by Hot Subdwarfs
• The star formation timescale of elliptical galaxies -- Fitting [Mg/Fe] and total metallicity simultaneously
• Updated Models for the Creation of a Low-z QSO Absorber by a Dwarf Galaxy Wind
• A Comparison of Full Spectral Fitting Codes for Measuring the Stellar Initial Mass Function and Other Stellar Population Properties in Elliptical Galaxies
• Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of Abell 0671
• Fundamental parameters of some B-type stars using NOAO Indo-U.S. Library
• Connection between dynamically derived IMF normalisation and stellar populations
• Stellar Abundances at the Center of Early Type Galaxies with Fine Structure
• Spatially Resolved Kinematics of Post-starburst Galaxies
• Fornax 3D project: assessing the diversity of IMF and stellar population maps within the Fornax Cluster
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: How the stellar populations of passive central galaxies depend on stellar and halo mass
• UCDs in the Coma Cluster
• Cosmography via stellar archaeology of low-redshift early-type galaxies from SDSS
• SPAN: A cross-platform Python GUI software for optical and near-infrared spectral analysis
• Challenges in Stellar Population Studies